-
1.
A cross-sectional study: Associations between sarcopenia and clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Cui, M, Gang, X, Wang, G, Xiao, X, Li, Z, Jiang, Z, Wang, G
Medicine. 2020;99(2):e18708
-
-
-
Free full text
-
Plain language summary
Sarcopenia is characterised by the loss of muscle mass, decrease of muscle strength and decline of physical performance and is related to reduced physical ability, impaired cardiorespiratory function, disability and death in the elderly. Type 2 diabetics are at higher risk of developing sarcopenia. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate clinical characteristics of sarcopenia in elderly type 2 diabetics in the Northeast of China. 132 participants completed the study which was based on self-reported medical and lifestyle history, and clinical evaluations including measurements of weight, height and muscle strength, imaging to establish sarcopenia and blood tests. 28.8% of participants had sarcopenia. Age, increased truncal fat mass and increased free thyroxine increased the risk of sarcopenia, whilst regular exercise, being female, taking metformin, a higher body mass index and increased trunk skeletal mass were associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia. The authors point out that limitations include the small sample size and that, as this is a cross-sectional study, cause and effect cannot be established.
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome and it impairs physical function. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at a higher risk of sarcopenia. The purpose of this study is to explore characteristics of general information and metabolic factors of sarcopenia in patients with T2DM in the northeast of China, and provide information for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in clinical practice.Patients with T2DM aged ≥65 were recruited in Changchun from March 2017 to February 2018. Questionnaires of general information, physical examination, laboratory and imaging examination were conducted. The patients were assigned into sarcopenia group and non-sarcopenia group according to the diagnostic criteria proposed by Asian working group for sarcopenia (AWGS), and the differences between 2 groups were analyzed.A total of 132 participants were included in this study, of which, 38 (28.8%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. 94 (71.2%) were with no sarcopenia. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR: 1.182, 95%CI: 1.038-1.346), trunk fat mass (TFM) (OR: 1.499, 95%CI: 1.146-1.960) and free thyroxine (FT4) (OR: 1.342, 95%CI: 1.102-1.635) were independent risk factors for sarcopenia. BMI (body mass index) (OR: 0.365, 95%CI: 0.236-0.661), exercise (OR: 0.016, 95%CI: 0.001-0.169), female (OR: 0.000, 95%CI: 0.00-0.012), metformin (OR: 0.159, 95%CI: 0.026-0.967) and TSM (trunk skeletal muscle mass) (OR: 0.395, 95%CI: 0.236-0.661) were protective factors for sarcopenia.Sarcopenia in patients with T2DM is associated with increased age, increased TFM and increased FT4 level. Regular exercise, female, metformin administrations, high BMI and increased TSM are associated with lower risk of sarcopenia.
-
2.
Intramyocellular Lipids, Insulin Resistance, and Functional Performance in Patients with Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Chien, MY, Lee, PL, Yu, CW, Wei, SY, Shih, TT
Nature and science of sleep. 2020;12:69-78
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSA) is characterized by repeated occlusion of the upper airway during sleep, resulting in periods of intermittent hypoxemia [low level of oxygen in blood]. The aim of this study was to (a) investigate the intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) and extramyocellular lipids (EMCL), biochemical data, and functional performance in patients with severe OSA versus controls, and (b) examine the correlations between intra-muscular lipid contents and biochemical and performance variables. This study is a clinical trial that recruited 20 patients with OSA and body mass index(BMI)-matched controls. Results demonstrate that patients with OSA had significantly lower IMCL and EMCL values when compared with their age-, and BMI-matched controls without OSA. Furthermore, compared with controls, patients with OSA had significantly reduced functional performance and exhibited abnormal biochemical data, including glucose and insulin levels and lipid profiles. Authors conclude that additional large-scale clinical trials are required to further explore the complex mechanism between OSA, muscle metabolism, and insulin action.
