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A novel effect of glycine on the growth and starch biosynthesis of storage root in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.).
Li, C, Yao, W, Wang, J, Wang, J, Ai, Y, Ma, H, Zhang, Y
Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB. 2019;:395-403
Abstract
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) plays an indispensable role in feed, starch-based industries and ethanol biofuel production. Few studies have investigated on how external amino acids affect the growth and production of sweetpotato. In the study, we evaluated morphological, physiological and molecular effects of external glycine (Gly) on the root growth and starch metabolism of sweetpotato, Xushu16. At morphological level, the Xushu16 with Gly stimuli had larger plant biomass than that under control condition. At physiological level, the photosynthesis strength of the Xushu16 with Gly treatments showed significant differences relative to those under control condition. The relative content of plant hormone and starch in storage roots was higher under Gly conditions than that under control condition. At molecular level, a total of 4836 differentially expression genes were identified in the storage roots with different Gly treatments by RNA-Seq. Among them, as many as 1830 genes were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, which held maximum proportion among all the DEGs. Further, a few genes involved in starch biosynthesis were proved to be Gly-induced significantly by RT-qPCR. All the results indicated extrinsic Gly promotes the growth of storage roots by strengthening photosynthesis and increasing plant hormone, and enhances starch biosynthesis of storage roots by accelerating carbohydrate metabolism and regulating the expression of starch-related genes.
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Multiple roles of nitric oxide in root development and nitrogen uptake.
Sun, H, Tao, J, Zhao, Q, Xu, G, Zhang, Y
Plant signaling & behavior. 2017;(1):e1274480
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is widely recognized for its role as a signaling molecule in regulating plant developmental processes. We summarize recent work on NO generation via nitrate reductase (NR) or/and NO synthase (NOS) pathway in response to nutrient fluctuation and its regulation of plant root growth and N metabolism. The promotion or inhibition of root development most likely depends on NO concentrations and/or experimental conditions. NO plays an important role in regulating plant NR activity at posttranslational level probably via a direct interaction mechanism, thus contributing largely to N assimilation. NO also regulates N distribution and uptake in many plant species. In rice cultivar, NR-generated NO plays a pivotal role in improving N uptake capacity by increasing root growth and inorganic N uptake, representing a potential strategy for rice adaption to a fluctuating nitrate supply.
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Low levels of strigolactones in roots as a component of the systemic signal of drought stress in tomato.
Visentin, I, Vitali, M, Ferrero, M, Zhang, Y, Ruyter-Spira, C, Novák, O, Strnad, M, Lovisolo, C, Schubert, A, Cardinale, F
The New phytologist. 2016;(4):954-963
Abstract
Strigolactones (SL) contribute to drought acclimatization in shoots, because SL-depleted plants are hypersensitive to drought due to stomatal hyposensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA). However, under drought, SL biosynthesis is repressed in roots, suggesting organ specificity in their metabolism and role. Because SL can be transported acropetally, such a drop may also affect shoots, as a systemic indication of stress. We investigated this hypothesis by analysing molecularly and physiologically wild-type (WT) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) scions grafted onto SL-depleted rootstocks, compared with self-grafted WT and SL-depleted genotypes, during a drought time-course. Shoots receiving few SL from the roots behaved as if under mild stress even if irrigated. Their stomata were hypersensitive to ABA (likely via a localized enhancement of SL synthesis in shoots). Exogenous SL also enhanced stomata sensitivity to ABA. As the partial shift of SL synthesis from roots to shoots mimics what happens under drought, a reduction of root-produced SL might represent a systemic signal unlinked from shootward ABA translocation, and sufficient to prime the plant for better stress avoidance.
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Cross-talk between nitric oxide and Ca (2+) in elevated CO 2-induced lateral root formation.
Wang, H, Niu, Y, Chai, R, Liu, M, Zhang, Y
Plant signaling & behavior. 2013;(2):e23106
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Abstract
This study demonstrates a potential signaling pathway of CO 2-dependent stimulation in lateral root (LR) formation. Elevated CO 2 increases production of nitric oxide (NO), which subsequently stimulates the generation of cytosolic Ca (2+) concentration by activating plasma membrane and/or intracellular Ca (2+)-permeable channels. Meanwhile, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), as one of the main NO source, requires Ca (2+) and CaM as cofactors. This complex interaction involves transduction cascades of multiple signals that lead to the LR formation and development. Finally, this review highlights the the role of Ca (2+) in the process that elevated CO 2 enhances the development of LRs through increased NO level.
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[Effects of soil root-growing space on root physiological characteristics and grain yield of sorghum].
Zhang, Y, Miao, G
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology. 2006;(4):635-9
Abstract
In this paper, soil culture was conducted on the Experimental Farm of Shanxi Agricultural University, with the sorghum planted in cylindrical nylon bags to confine the space of root growth but allow the pass-through of water and nutrients, aimed to study the effects of soil root-growing space on the root physiological characteristics and grain yield of sorghum. The results showed that the confinement of root growth space decreased the plant height, leaf area, SOD and POD activities in flag leaf, total root length, root absorbing area, dry weights of root and aboveground part, nutrient uptake and grain yield, but increased the activity of root and its active absorbing area. Fertilization stimulated the root growth under space stress, increased the activity of root and its absorbing area, promoted nutrient uptake, and thus, increased grain yield while decreased the detrimental effects derived from the confine of root growth space.