1.
Molecular basis and regulation of pathogenicity and patulin biosynthesis in Penicillium expansum.
Li, B, Chen, Y, Zhang, Z, Qin, G, Chen, T, Tian, S
Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety. 2020;(6):3416-3438
Abstract
Penicillium expansum is a necrotrophic plant pathogen with a wide range of fruit hosts. It causes blue mold rot during fruit storage, transport, and sale, resulting in huge economic losses to the fruit industry. Moreover, this pathogen is also the main producer of patulin, a toxic secondary metabolite that contaminates fruit and fruit-derived products and impairs human health. Therefore, understanding molecular basis of the pathogenicity and patulin biosynthesis of the fungal pathogen has important scientific significance and also plays an important guiding role in the research and development of new control technologies. Here, we comprehensively summarize the recent research progress, particularly regarding the molecular aspects of pathogenicity, patulin biosynthesis, and the related regulatory mechanisms, as well as control technologies for blue mold rot in the fruit industry.
2.
Production, Signaling, and Scavenging Mechanisms of Reactive Oxygen Species in Fruit-Pathogen Interactions.
Wang, Y, Ji, D, Chen, T, Li, B, Zhang, Z, Qin, G, Tian, S
International journal of molecular sciences. 2019;(12)
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in fruit-pathogen interaction, which largely depends on their different levels in cells. Fruit recognition of a pathogen immediately triggers an oxidative burst that is considered an integral part of the fruit defense response. ROS are also necessary for the virulence of pathogenic fungi. However, the accumulation of ROS in cells causes molecular damage and finally leads to cell death. In this review, on the basis of data regarding ROS production and the scavenging systems determining ROS homeostasis, we focus on the role of ROS in fruit defense reactions against pathogens and in fungi pathogenicity during fruit-pathogen interaction.
3.
Enantioselective determination of the chiral pesticide isofenphos-methyl in vegetables, fruits, and soil and its enantioselective degradation in pak choi using HPLC with UV detection.
Gao, B, Zhang, Q, Tian, M, Zhang, Z, Wang, M
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2016;(24):6719-27
Abstract
An enantioselective method for the simultaneous determination of the chiral pesticide isofenphos-methyl in vegetables, fruits, and soil has been established using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The complete enantioseparation was conducted by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with a cellulose-tris-(4-methylbenzoate) chiral stationary phase (CSP) (Lux Cellulose-3). The effects of different mobile phase compositions, temperatures, and flow rates on enantioseparation were also investigated. The experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra indicate that the first peak is (S)-(+)-isofenphos-methyl and the second peak is (R)-(-)-isofenphos-methyl. Alumina-A and Florisil solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns were used to clean up for vegetable, fruit, and soil samples. The mean recoveries of the two enantiomers ranged from 83.2 to 110.9 % with intra-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 3.2 to 10.8 % and inter-day RSDs from 3.6 to 10 %. Good linearity (≥0.9992) was obtained for the two enantiomers in all matrix-matched calibration curves in the range of 0.25 to 20 mg L(-1). The limit of detection for two enantiomers in six matrices was in the range of 0.008 to 0.011 mg kg(-1), and the limit of quantification was estimated to range from 0.027 to 0.037 mg kg(-1). The results indicated that this method was a convenient and dependable approach for the simultaneous determination of isofenphos-methyl enantiomers in food and environmental samples. The stereoselective degradation of isofenphos-methyl in pak choi has shown that the (R)-(-)-isofenphos-methyl isomer (half-life t 1/2 = 2.2 days) degraded faster than the (S)-(+)-isomer (t 1/2 = 1.9 days). Graphical Abstract The enantioselective determination and enantioselective degradation of the chiral pesticide isofenphos-methyl.