Abstract
PURPOSE An increasing number of studies have linked the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with metabolic dysfunction. However, little is known about the lipid compartments (intramyocellular [IMCL] and extramyocellular [EMCL] lipids) inside the musculature in these patients. The present study was designed to investigate the IMCL and EMCL, biochemical data, and functional performance in patients with severe OSA, and to examine the correlations between intramuscular lipid contents and test variables. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Twenty patients with severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI]: ≥30/h; body mass index [BMI]: 26.05±2.92) and 20 age- and BMI-matched controls (AHI <5/h) were enrolled. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure the IMCL and EMCL of the right vastus lateralis muscle. Biochemical data, including levels of fasting plasma glucose, insulin, lipid profiles, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), were measured. Insulin resistance index (IR) was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment method. Performance tests included a cardiopulmonary exercise test and knee extension strength and endurance measurements. RESULTS Patients with severe OSA had significantly (P<0.05) lower values of IMCL (14.1±5.4 AU) and EMCL (10.3±5.8 AU) compared to the control group (25.2±17.6 AU and 14.3±11.1 AU, respectively). Patients with severe OSA had significantly higher hsCRP, IR, and dyslipidemia compared with controls (all P<0.05). Furthermore, IMCL was negatively correlated with AHI, cumulative time with nocturnal pulse oximetric saturation lower than 90% (TSpO2<90%) (ρ=-0.35, P<0.05), IR (ρ=-0.40, P<0.05), glucose (ρ=-0.33, P<0.05), and insulin (ρ=-0.36, P<0.05), and positively correlated with lowest oximetric saturation (ρ=0.33, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Skeletal muscle dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities were observed in patients with OSA that did not have obesity. IMCL was positively correlated with aerobic capacity and muscular performance, but negatively correlated with AHI and IR. Large-scale clinical trials are required to explore the complicated mechanism among OSA, intramuscular metabolism, and insulin action. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00813852.
-
3.
The Fluid Aspect of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: The Role of Polyphenol Content in Moderate Consumption of Wine and Olive Oil.
Ditano-Vázquez, P, Torres-Peña, JD, Galeano-Valle, F, Pérez-Caballero, AI, Demelo-Rodríguez, P, Lopez-Miranda, J, Katsiki, N, Delgado-Lista, J, Alvarez-Sala-Walther, LA
Nutrients. 2019;11(11)
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
The Mediterranean diet is considered one of the most studied diets in scientific literature and this review specifically looks at two fluid aspects of the MedDiet; olive oil and red wine. Olive oil is rich in phenolic compounds and red wine in polyphenols and the study looks at their therapeutic effect on cardiovascular disease prevention, particularly on lipids, blood pressure, plaque and glucose metabolism. Known mechanisms of the MedDiet include reduction of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, and an improvement in lipid profile and insulin sensitivity. Polyphenols are important antioxidants abundant in plant foods including olives and red grapes used in wine (known to be x10 richer in polyphenols than white wine). The review reports that low to moderate consumption of red wine 30-50g daily lowers risk factors for CVD, improve HDL lipid profile, exerts a beneficial effect on blood pressure (BP), promotes vasodilation thus helping to reduce plaques and finally limited data shows it may beneficially affect insulin resistance. Polyphenols in olives were reported to reduce blood pressure, reduce LDL lipids and increase HDL lipids, support weight loss and help prevent obesity, metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes, reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, and possibility benefit gut microbiota. The review concludes that both fluids exert cardio-protection when consumed in moderation as part of a MedDiet.
Abstract
A growing interest has emerged in the beneficial effects of plant-based diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. The Mediterranean diet, one of the most widely evaluated dietary patterns in scientific literature, includes in its nutrients two fluid foods: olive oil, as the main source of fats, and a low-to-moderate consumption of wine, mainly red, particularly during meals. Current mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet include a reduction in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, improvement in lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, as well as antithrombotic properties. Most of these effects are attributable to bioactive ingredients including polyphenols, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Polyphenols are a heterogeneous group of phytochemicals containing phenol rings. The principal classes of red wine polyphenols include flavonols (quercetin and myricetin), flavanols (catechin and epicatechin), anthocyanin and stilbenes (resveratrol). Olive oil has at least 30 phenolic compounds. Among them, the main are simple phenols (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol), secoroids and lignans. The present narrative review focuses on phenols, part of red wine and virgin olive oil, discussing the evidence of their effects on lipids, blood pressure, atheromatous plaque and glucose metabolism.
-
4.
Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes by Lifestyle Changes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Uusitupa, M, Khan, TA, Viguiliouk, E, Kahleova, H, Rivellese, AA, Hermansen, K, Pfeiffer, A, Thanopoulou, A, Salas-Salvadó, J, Schwab, U, et al
Nutrients. 2019;11(11)
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
With Type 2 Diabetes growing globally this paper analyses whether T2D is preventable with lifestyle measures including diet. Seven RCTs were included for review with a total of 4090 participants, and 2466 incidents of T2D, and were chosen on the basis that the lifestyle interventions included both physical exercise and diet (typically Mediterranean Diet). They found that diet and lifestyle intervention reduced the risk of T2D by 47%. Sustained risk reduction was also found in follow-up studies up to 10 years later with participants maintaining improved blood glucose control. Lifestyle interventions may also reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Weight reduction was considered a cornerstone of preventing T2D and adherence to lifestyle changes a key element in long term prevention. Dietary foods reviewed include processed meats, white rice and sugars which correlated highly with T2D whilst leafy greens, berries, wholegrains, legumes, dietary fibre and yoghurt correlate with a lower risk of T2D. Dietary patterns of skipping breakfast and snacking correlate higher with T2D. Different criteria for evaluating physical activity estimate that it reduces risk factors by 50%. In conclusion there is high evidence that lifestyle factors which optimise diet, increase physical activity and promote weight reduction are preventative factors for T2D and can be sustained long term.
Abstract
Prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a great challenge worldwide. The aim of this evidence synthesis was to summarize the available evidence in order to update the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy. We conducted a systematic review and, where appropriate, meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) carried out in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (six studies) or dysmetabolism (one study) to answer the following questions: What is the evidence that T2D is preventable by lifestyle changes? What is the optimal diet (with a particular focus on diet quality) for prevention, and does the prevention of T2D result in a lower risk of late complications of T2D? The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was applied to assess the certainty of the trial evidence. Altogether seven RCTs (N = 4090) fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The diagnosis of incident diabetes was based on an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The overall risk reduction of T2D by the lifestyle interventions was 0.53 (95% CI 0.41; 0.67). Most of the trials aimed to reduce weight, increase physical activity, and apply a diet relatively low in saturated fat and high in fiber. The PREDIMED trial that did not meet eligibility criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis was used in the final assessment of diet quality. We conclude that T2D is preventable by changing lifestyle and the risk reduction is sustained for many years after the active intervention (high certainty of evidence). Healthy dietary changes based on the current recommendations and the Mediterranean dietary pattern can be recommended for the long-term prevention of diabetes. There is limited or insufficient data to show that prevention of T2D by lifestyle changes results in a lower risk of cardiovascular and microvascular complications.
-
5.
Total and Subtypes of Dietary Fat Intake and Its Association with Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk.
Julibert, A, Bibiloni, MDM, Bouzas, C, Martínez-González, MÁ, Salas-Salvadó, J, Corella, D, Zomeño, MD, Romaguera, D, Vioque, J, Alonso-Gómez, ÁM, et al
Nutrients. 2019;11(7)
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) are becoming a global epidemic and the role of dietary fats is still unclear. The PREDIMED trial is a large study of 6560 Mediterranean men and women, aged 55–75 years old, with overweight/obesity and MetS in which they have tracked all types of dietary fat consumed over a 6-year period to assess the risk factors for CVD. Quality of fat is thought to play an important role in MetS. This study used food questionnaires to measure intake of the following fats: total fat, monounsaturated fatty acids: MUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids: PUFA, saturated fatty acids: SFA, trans-fatty acids: trans-FA, linoleic acid, a-linolenic acid, and w-3 FA). They were able to divide the participants into groups ranging from highest to lowest fat intake and assess the types of foods and fats being consumed. They found that the group with the highest fat intakes ate less carbohydrates, protein and fibre and had a higher risk of hyperglycaemia (high blood glucose levels). The total fats consumed in this group also included high levels of harmful trans-fatty acids so the researchers concluded that the risk is influenced by the combination of nutrients of the food consumed. They also found that participants who consumed high levels of linoleic acid had significantly higher healthy HDL cholesterol levels and those who consumed high levels of saturated fatty acids and omega 3 had significantly less risk of high triglycerides (another cholesterol marker). Overall they recommend further studies into types of dietary fat to help reduce MetS in the population.
