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1.
The effect of metformin and myoinositol on metabolic outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: role of body mass and adiponectin in a randomized controlled trial.
Soldat-Stanković, V, Popović-Pejičić, S, Stanković, S, Prtina, A, Malešević, G, Bjekić-Macut, J, Livadas, S, Ognjanović, S, Mastorakos, G, Micić, D, et al
Journal of endocrinological investigation. 2022;(3):583-595
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effects of insulin sensitizers metformin (MET) and myo-inositol (MI) on adiponectin levels and metabolic characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with respect to their body mass index (BMI). METHODS In this open label, parallel randomized clinical trial, 66 women with PCOS (33 normal-weight and 33 overweight/obese) were randomized to either MI (4 g/day) or MET (1500 mg/day) for a period of 6 months. Serum concentration of adiponectin, hormonal and metabolic laboratory outcomes and clinical assessment of BMI, body composition and Ferriman-Gallwey score (FG score) were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS After the 6-month intervention, comparison between MET and MI in time to treatment analysis showed no significant differences between the two treatments for all analyzed parameters. Only borderline significantly lower AUC glucose was found in the MET group in comparison to the MI group (p = 0.071). The main effect of treatment was shown for glucose concentration at 120 min OGTT (p = 0.032) and testosterone (p = 0.002). The main effect of time was shown for body mass (p = 0.004), waist circumference (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.003), body fat mass (p = 0.001), adiponectin (p = 0.020), fasting glucose (p = 0.001), testosterone (p = 0.015), SHBG (p = 0.013), 17OH progesterone (p = 0.008), LH (p = 0.004) and estradiol (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Our study showed similar effects of MET and MI on BMI, body composition, hormonal profile, metabolism of glucose and insulin, and adiponectin level. The two insulin sensitizers, MET and MI, were useful in reducing BMI and improving body composition without significant differences between the two treatments in PCOS women. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN13199265. Trial registration date: 14.04.2021. (ISRCTN Registry), retrospectively registered.
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2.
Nutritional factors influencing plasma adiponectin levels: results from a randomised controlled study with whole-grain cereals.
Polito, R, Costabile, G, Nigro, E, Giacco, R, Vetrani, C, Anniballi, G, Luongo, D, Riccardi, G, Daniele, A, Annuzzi, G
International journal of food sciences and nutrition. 2020;(4):509-515
Abstract
Data from intervention studies about the effects of a high intake of whole-grain cereals on adiponectin expression are still inconclusive. We evaluated the effects of whole-grain or refined cereals on fasting and postprandial serum adiponectin in people at high cardiovascular risk. According to a randomised controlled parallel group design, participants with metabolic syndrome were assigned to an isoenergetic diet based on either whole-grain cereal (WGC) or refined cereal (RC) products for 12-weeks. Anthropometric and biochemical measures were taken. Compared to baseline, fasting and postprandial serum adiponectin levels increased after both RC and WGC. In the WGC and RC groups combined, adiponectin concentrations significantly increased after 12-week intervention, and are directly associated with plasma SCFAs and acetate. Only increasing whole-grain cereals may not influence adiponectin levels, which could be modified by a fibre rich, low-fat, low-glycemic index diet, possibly through changes in gut microbiota, as suggested by the relation with SCFAs.Clinical Trials number: NCT00945854.
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3.
Even Short-Term Telmisartan Treatment Ameliorated Insulin Resistance But Had No Influence on Serum Adiponectin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Levels in Hypertensive Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.
Kiyici, S, Guclu, M, Budak, F, Sigirli, D, Tuncel, E
Metabolic syndrome and related disorders. 2019;(3):167-172
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the effect of short-term telmisartan usage in addition to lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise on insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, and serum adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS A total of 36 hypertensive patients with MetS were randomized to telmisartan and control groups in an open-labeled prospective study. RESULTS There were significant decreases in anthropometric variables of patients according to baseline measurements in both groups at the end of the study. Serum insulin level and insulin resistance assessed by homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance were decreased significantly in the telmisartan group (P = 0.040 and P = 0.034, respectively) compared with the controls, while there was no statistically significant change in the lipid profiles of the two groups. Serum adiponectin level was increased by 19.1% ± 41.7% in the telmisartan group, but intergroup analysis revealed no significant change. There was also no significant change in serum TNF-α level in either group. CONCLUSION It has been observed that even short-term telmisartan treatment had favorable effects on insulin resistance and glucose metabolism compared with lifestyle changes alone. The fundamental effect of telmisartan treatment on insulin resistance renders it a good therapeutic option for hypertensive patients with MetS.
