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1.
The Role of Vitamin C in Two Distinct Physiological States: Physical Activity and Sleep.
Otocka-Kmiecik, A, Król, A
Nutrients. 2020;(12)
Abstract
This paper is a literature overview of the complex relationship between vitamin C and two opposing physiological states, physical activity and sleep. The evidence suggests a clinically important bidirectional association between these two phenomena mediated by different physiological mechanisms. With this in mind, and knowing that both states share a connection with oxidative stress, we discuss the existing body of evidence to answer the question of whether vitamin C supplementation can be beneficial in the context of sleep health and key aspects of physical activity, such as performance, metabolic changes, and antioxidant function. We analyze the effect of ascorbic acid on the main sleep components, sleep duration and quality, focusing on the most common disorders: insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and restless legs syndrome. Deeper understanding of those interactions has implications for both public health and clinical practice.
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2.
A Double-Blind, Cross-Over Study to Examine the Effects of Maritime Pine Extract on Exercise Performance and Postexercise Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Muscle Soreness, and Damage.
Aldret, RL, Bellar, D
Journal of dietary supplements. 2020;(3):309-320
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine whether 14 days of supplementation with maritime pine extract leading up to and following an exercise test would increase performance and reduce biomarkers associated with muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The study used a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Twenty apparently healthy young male participants ingested either 800 mg pine bark extract or placebo for 14 days prior to the first exercise trial and for 2 days postexercise. On the exercise day, participants submitted a pre-exercise blood sample then completed a VO2 peak test until volitional failure. A postexercise blood sample was collected 1 hour after completion of exercise. Participants returned at 24 and 48 hours after the exercise testing for measures of muscle pain in the lower body using an algometer. Participants then had a 7-day washout period before beginning to cross over to the alternate treatment. Analysis via ordinal regression demonstrated a significant difference in oxidative stress in the maritime pine extract group compared to placebo (ChiSq = 2.63; p = 0.045). Maritime pine extract was effective at affording protection from oxidative stress postexercise. Further work should be undertaken to evaluate the findings with other exercise modes or in participants with known metabolic syndrome.
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3.
Effects of oral administration of common antioxidant supplements on the energy metabolism of red blood cells. Attenuation of oxidative stress-induced changes in Rett syndrome erythrocytes by CoQ10.
Di Pierro, D, Ciaccio, C, Sbardella, D, Tundo, GR, Bernardini, R, Curatolo, P, Galasso, C, Pironi, V, Coletta, M, Marini, S
Molecular and cellular biochemistry. 2020;(1-2):101-113
Abstract
Nutritional supplements are traditionally employed for overall health and for managing some health conditions, although controversies are found concerning the role of antioxidants-mediated benefits in vivo. Consistently with its critical role in systemic redox buffering, red blood cell (RBC) is recognized as a biologically relevant target to investigate the effects of oxidative stress. In RBC, reduction of the ATP levels and adenylate energy charge brings to disturbance in intracellular redox status. In the present work, several popular antioxidant supplements were orally administrated to healthy adults and examined for their ability to induce changes on the energy metabolism and oxidative status in RBC. Fifteen volunteers (3 per group) were treated for 30 days per os with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (1 g green tea extract containing 50% EGCG), resveratrol (325 mg), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) (300 mg), vitamin C (1 g), and vitamin E (400 U.I.). Changes in the cellular levels of high-energy compounds (i.e., ATP and its catabolites, NAD and GTP), GSH, GSSG, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were simultaneously analyzed by ion-pairing HPLC. Response to oxidative stress was further investigated through the oxygen radical absorptive capacity (ORAC) assay. According to our experimental approach, (i) CoQ10 appeared to be the most effective antioxidant inducing a high increase in ATP/ADP, ATP/AMP, GSH/GSSG ratio and ORAC value and, in turn, a reduction of NAD concentration, (ii) EGCG modestly modulated the intracellular energy charge potential, while (iii) Vitamin E, vitamin C, and resveratrol exhibited very weak effects. Given that, the antioxidant potential of CoQ10 was additionally assessed in a pilot study which considered individuals suffering from Rett syndrome (RTT), a severe X-linked neuro-developmental disorder in which RBC oxidative damages provide biological markers for redox imbalance and chronic hypoxemia. RTT patients (n = 11), with the typical clinical form, were supplemented for 12 months with CoQ10 (300 mg, once daily). Level of lipid peroxidation (MDA production) and energy state of RBCs were analyzed at 2 and 12 months. Our data suggest that CoQ10 may significantly attenuate the oxidative stress-induced damage in RTT erythrocytes.
