1.
Early lead exposure and childhood adiposity in Mexico city.
Liu, Y, Peterson, KE, Montgomery, K, Sánchez, BN, Zhang, Z, Afeiche, MC, Cantonwine, DE, Ettinger, AS, Cantoral, A, Schnaas, L, et al
International journal of hygiene and environmental health. 2019;(6):965-970
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal and early childhood lead exposures have been associated with reduced weight in infants and young children, while studies that have examined such associations in children during peripubescence are rare. OBJECTIVES We investigated the associations of prenatal and early-life exposure to lead with indices of adiposity in peripubertal children living in Mexico City. METHODS Maternal bone lead (as a proxy for cumulative fetal exposure) was assessed at 1 month postpartum. Blood samples were obtained from children annually from 1 to 4 years. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between each lead biomarker and BMI z-score, waist circumference, sum of skinfolds and body fat percentage in 248 children aged 8-16 years. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, maternal patella lead was associated with lower child BMI z-score (β = -0.02, 95% CI: 0.03, -0.01, p = 0.004), waist circumference (β = -0.12 cm, 95% CI: 0.22, -0.03, p = 0.01), sum of skinfolds (β = -0.29 mm, 95% CI: 0.50, -0.08, p = 0.007) and body fat percentage (β = -0.09%, 95% CI: 0.17, -0.01, p = 0.03). No significant associations were detected from the postnatal exposure period. CONCLUSIONS We observed a significant and inverse association of prenatal lead exposure with body composition in Mexican children, suggesting the potential role of early lead exposure in the fetal programming of child growth. Further research on the biological mechanisms underlying these associations is needed.
2.
Prevention of Polyphenols Against Carcinogenesis Induced by Environmental Carcinogens.
Clementino, M, Shi, X, Zhang, Z
Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology : official organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer. 2017;(1):87-98
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death in humans. Of all cancers, 19% are attributed to exposure to environmental chemical carcinogens. Dietary polyphenols from teas, vegetables, fruits, and many others exhibit multiple activities against cancers. Exposure to environmental carcinogens such as ultraviolet B (UVB), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals has been demonstrated to cause cancer in humans. In this article, we specifically select UVB, PAHs, and metals as representative of three types of environmental carcinogens: physical, organic, and inorganic, respectively. We provide a comprehensive review on the role of various dietary polyphenols against carcinogenesis induced by those three types of carcinogens. We summarize the current knowledge of and prospects for prevention of those three groups of carcinogens induced by dietary polyphenols in vitro and in vivo.