Abstract
Background: The effect of dietary fat intake on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and in turn on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear in individuals at high CVD risk. Objective: To assess the association between fat intake and MetS components in an adult Mediterranean population at high CVD risk. Design: Baseline assessment of nutritional adequacy in participants (n = 6560, men and women, 55-75 years old, with overweight/obesity and MetS) in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus randomized trial. Methods: Assessment of fat intake (total fat, monounsatured fatty acids: MUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids: PUFA, saturated fatty acids: SFA, trans-fatty acids: trans-FA, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and ω-3 FA) using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality using 17-item Mediterranean dietary questionnaire and fat quality index (FQI). Results: Participants in the highest quintile of total dietary fat intake showed lower intake of energy, carbohydrates, protein and fiber, but higher intake of PUFA, MUFA, SFA, TFA, LA, ALA and ω-3 FA. Differences in MetS components were found according to fat intake. Odds (5th vs. 1st quintile): hyperglycemia: 1.3-1.6 times higher for total fat, MUFA, SFA and ω-3 FA intake; low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c): 1.2 higher for LA; hypertriglyceridemia: 0.7 lower for SFA and ω-3 FA intake. Conclusions: Dietary fats played different role on MetS components of high CVD risk patients. Dietary fat intake was associated with higher risk of hyperglycemia.
-
6.
Visceral obesity, skeletal muscle mass and resistin in metabolic syndrome development.
Rodríguez-López, CP, González-Torres, MC, Cruz-Bautista, I, Nájera-Medina, O
Nutricion hospitalaria. 2019;36(1):43-50
-
-
Plain language summary
Obesity is a growing public health problem at a national and global level. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is the most bioactive component that is related with the release of inflammatory mediators which gives rise to insulin resistance, mainly local, and subsequently in liver and skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of body components with the concentration of resistin as an inflammatory marker in patients with overweight and obesity. The study is an observational, cross-sectional clinical study which analysed 40 participants with an age range between 18 and 40 years. Results indicate that: - as body mass index and VAT increased, anthropometric measurements, body composition, and biochemical indicators were altered. - persons with obesity and increased VAT had the highest proportions of metabolic syndrome (MS). - an increase in skeletal muscle is related with increased BMI and with the presence of increased VAT. - there was a significant increase in resistin concentration in individuals without MS and increased VAT compared to those without MS and normal VAT. Authors conclude that resistin might be acting as an inflammatory adipocytokine [a bioactive product produced by adipose tissue], contributing to the increase in frequency of MS in those persons who present increased levels of this cytokine.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Background: obesity implies an increase in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), which is a risk factor for various metabolic diseases. VAT releases proinflammatory mediators, like resistin. In addition, it has been noted that the skeletal muscle mass (SMM) is involved in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). Objective: this study was designed to determine the relationship of body components (VAT and SMM) with MS and resistin in patients with obesity. Methods: body composition and anthropometric and biochemical measurements to assess MS, and ELISA tests for resistin were carried out in 40 patients aged 18-40 years. Results: overweight and obesity were observed in 72% of patients; visceral obesity was found in 53% and 35% had MS. A positive correlation between VAT and SMM in patients with MS was detected. In the entire population, an increase of 1 kg of SMM was found to be associated with an increase of 3 cm2 of VAT, and an increase of 4 cm2 of VAT was observed in individuals with MS. According to resistin, people with increased VAT had higher concentration than persons with normal VAT. Furthermore, an increase of 1 cm2 of VAT accounted for a person entertaining a 3.3 fold greater risk of MS for different values of SMM and resistin. Conclusion: the transcendence and significance of VAT as a main factor in triggering the chronic inflammatory process and MS, the SMM and resistin were also related. INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: la obesidad implica un aumento del tejido adiposo visceral (TAV), el cual es un factor de riesgo para varias enfermedades metabólicas. El VAT se relaciona con mediadores proinflamatorios, como la resistina. Además, se ha observado que la masa musculoesquelética (MME) interviene en el desarrollo del síndrome metabólico (SM). Objetivo: este estudio fue diseñado para determinar la relación de la composición corporal (TAV y MME) con el SM y la resistina en pacientes con obesidad. Métodos: se realizaron medidas antropométricas, de composición corporal y bioquímica para determinar el SM y prueba de ELISA para resistina en 40 pacientes de 18 a 40 años de edad. Resultados: se observó sobrepeso y obesidad en el 72% de los participantes, obesidad visceral en el 53% y el 35% presentó SM. Se detectó una correlación positiva entre el TAV y la MME en pacientes con SM. En el grupo de estudio encontramos que un aumento de un 1 kg de MME se asociaba con un incremento de 3 cm2 de TAV y en individuos con SM, con un incremento de 4 cm2 de TAV. En relación con la resistina, las personas con TAV incrementado presentan concentraciones más altas que las personas con TAV normal. Además, se observó que un aumento de 1 cm2 de TAV representa un riesgo 3,3 veces mayor que para las personas de padecer SM para diferentes valores de MME y de resistina. Conclusión: además de la trascendencia y la importancia del TAV como factor principal para desencadenar el proceso inflamatorio crónico y el SM, se observó que la MME y la resistina también están relacionadas.
