1.
Traditional Chinese medicine combined with pulmonary drug delivery system and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Rationale and therapeutic potential.
Zhang, Y, Lu, P, Qin, H, Zhang, Y, Sun, X, Song, X, Liu, J, Peng, H, Liu, Y, Nwafor, EO, et al
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2021;:111072
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive pulmonary interstitial inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, and is also a sequela in severe patients with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nintedanib and pirfenidone are the only two known drugs which are conditionally recommended for the treatment of IPF by the FDA. However, these drugs pose some adverse side effects such as nausea and diarrhoea during clinical applications. Therefore, it is of great value and significance to identify effective and safe therapeutic drugs to solve the clinical problems associated with intake of western medicine. As a unique medical treatment, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has gradually exerted its advantages in the treatment of IPF worldwide through a multi-level and multi-target approach. Further, to overcome the current clinical problems of oral and injectable intakes of TCM, pulmonary drug delivery system (PDDS) could be designed to reduce the systemic metabolism and adverse reactions of the drug and to improve the bioavailability of drugs. Through PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and CNKI, we retrieved articles published in related fields in recent years, and this paper has summarized twenty-seven Chinese compound prescriptions, ten single TCM, and ten active ingredients for effective prevention and treatment of IPF. We also introduce three kinds of inhaling PDDS, which supports further research of TCM combined with PDDS to treat IPF.
2.
Cardiovascular diseases in American women.
Zhang, Y
Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD. 2010;(6):386-93
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Abstract
AIMS: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major public health issues in women among diverse populations across the world. This article reports current information about the occurrence and risk factors of atherosclerotic CVD in American women. DATA SYNTHESIS The most recent scientific publications from the American Heart Association, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and elsewhere were reviewed with regard to CVD in the US population. We focussed on the atherosclerotic CVD in women, which includes coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure. Prevalence, incidence and mortality of these diseases in women were described. The statistics about CVD on women were compared to men's. Special physiological changes in women and their relationships to CVD were discussed. The major modifiable risk factors were discussed. CONCLUSION About 35% women in the United States have some form of CVD and for men, this number is 37.6%. The CVD incidence for women was close to that of men 10 years younger. The gap narrows with advancing age. Since 1984, the number of CVD deaths for women has exceeded those for men. Women represent 52.6% of CVD deaths, and CVD is the leading cause of death in US women. In both men and women risk factors such as hypertension, high blood cholesterol level, smoking, lack of physical activity and obesity increase the probability of developing CVD. Menopause, oral contraceptive use and bilateral oophorectomy in premenopausal women also affect the risk of CVD in women.