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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation improves lipid metabolism and endothelial function by providing a beneficial eicosanoid-pattern in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A randomized, controlled trial.
Yuan, M, Zhang, Y, Hua, T, Liu, XL, Liu, T, Yuan, RY, Li, GP, Zhu, Y, Zhang, X
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2021;(2):445-459
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) have been reported to have beneficial cardiovascular effects, but its mechanism of protection against acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who are under guideline-based therapy is not fully understood. Here, we used a metabolomic approach to systematically analyze the eicosanoid metabolites induced by ω-3 PUFA supplementation and investigated the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Participants with AMI after successful percutaneous coronary intervention were randomized to 3 months of 2 g daily ω-3 PUFA and guideline-adjusted therapy (n = 30, ω-3 therapy) or guideline-adjusted therapy alone (n = 30, Usual therapy). Functional PUFA-derived eicosanoids in plasma were profiled by metabolomics. Clinical and laboratory tests were obtained before and 3 months after baseline and after the study therapy. RESULTS By intent-to-treat analysis, the content of 11-HDoHE, 20-HDoHE and 16,17-EDP and that of epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EEQs), derived from docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, respectively, were significantly higher with ω-3 group than Usual therapy, whereas that of prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) and leukotriene B4, derived from arachidonic acid, was significantly decreased. As compared with Usual therapy, ω-3 PUFA therapy significantly reduced levels of triglycerides (-6.3%, P < 0.05), apolipoprotein B (-4.9%, P < 0.05) and lipoprotein(a) (-37.0%, P < 0.05) and increased nitric oxide level (62.2%, P < 0.05). In addition, the levels of these variables were positively correlated with change in 16,17-EDP and EEQs content but negatively with change in PGJ2 content. CONCLUSIONS ω-3 PUFA supplementation may improve lipid metabolism and endothelial function possibly by affecting eicosanoid metabolic status at a systemic level during convalescent healing after AMI. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn. Unique identifier: ChiCTR1900025859.
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Effects of Statins on Lipid Profile of Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Huang, X, Jia, Y, Zhu, X, Zhang, Y, Jiang, L, Wei, X, Zhao, D, Zhao, X, Du, Y
BioMed research international. 2020;:9094543
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the benefits of statins on lipid profile in kidney transplant recipients via a meta-analysis. METHODS We systematically identified peer-reviewed clinical trials, review articles, and treatment guidelines from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Wanfang, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed (CBM), and Chongqing VIP databases from inception to April 2019. In the analysis, only randomized controlled clinical trials performed in human were included. RESULTS Eight articles were included in the analysis, involving 335 kidney transplant recipients who received statins and 350 kidney transplant patients as the control group. Results revealed that statins improved the lipid profile of kidney transplant recipients. Specifically, statin therapy significantly reduced total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, it had no effects on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides valuable knowledge on the potential benefits of statins in kidney transplant recipients. This meta-analysis shows that statin therapy modifies the lipid profile in this patient population.
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Effects of olanzapine treatment on lipid profiles in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Li, R, Zhang, Y, Zhu, W, Ding, C, Dai, W, Su, X, Dai, W, Xiao, J, Xing, Z, Huang, X
Scientific reports. 2020;(1):17028
Abstract
Olanzapine-induced dyslipidemia significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with schizophrenia. However, the clinical features of olanzapine-induced dyslipidemia remain hitherto unclear because of inconsistencies in the literature. This meta-analysis thus investigated the effects of olanzapine treatment on lipid profiles among patients with schizophrenia. Studies of the effects of olanzapine on lipids were obtained through the PubMed, Web of science, The Cochrane Library and Embase databases (up to January 1, 2020). Twenty-one studies and 1790 schizophrenia patients who received olanzapine therapy were included in our analysis. An olanzapine-induced increase was observed in plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in patients with schizophrenia (all P < 0.05). Moreover, the time points analyzed included the following: baseline, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, and ≥ 24 weeks (data of ≥ 24 weeks were integrated). The significant elevation of TG, TC, and LDL-C was observed in patients with schizophrenia already by 4 weeks of olanzapine therapy (all P < 0.05), with no obvious changes observed in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P > 0.05). In conclusion, olanzapine-induced dyslipidemia, characterized by increased TG, TC, and LDL-C levels, was observed in patients with schizophrenia already by 4 weeks of olanzapine treatment.
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Add-on therapy with traditional Chinese medicine: An efficacious approach for lipid metabolism disorders.
Zhang, Y, Kishi, H, Kobayashi, S
Pharmacological research. 2018;:200-211
Abstract
Add-on therapy with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been extensively researched in the intractable diseases, such as asthma, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. As an entirely new concept, add-on therapy of TCM has been also used to prevent and treat hyperlipidemia via lowering cholesterol level. However, the efficacy of add-on therapy with TCM for mediating lipid metabolism disorders remains controversial. In this review, we summarize and provide strong evidence that add-on therapy of TCM as a novel approach is efficacious and safe for hyperlipidemia associated diseases based on the mediation of lipid metabolism disorders.
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Exome chip meta-analysis identifies novel loci and East Asian-specific coding variants that contribute to lipid levels and coronary artery disease.
Lu, X, Peloso, GM, Liu, DJ, Wu, Y, Zhang, H, Zhou, W, Li, J, Tang, CS, Dorajoo, R, Li, H, et al
Nature genetics. 2017;(12):1722-1730
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Abstract
Most genome-wide association studies have been of European individuals, even though most genetic variation in humans is seen only in non-European samples. To search for novel loci associated with blood lipid levels and clarify the mechanism of action at previously identified lipid loci, we used an exome array to examine protein-coding genetic variants in 47,532 East Asian individuals. We identified 255 variants at 41 loci that reached chip-wide significance, including 3 novel loci and 14 East Asian-specific coding variant associations. After a meta-analysis including >300,000 European samples, we identified an additional nine novel loci. Sixteen genes were identified by protein-altering variants in both East Asians and Europeans, and thus are likely to be functional genes. Our data demonstrate that most of the low-frequency or rare coding variants associated with lipids are population specific, and that examining genomic data across diverse ancestries may facilitate the identification of functional genes at associated loci.
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Dihydromyricetin improves glucose and lipid metabolism and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial.
Chen, S, Zhao, X, Wan, J, Ran, L, Qin, Y, Wang, X, Gao, Y, Shu, F, Zhang, Y, Liu, P, et al
Pharmacological research. 2015;:74-81
Abstract
Ampelopsis grossedentata, a medicinal and edible plant, has been widely used in China for hundreds of years, and dihydromyricetin is the main active ingredient responsible for its various biological actions. We investigated the effects of dihydromyricetin on glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammatory mediators and several biomarkers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In a double-blind clinical trial, sixty adult nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients were randomly assigned to receive either two dihydromyricetin or two placebo capsules (150 mg) twice daily for three months. The serum levels of alanine, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, glucose, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were significantly decreased in the dihydromyricetin group compared with the placebo group. In the dihydromyricetin group, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, cytokeratin-18 fragment and fibroblast growth factor 21 were decreased, whereas the levels of serum adiponectin were increased at the end of the study. We conclude that dihydromyricetin supplementation improves glucose and lipid metabolism as well as various biochemical parameters in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and the therapeutic effects of dihydromyricetin are likely attributable to improved insulin resistance and decreases in the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, cytokeratin-18, and fibroblast growth factor 21.