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4.
Cinnamon improves metabolic factors without detectable effects on adiponectin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Borzoei, A, Rafraf, M, Asghari-Jafarabadi, M
Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition. 2018;(3):556-563
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of cinnamon supplementation on glycemic indices, serum lipids and adiponectin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 84 overweight or obese PCOS patients. Subjects in cinnamon (n=42) and placebo (n=42) groups were given 3 cinnamon capsules (each one contained 500 mg cinnamon) or placebo daily for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements and dietary intake data were collected at the baseline and at the end of the trial. Data were analyzed by independent t test, paired t test and analysis of covariance. RESULTS Cinnamon significantly decreased serum fasting blood glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and weight and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with placebo (all p<0.05). Serum triglyceride and body mass index significantly decreased in the cinnamon group, in comparison with baseline values (p=0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). No significant changes were seen in serum adiponectin in either group. CONCLUSIONS Short term supplementation of cinnamon had some favourable effects on metabolic risk factors of women with PCOS and may be useful in management of PCOS complications.
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5.
Effects of Quercetin on Adiponectin-Mediated Insulin Sensitivity in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial.
Rezvan, N, Moini, A, Janani, L, Mohammad, K, Saedisomeolia, A, Nourbakhsh, M, Gorgani-Firuzjaee, S, Mazaherioun, M, Hosseinzadeh-Attar, MJ
Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme. 2017;(2):115-121
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous, multi-causal, and genetically complex disorder, which is related to the failure in endocrine glands. Adiponectin has been reported to be low in PCOS, even in the absence of adiposity. Quercetin reduces serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels and increases the expression and secretion of adiponectin. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of quercetin on the adiponectin-mediated insulin sensitivity in PCOS patients. Eighty-four women with PCOS were selected and randomly assigned to 2 groups of treatment and control. The treatment group received 1 g quercetin (two 500 mg capsules) daily for 12 weeks, and the control group received placebo. In addition to anthropometric assessments, fasting serum levels of total adiponectin, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, glucose, insulin, testosterone, LH, and SHBG were also measured at the baseline and at the end of the trial. Quercetin could slightly increase the level of adiponectin by 5.56% as compared to placebo (adjusted p-value=0.001) and HMW adiponectin by 3.9% as compared to placebo (adjusted p-value=0.017), while it reduced the level of testosterone (0.71 ng/dl in quercetin vs. 0.77 ng/dl in placebo; p<0.001) and LH (8.42 IU/l in quercetin vs. 8.68 IU/l in placebo; p=0.009). HOMA-IR levels were also significantly (p<0.001) lower in quercetin (1.84) group compared to placebo group (2.21). Oral quercetin supplementation was effective in improving the adiponectin-mediated insulin resistance and hormonal profile of women with PCOS.
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Homeostasis Model Assessment-Adiponectin: the role of different types of physical exercise in obese adolescents.
da Silveira Campos, RM, Landi Masquio, DC, Campos Corgosinho, F, de Lima Sanches, P, de Piano, A, Carnier, J, Leão da Silva, P, Grotti Clemente, AP, de Castro Ferreira Vicente, SE, Oyama, LM, et al
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2017;(6):831-838
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homeostasis Model Assessment-Adiponectin (HOMA-AD) is suggesting a new biomarker of insulin resistance in obese population. In this way, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different kinds of exercise in the sensitive index predictor of insulin resistance. METHODS A total of 148 obese adolescents were enrolled in the program. They aged 15-19 y, with Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥P95th and were submitted to 1 year of interdisciplinary weight loss therapy, randomized in two groups, aerobic training (AT) (N.=51) and aerobic plus resistance training (N.=97). Blood samples were collected to analyze adiponectin, glucose and insulin concentrations. The insulin resistance was measured by HOMA-AD and Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Both kinds of exercise training promoted a decrease in body mass, body mass index, fat mass, visceral and subcutaneous fat. However, only aerobic plus resistance training was effective to reduce HOMA-AD, insulin and glucose concentration; and increase insulin sensibility and adiponectin concentration. CONCLUSIONS The aerobic plus resistance training was more effective than AT alone to improve the HOMA-AD, suggesting clinical application on obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome control in the pediatric population.
