1.
Effect of soybean protein on blood pressure in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Kou, T, Wang, Q, Cai, J, Song, J, Du, B, Zhao, K, Ma, Y, Geng, B, Zhang, Y, Han, X, et al
Food & function. 2017;(8):2663-2671
Abstract
The effect of soybean protein on blood pressure (BP) in postmenopausal women is controversial, so we aimed to conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate whether supplementation with soy protein improves their blood pressure. PubMed and Embase were searched up to February 2016. Weighted mean differences were calculated for net changes in BP by using fixed-effect or random-effect models. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to clarify heterogeneity among the trials. A total of twelve trials (1551 postmenopausal women participants) were included in the present meta-analysis. The overall pooled estimates of the effect of soy protein indicated a significant effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mean difference: -3.03 mmHg; 95% CI: -5.03, -1.02; P = 0.003) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (mean difference: -0.71 mmHg; 95% CI: -1.26, -0.16; P = 0.012). Subgroup analyses further demonstrated that soy protein intake ≥25 g d-1 significantly reduced BP, and the mean difference in SBP and DBP was -4.62 mmHg (95% CI: -8.42, -0.81; P = 0.04) and -1.63 mmHg (95% CI: -2.85, -0.41; P = 0.009), respectively. Soy isoflavone intake ≥100 mg d-1 had a better reduction effect both in SBP (-5.47 mmHg; 95% CI: -8.42, -2.51; P = 0.00) and DBP (-2.03 mmHg; 95% CI: -3.35, -0.72; P = 0.002). However, soy protein intake <25 g d-1 or soy isoflavone intake <100 mg d-1 had no such effects (P > 0.05). This meta-analysis suggests that ingestion of ≥25 g soy protein per day has BP-lowering effects, and the improvements in BP may be due to the isoflavones component of soy protein. More high-quality RCTs need to be carried out to confirm the present findings.
2.
Effects of raloxifene hydrochloride on bone mineral density, bone metabolism and serum lipids in postmenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial in Beijing.
Zheng, S, Wu, Y, Zhang, Z, Yang, X, Hui, Y, Zhang, Y, Chen, S, Deng, W, Liu, H, Ekangaki, A, et al
Chinese medical journal. 2003;(8):1127-33
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX) on bone mineral density (BMD), bone metabolism markers and serum lipids in healthy postmenopausal women in Beijing. METHODS A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in a total of 204 healthy postmenopausal women (age 59.5 +/- 5.0 years and weight 62.8 +/- 8.7 kg) treated with either RLX 60 mg (n = 102) or placebo (n = 102) daily for 12 months. BMD, serum lipids, and bone markers were measured before and after drug administration. RESULTS Compared with placebo, RLX produced a significant increase in both total lumbar spine and total hip BMD. For the lumbar spine, percentage increase in total BMD was 2.3% with RLX compared with a decrease of 0.1% with placebo (P < 0.001). Corresponding values for total hip BMD were a 2.5% increase for RLX and a 1.1% increase for placebo (P = 0.011). For biochemical markers of bone metabolism, serum osteocalcin and C-telopeptide, percentage decreases were 27.65% and 24.02% in RLX-treated subjects. Corresponding values in placebo were a 10.64% decrease and a 15.75% increase (RLX compared with placebo, both P < 0.001). For total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, percentage decreases were 6.44% and 34.58% in the RLX-treated group. Corresponding values in placebo-treated patients were a 1.44% increase and a 19.07% decrease (RLX compared with placebo, both P < 0.001). No differences were found for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglyceride levels between the two groups. Only 5 subjects discontinued early owing to an adverse event (3 in the RLX group and 2 in the placebo group). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that RLX exerts positive effects on the skeleton, increasing BMD and decreasing biochemical markers of bone metabolism, and has a positive effect on the overall serum lipid profile in postmenopausal women in China.
3.
[A randomised clinical trial to study the effects of raloxifene hydrochloride on bone mineral density, biochemical markers of bone metabolism and serum lipids in postmenopausal women].
Zheng, SR, Wu, YY, Zhang, ZL, Yang, X, Hui, Y, Zhang, Y, Chen, SL, Den, WH, Liu, H, Ekangaki, A, et al
Zhonghua fu chan ke za zhi. 2003;(4):226-9
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX) on bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical markers of bone metabolism and lipid metabolism in Chinese postmenopausal women. METHODS This was a multicenter, randomized, double blind placebo controlled study in China with a total of 204 postmenopausal women [mean age (60 +/- 5) years (x +/- s) and weight (63 +/- 9) kg (x +/- s)] treated with either RLX 60 mg (n = 102) or placebo (n = 102) daily for 12 months. BMD, serum lipid and bone markers were determined before and after drug administration. RESULTS Compared to placebo, RLX produced a significant increase in both total lumbar spine and total hip BMD. For the lumbar spine, percentage increase in total BMD was 2.30% with RLX compared to a decrease of 0.08% with placebo (P < 0.001). Corresponding values for total hip BMD were 2.46% increase for RLX and 1.07% for placebo (P < 0.05). For biochemical markers of bone metabolism, serum osteocalcin and C-telopeptide, percentage decrease were 27.6% and 24.0% in raloxifene-treated subjects. Corresponding values in placebo were 10.6% decrease and 15.8% increase (RLX compared to placebo, both P < 0.001). For total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, percentage decrease were 6.4% and 34.6% in the raloxifene-treated group. Corresponding values in placebo were 1.4% increase and 19.1% decrease (RLX compared to placebo, both P < 0.001). No differences were found for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglyceride levels between the two groups. Only 5 subjects discontinued early due to an adverse event (3 in the RLX group and 2 in the placebo group). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that RLX exerts positive effects on the skeleton, increasing BMD and decreasing biochemical markers of bone metabolism, and decreased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in postmenopausal women in China.