-
7.
Associations of Meal Timing and Frequency with Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Adults.
Ha, K, Song, Y
Nutrients. 2019;11(10)
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
The timing of food intake appears to affect the robustness of circadian rhythms in metabolic organs, and circadian rhythm disruption is emerging as a new risk factor for cardiovascular disease. As major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, obesity and metabolic syndrome are critical worldwide issues. In Korea, 3 in 10 adults have obesity or the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to explore meal timing and frequency using various variables, including nightly fasting duration and specific time periods such as morning and night, and to examine their associations with obesity and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults using national survey data. The study used data from the 2013–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), which is a continuous annual survey conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Results indicated that a greater number of eating episodes was associated with lower prevalence of metabolic abnormalities in men. Furthermore, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was inversely associated with morning eating in both men and women, whereas it was positively associated with night eating in men. Authors conclude that having desirable eating patterns, including eating in the morning and avoiding eating after 21:00, and an appropriate sleep schedule may be helpful for reducing the risks of obesity and metabolic syndrome, independently of fasting duration.
Abstract
Emerging studies indicate that meal timing is linked to cardiometabolic risks by deterioration of circadian rhythms, however limited evidence is available in humans. This large-scale cross-sectional study explored the associations of meal timing and frequency with obesity and metabolic syndrome among Korean adults. Meal timing was defined as nightly fasting duration and morning, evening, and night eating, and meal frequency was estimated as the number of daily eating episodes using a single-day 24-hour dietary recall method. Meal frequency was inversely associated with prevalence of abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, and elevated triglycerides in men only. Independent of the nightly fasting duration and eating episodes, morning eating was associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio (OR), 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.57-0.93 for men and OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.54-0.89 for women) than no morning eating, whereas night eating was associated with a 48% higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.15-1.90) than no night eating in men only. Longer fasting duration and less sleep were associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. These findings suggest that overall eating patterns, including energy distribution across the day, eating frequency, and sleep duration, rather than fasting duration alone, are related to cardiometabolic risks in free-living Korean adults.
-
8.
The Effect of a Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Intervention on Obesity Status, Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Children and Adolescents with Obesity.
Seo, YG, Lim, H, Kim, Y, Ju, YS, Lee, HJ, Jang, HB, Park, SI, Park, KH
Nutrients. 2019;11(1)
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
Children and adolescents with obesity are at a high risk of being obese in adulthood. The aim of this study was to develop a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention program targeted at children and adolescents with moderate to severe obesity. The study is based on the Intervention for Childhood and Adolescents Obesity via Activity and Nutrition (ICAAN) – quasi-experimental intervention trial - which recruited 103 participants aged between 6 and sixteen years (63 were boys and 40 girls). The study was based on 2 active treatment groups (usual care group vs exercise group) receiving a 16-week intervention program. Results indicate that children and adolescents with obesity can achieve positive effects on body composition, physical fitness, and cardiometabolic markers, particularly with the exercise intervention. Authors conclude that the moderate-intensity multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention program they developed, can be sustained in the real-world setting and it is applicable to both moderate and severe obesity.