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Association of Adiponectin with Adolescent Cardiovascular Health in a Dietary Intervention Study.
Jaakkola, JM, Pahkala, K, Viitala, M, Rönnemaa, T, Viikari, J, Niinikoski, H, Lagström, H, Jula, A, Simell, O, Raitakari, O
The Journal of pediatrics. 2015;(2):353-60.e1
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether an infancy-onset, low saturated fat-oriented dietary intervention influences serum adiponectin concentration in adolescents, and to study the association of adiponectin with subclinical markers of vascular health, and cardio-metabolic risk factors. STUDY DESIGN The longitudinal, randomized Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project aimed to modify child's dietary fat quality replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat. Serum adiponectin (n = 521) along with weight, height, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), triglycerides, and insulin were measured at age 15 years. Adiposity was assessed using body mass index, waist circumference, and abdominal fat thickness measured with ultrasound. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to International Diabetes Foundation criteria. Vascular ultrasound measures including carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were assessed. RESULTS Adiponectin concentrations were similar in the intervention and control groups (P = .16). Adiponectin associated with carotid IMT (r = -0.13, P = .005), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.18, P < .0001), triglycerides (r = -0.16, P = .0004), CRP (r = -0.10, P = .02), insulin (r = -0.14, P = .002), and adiposity (r = -0.18-0.24, P ≤ .0001). When adjusted for adiposity indices, the association with carotid IMT was only marginally diluted (P = .03-.06), but the associations with insulin and CRP became nonsignificant. Adolescents with adiponectin ≤median had 4-fold risk of metabolic syndrome than peers with adiponectin >median (CI 1.8-10.2, P = .0001). CONCLUSIONS In healthy adolescents, low serum adiponectin is related with carotid IMT and metabolic syndrome. We found no evidence that repeated low saturated fat-oriented dietary counseling would influence serum adiponectin in adolescence. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00223600.
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Association of serum C1q/TNF-Related Protein-9 (CTRP9) concentration with visceral adiposity and metabolic syndrome in humans.
Hwang, YC, Woo Oh, S, Park, SW, Park, CY
International journal of obesity (2005). 2014;(9):1207-12
Abstract
BACKGROUND C1q/TNF-Related Protein (CTRP) family members are novel adipokines that have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, glucose-regulating and vascular effects. However, the metabolic effects of CTRP9 remain unclear in humans. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to investigate whether serum CTRP9 concentrations are associated with glucose tolerance, metabolic parameters and abdominal fat accumulation. In addition, the authors investigated whether the aforementioned effects of CTRP9 are independent of serum adiponectin levels. METHODS A total of 221 subjects (140 men and 81 women), 25-72 years of age (mean age 46.0 years), were randomly selected from two different study populations. The normal glucose tolerance group (n=120) was selected from one study population and the prediabetes/type 2 diabetes group (n=101) was selected from the other study population. Serum CTRP9, total adiponectin concentrations and abdominal fat via computed tomography scan were measured in all subjects. RESULTS Subjects in the lower serum CTRP9 tertile were older, had metabolically unhealthy profiles and had lower serum total adiponectin levels when compared with subjects in the middle or upper serum CTRP9 tertiles. In addition, serum CTRP9 concentration were inversely correlated with age, blood pressure, fasting glucose, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (all P<0.01) and positively correlated with serum total adiponectin levels (P=0.03). In terms of abdominal fat accumulation, serum CTRP9 concentrations were inversely correlated with visceral fat amount (P<0.01), but no correlation was observed with subcutaneous fat amount. Finally, serum CTRP9 was inversely associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome, independent of age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, total cholesterol, visceral fat and serum total adiponectin concentrations (odds ratio per 1 s.d. 0.47; 95% confidence interval 0.32-0.70; P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Serum CTRP9 concentrations were positively associated with favorable glucose or metabolic phenotypes and absence of metabolic syndrome, independent of serum total adiponectin concentrations.
