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[Effect of saline nasal irrigation with different temperature on the clinical symptoms and the level of inflammatory factors in patients with allergic rhinitis].
Gao, Z, Zhang, Y, Zhou, B
Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology, head, and neck surgery. 2017;(2):135-137
Abstract
Objective:To study the effect of nasal spray on the clinical symptoms and the level of inflammatory factors in patients with allergic rhinitis by salines with different temperature normal salines.Method:One hundred and twenty patients were divided into control group (n = 60) and experimental group (n = 60) randomly and all the patients were given specific immunotherapy. The patients in control group were treated with saline in 25 degrees for nasal douche, while the patients in the experimental group were treated with saline in 40 degrees. Clinical symptoms and inflammatory factors were compared between two groups.Result:In the experimental group, the total effective rate was 95.00%, while the control group was only 76.67%. The difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Before treatment, the symptoms scores of nasal congestion, runny nose, nasal itching, sneezing and other symptoms were similar in two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, nasal congestion and sneezing score in experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P< 0.05). The scores of runny nose and nasal itching score is similar in two groups (P> 0.05). Before treatment, the histamine and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), leukotriene C4 and specific IgE inflammatory factor level were similar in two groups (P> 0.05). After treatment, histamine and leukotriene C4 levels in experimental group is lower than that in the control group (P< 0.05).Conclusion:Forty degrees saline nasal irrigation can reduce histamine and leukotriene C4 level in patient with allergic rhinitis, improving the symptoms of nasal congestion and sneezing.
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Transcriptional profiling of Medicago truncatula under salt stress identified a novel CBF transcription factor MtCBF4 that plays an important role in abiotic stress responses.
Li, D, Zhang, Y, Hu, X, Shen, X, Ma, L, Su, Z, Wang, T, Dong, J
BMC plant biology. 2011;:109
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salt stress hinders the growth of plants and reduces crop production worldwide. However, different plant species might possess different adaptive mechanisms to mitigate salt stress. We conducted a detailed pathway analysis of transcriptional dynamics in the roots of Medicago truncatula seedlings under salt stress and selected a transcription factor gene, MtCBF4, for experimental validation. RESULTS A microarray experiment was conducted using root samples collected 6, 24, and 48 h after application of 180 mM NaCl. Analysis of 11 statistically significant expression profiles revealed different behaviors between primary and secondary metabolism pathways in response to external stress. Secondary metabolism that helps to maintain osmotic balance was induced. One of the highly induced transcription factor genes was successfully cloned, and was named MtCBF4. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MtCBF4, which belongs to the AP2-EREBP transcription factor family, is a novel member of the CBF transcription factor in M. truncatula. MtCBF4 is shown to be a nuclear-localized protein. Expression of MtCBF4 in M. truncatula was induced by most of the abiotic stresses, including salt, drought, cold, and abscisic acid, suggesting crosstalk between these abiotic stresses. Transgenic Arabidopsis over-expressing MtCBF4 enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stress, and activated expression of downstream genes that contain DRE elements. Over-expression of MtCBF4 in M. truncatula also enhanced salt tolerance and induced expression level of corresponding downstream genes. CONCLUSION Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis revealed complex mechanisms exist in plants in response to salt stress. The novel transcription factor gene MtCBF4 identified here played an important role in response to abiotic stresses, indicating that it might be a good candidate gene for genetic improvement to produce stress-tolerant plants.
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A novel salt-tolerant endo-beta-1,4-glucanase Cel5A in Vibrio sp. G21 isolated from mangrove soil.
Gao, Z, Ruan, L, Chen, X, Zhang, Y, Xu, X
Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 2010;(4):1373-82
Abstract
Although cellulases have been isolated from various microorganisms, no functional cellulase gene has been reported in the Vibrio genus until now. In this report, a novel endo-beta-1,4-glucanase gene, cel5A, 1,362 bp in length, was cloned from a newly isolated bacterium, Vibrio sp. G21. The deduced protein of cel5A contains a catalytic domain of glycosyl hydrolase family 5 (GH5), followed by a cellulose binding domain (CBM2). The GH5 domain shows the highest sequence similarity (69%) to the bifunctional beta 1,4-endoglucanase/cellobiohydrolase from Teredinibacter turnerae T7902. The mature Cel5A enzyme was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The optimal pH and temperature of the recombinant enzyme were determined to be 6.5-7.5 and 50 degrees C, respectively. Cel5A was stable over a wide range of pH and retained more than 90% of total activity even after treatment in pH5.5-10.5 for 1 h, indicating high alkali resistance. Moreover, the enzyme was activated after pretreatment with mild alkali, a novel characteristic that has not been previously reported in other cellulases. Cel5A also showed a high level of salt tolerance. Its activity rose to 1.6-fold in 0.5 M NaCl and remained elevated even in 4 M NaCl. Further experimentation demonstrated that the thermostability of Cel5A was improved in 0.4 M NaCl. In addition, Cel5A showed specific activity towards beta-1,4-linkage of amorphous region of lignocellulose, and the main final hydrolysis product of carboxymethylcellulose sodium and cellooligosaccharides was cellobiose. As an alkali-activated and salt-tolerant enzyme, Cel5A is an ideal candidate for further research and industrial applications.
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A facile microdialysis interface for on-line desalting and identification of proteins by nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
Sun, L, Duan, J, Tao, D, Liang, Z, Zhang, W, Zhang, L, Zhang, Y
Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM. 2008;(15):2391-7
Abstract
The adverse effect of salts, especially inorganic salts, on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is one of the most serious obstacles that might limit its application. Among the numerous desalting approaches, the microdialysis technique is favorable for large molecules, such as proteins. In this work, employing a hollow fiber membrane of cellulose acetate (MWCO 3000 Da), a simple, facile and efficient microdialysis interface with the dead volume of less than 1 microL was constructed for the on-line desalting and identification of proteins dissolved in high salt concentration buffer by nano-ESI-MS. Furthermore, with counterflow added, the desalting procedure was accelerated, and could be finished within 1 min. This system was successfully applied to the analysis of myoglobin dissolved in either high concentration ammonium acetate or sodium chloride buffer. The experimental results showed that, by using such a microdialysis interface, the salt concentration, even as high as 1 M, could be decreased by at least 2 orders of magnitude, while sample loss was less than 10%, demonstrating the potential of such an interface in broadening the application of nano-ESI-MS in the analysis of large molecules.