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4.
Status of Serum Copper, Magnesium, and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Kanafchian, M, Esmaeilzadeh, S, Mahjoub, S, Rahsepar, M, Ghasemi, M
Biological trace element research. 2020;(1):111-117
Abstract
This study evaluates serum copper and magnesium and total antioxidant capacity levels in PCOS patients. In this regard, the probable association of copper and magnesium with total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was investigated. In total, 150 women (60 PCOS patients and 90 healthy subjects) participated in this case-control study. PCOS was diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria (2003). Serum Cu, Mg, Ca, TAC, insulin levels, and insulin resistance indices were determined. Insulin was measured using ELISA methods. Serum Cu and Mg levels were measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the Xylidyl Blue method respectively. The correlations between the parameters were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. Serum Cu level was significantly higher while TAC was significantly lower in the PCOS patients than those in the controls (p = 0.019 and p = 0.002 respectively). No significant difference was detected between the two groups in terms of serum Mg and Ca levels and Ca/Mg ratio. In insulin-resistant PCOS subjects, there was a negative correlation between Mg levels and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (r = - 0.449, p = 0.006) but a positive correlation between Mg levels and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (r = 0.480, p = 0.003). A negative correlation also existed between Mg levels and TAC in non-insulin-resistant PCOS patients (r = - 0.407, p = 0.04). According to the results, copper and magnesium seem to contribute to oxidative stress and insulin resistance in PCOS patients. Therefore, to prevent long-term metabolic complications in PCOS women, it is recommended that these elements be routinely monitored. Also, significantly lower levels of serum TAC in PCOS patients than in normal women may suggest increased oxidative stress in such patients.
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5.
The Effect of Curcumin on Serum Copper and Zinc and Zn/Cu Ratio in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial.
Safarian, H, Parizadeh, SMR, Saberi-Karimain, M, Darroudi, S, Javandoost, A, Mohammadi, F, Moammeri, M, Ferns, GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan, M, Mohebati, M
Journal of dietary supplements. 2019;(6):625-634
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder with high socioeconomic costs and a high global prevalence. The serum concentrations of some trace elements are higher in people with metabolic syndrome compared to normal individuals. Curcumin is derived from turmeric and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Curcumin may therefore have a potential role in the management of cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on serum copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and Zn/Cu ratio levels in patients with metabolic syndrome. A double-blind clinical trial was designed in which 120 individuals with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to one of three groups: curcumin 1gr/day, phospholipidated curcumin 1gr/day, or a placebo, each taken for 6 weeks. Serum copper and zinc were measured before and after intervention. At baseline, in addition to obtaining the anthropometric characteristics of participants, a fasting blood sample was taken from each participant, and the concentrations of serum Cu and Zn were measured by atomic absorption (Varian AA 240 FS model). Serum Zn concentrations rose significantly in the phospholipidated curcumin and curcumin groups, being significantly higher (p <.001) in the phospholipidated curcumin group than in the curcumin group (p <.05). Serum Zn concentration fell in the control group (p <.05). Changes in serum Zn level from baseline to the levels after six weeks' intervention were significantly different between the groups, but changes in serum Cu from between baseline until after intervention were not significantly different. The serum Zn/Cu level in phospholipidated curcumin and curcumin groups after intervention was higher than for the control group, but it was more significant in the group taking phospholipidated curcumin (p <.001). Curcumin and phospholipidated curcumin complex, given at a dose of 1 g per day for six weeks, were associated with an increase in serum zinc and consequently zinc-to-copper ratio.
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6.