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention program targeted at children and adolescents with moderate to severe obesity, and assess the additional effects of exercise intervention when compared to usual care. Overall, the 103 enrolled participants were ≥85th percentile of age and sex-specific body mass index (BMI). Participants were divided into groups that received 16 weeks of either usual care or exercise intervention. The BMI z-score of the overall completers decreased by about 0.05 after the 16-week intervention (p = 0.02). After the intervention, only the exercise group had a significantly lower BMI z-score than the baseline score by about 0.1 (p = 0.03), but no significant group by time interaction effects were observed. At the 16-week follow-up, significant group by time interaction effects were observed in percentage body fat (%BF) (β = -1.52, 95%CI = -2.58⁻-0.45), lean body mass (LM) (β = 1.20, 95%CI = 0.12⁻2.29), diastolic blood pressure (β = -5.24, 95%CI = -9.66⁻-0.83), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (β = -1.67, 95%CI = -2.77⁻-1.01), and wall sit test score (β = 50.74, 95%CI = 32.30⁻69.18). We developed a moderate-intensity intervention program that can be sustained in the real-world setting and is practically applicable to both moderate and severe obesity. After interventions, the exercise group had lower %BF and cardiometabolic risk markers, and higher LM and leg muscle strength compared to the usual care group.
-
9.
Gender Differences with Dose⁻Response Relationship between Serum Selenium Levels and Metabolic Syndrome-A Case-Control Study.
Lu, CW, Chang, HH, Yang, KC, Chiang, CH, Yao, CA, Huang, KC
Nutrients. 2019;11(2)
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
Selenium (Se) is an antioxidative micronutrient that activates Se-containing proteins known as selenoproteins. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between serum Se level and metabolic syndrome including each metabolic factor. A secondary aim was to find a correlation between obesity, insulin resistance, and gender. The study is a case control study based on the comparison of Se levels between patients with and without metabolic syndrome. The study enrolled a total of 1165 ambulatory males or females, aged more than 40 years. Results showed a positive association between serum Se level and the risk of metabolic syndrome. Also, the serum Se concentration was positively associated with a number of metabolic factors following a dose–response relationship. Authors conclude that gender stratification analyses clearly highlighted the gender differences in insulin resistance, adiposity, and lipid metabolism.
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the association between selenium and metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to explore the associations between the serum selenium level and metabolic syndrome as well as examining each metabolic factor. In this case-control study, the participants were 1165 adults aged ≥40 (65.8 ± 10.0) years. Serum selenium was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The associations between serum selenium and metabolic syndrome were examined by multivariate logistic regression analyses. The least square means were computed by general linear models to compare the serum selenium levels in relation to the number of metabolic factors. The mean serum selenium concentration was 96.34 ± 25.90 μg/L, and it was positively correlated with waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in women, but it was only correlated with fasting glucose and HOMA-IR in men. After adjustment, the odds ratios (ORs) of having metabolic syndrome increased with the selenium quartile groups (p for trend: <0.05), especially in women. The study demonstrated that the serum selenium levels were positively associated with metabolic syndrome following a non-linear dose⁻response trend. Selenium concentration was positively associated with insulin resistance in men and women, but it was associated with adiposity and lipid metabolism in women. The mechanism behind this warrants further confirmation.
-
10.
The Effect of Gluten Free Diet on Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Ehteshami, M, Shakerhosseini, R, Sedaghat, F, Hedayati, M, Eini-Zinab, H, Hekmatdoost, A
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP. 2018;19(10):2979-2984
-
-
-
Free full text
Plain language summary
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions related to cardiovascular disorders risk factors such as blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, excess body fat around the waist and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a gluten-free diet on components of metabolic syndrome in patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. The study is a randomised control trial that recruited fifty subjects diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Subjects were block randomised by gender into control and gluten-free diet groups. Results showed that a gluten-free diet induces significant reduction in waist circumference in comparison to control diet. Reduction in waist circumference without significant reduction in body weight may indicate preferential loss of abdominal fat. Furthermore, results indicate that a gluten-free diet improved glucose tolerance. Authors conclude that a gluten-free diet significantly improved some key features of metabolic syndrome including blood glucose and serum triglycerides.
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the effects of Gluten free diet (GFD) on components of metabolic syndrome (MES). Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 50 subjects diagnosed with MES were randomly divided into two groups (n=25). The first group received a GFD and the second group continued their regular diet. Biochemical markers of MES and blood pressure were measured before and after 8-week intervention. Results: Forty five subjects completed the study. A post-hoc comparison of the groups showed no effects of the GFD and control diet on LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. The GFD reduced fasting blood glucose, waist circumference (WC) and serum triglyceride concentration significantly compared with the control diet (p<0.05). Conclusion: Short-term GFD reduced WC and improved glycemic control and Triglyceride level in subjects with the metabolic syndrome.