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An acute intake of a walnut-enriched meal improves postprandial adiponectin response in healthy young adults.
Lozano, A, Perez-Martinez, P, Marin, C, Tinahones, FJ, Delgado-Lista, J, Cruz-Teno, C, Gomez-Luna, P, Rodriguez-Cantalejo, F, Perez-Jimenez, F, Lopez-Miranda, J
Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.). 2013;(12):1012-8
Abstract
A deficit in adiponectin plays an important causal role in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. We hypothesized that as seen during the fasting state, the intake of a walnut-enriched meal increased postprandial adiponectin. Twenty-one healthy white men followed a 4-week baseline diet and then consumed 3 fat-loaded meals that included 1 g fat/kg body weight (65% fat) according to a randomized crossover design: olive oil-enriched meal (22% saturated fatty acids [SFA], 38% monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFA], 4% polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA]), butter-enriched meal (35% SFA, 22% MUFA, 4% PUFA), and walnut-enriched meal (20% SFA, 24% MUFA, 16% PUFA, and 4% α-linolenic acid). Leptin, resistin, adiponectin, and free fatty acids were determined at 0, 3, 6, and 8.5 hours after the fat load. After the walnut-enriched meal, plasma adiponectin concentrations were higher at 3 and 6 hours (P = .011, P = .046, respectively) compared with the butter-enriched meal and higher at 6 hours compared with the olive oil-enriched meal (P = .036). Free fatty acid levels decreased from baseline at 3 hours after the walnut-enriched meal (P = .001). No differences were observed between the 3 meals for leptin and resistin responses. Our data confirmed a beneficial profile in the postprandial response to walnuts, source of omega-3 PUFA with an increased postprandial adiponectin and lower postprandial free fatty acid responses. These findings suggest that the postprandial state is important for understanding the possible cardioprotective effects associated with omega-3 PUFA dietary fat.
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10.
Hypovitaminosis D associations with adverse metabolic parameters are accentuated in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a body mass index-independent role of adiponectin?
Al-Daghri, NM, Al-Attas, OS, Alokail, MS, Alkharfy, KM, Al-Othman, A, Draz, HM, Yakout, SM, Al-Saleh, Y, Al-Yousef, M, Sabico, S, et al
Journal of endocrinological investigation. 2013;(1):1-6
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypovitaminosis D has been associated with an increased prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) and metabolic syndrome manifestations. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OH-VitD) levels and indices of insulin resistance (IR), including adipocytokines, in a Saudi population with or without DMT2. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 266 subjects (153 DMT2 and 113 healthy controls) aged 26-80 yr were randomly selected from the existing Biomarkers Screening in Riyadh Program (RIYADH Cohort). Subjects were assessed clinically, anthropometry was performed, morning blood chemistries, including fasting glucose (FG), triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and HDL cholesterol were obtained. Homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) was calculated, and serum 25-OH-VitD, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, insulin, high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), and tumor necrosis factor α concentrations were measured using specific assays. RESULTS In DMT2 subjects, negative correlations between 25-OH-vitD and body mass index (BMI), FG, insulin, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, LDL-C, and hsCRP were observed, while a positive correlation between 25-OH-VitD and adiponectin was detected. The later remained significant after controlling for BMI. Interestingly, only weak and nonsignificant associations between 25-OH-VitD and metabolic parameters were observed in the control group, whereas, when the entire population was examined, negative correlations were evident primarily between 25-OH-VitD and FG, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, LDL-C. These associations remained significant after controlling for BMI. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that hypovitaminosis D associations with metabolic disturbances are accentuated in DMT2. The BMIindependent positive correlation between 25-OH-VitD and adiponectin suggests a potential role for this adipocytokine as a link between 25-OH-VitD and IR in patients with DMT2.