The effect of soy nut on serum total antioxidant, endothelial function and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Sedaghat, A, Shahbazian, H, Rezazadeh, A, Haidari, F, Jahanshahi, A, Mahmoud Latifi, S, Shirbeigi, E
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2019;(2):1387-1391
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes has a high spread and growing process. Using appropriate food diets is among therapeutic approaches has been applied for diabetic patients. Soya utilization has shown effective results in controlling metabolic abnormalities of these patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of soy nut on glycemic conditions, blood pressure, lipid profile, antioxidant effects and vascular endothelial function of these patients. METHODS 70 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups of the test (35 people) and control (35 people). The patients in the intervention group were subjected to 60 g soy nut diet as a part of daily protein for 8 weeks and the control group under the usual diet of diabetes. The fasting glucose, blood pressure, lipid profile, brachial blood flow, the level of serum E-Selectin and total antioxidant capacity in control and test group were assessed before and after diet. RESULTS Consuming 60 g soy nut for 8 weeks significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose (P = 0.03), total serum cholesterol (P < 0.01), LDL-c (P = 0.01), and E-Selectin (P < 0.01) and increased the capacity of serum total antioxidants (P < 0.01), brachial blood flow (P < 0.01) but didn't have any significant effect on systolic/diastolic blood pressure, HDL-c, and TG. CONCLUSION Soy nut utilization in the patients with type-2 diabetes can significantly improve the glycemic condition, increase brachial blood flow, decrease E-selectin (improvement of endothelial function), increase serum total antioxidants and lipid profile but has no significant effect on blood pressure and HDL-c.
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7.
Current treatment options for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Shetty, A, Syn, WK
Current opinion in gastroenterology. 2019;(3):168-176
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of liver disease in the United States and is strongly associated to the metabolic syndrome. In this review, we will discuss the evidence behind the current recommendations on lifestyle modifications and available treatment options for NAFLD. RECENT FINDINGS The unrelenting rise in obesity and diabetes epidemic has led to a large healthcare burden from NAFLD and it is projected to continue to grow over the next two decades. Lifestyle modification that leads to weight loss is effective at treating NAFLD, but these modifications require a multidisciplinary approach for success in the real world. Multiple pharmacologic treatment options have been studied with promising results, but none have been approved for treatment in the United States. Clinical trials are on-going to study further pharmacologic treatment alternatives. SUMMARY NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disease in United States, and an independent risk factor for mortality. Implementation of lifestyle modifications through a multidisciplinary approach and careful selection of patients for pharmacologic interventions will be essential for successful management of NAFLD.
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8.
Glutathione depleting drugs, antioxidants and intestinal calcium absorption.
Moine, L, Rivoira, M, Díaz de Barboza, G, Pérez, A, Tolosa de Talamoni, N
World journal of gastroenterology. 2018;(44):4979-4988
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide that constitutes one of the main intracellular reducing compounds. The normal content of GSH in the intestine is essential to optimize the intestinal Ca2+ absorption. The use of GSH depleting drugs such as DL-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine, menadione or vitamin K3, sodium deoxycholate or diets enriched in fructose, which induce several features of the metabolic syndrome, produce inhibition of the intestinal Ca2+ absorption. The GSH depleting drugs switch the redox state towards an oxidant condition provoking oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation, which lead to apoptosis and/or autophagy of the enterocytes. Either the transcellular Ca2+ transport or the paracellular Ca2+ route are altered by GSH depleting drugs. The gene and/or protein expression of transporters involved in the transcellular Ca2+ pathway are decreased. The flavonoids quercetin and naringin highly abrogate the inhibition of intestinal Ca2+ absorption, not only by restoration of the GSH levels in the intestine but also by their anti-apoptotic properties. Ursodeoxycholic acid, melatonin and glutamine also block the inhibition of Ca2+ transport caused by GSH depleting drugs. The use of any of these antioxidants to ameliorate the intestinal Ca2+ absorption under oxidant conditions associated with different pathologies in humans requires more investigation with regards to the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of them.
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9.
Relationship between serum levels of oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome components.
Abbasian, M, Delvarianzadeh, M, Ebrahimi, H, Khosravi, F, Nourozi, P
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2018;(4):497-500
Abstract
AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) with number of metabolic syndrome (Mets) components on the personnel working in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 167 personnel aged 30-60 years old. ATP III criteria were used to diagnose patients with MetS. Oxidative stress indicators were measured. The data was analyzed via one-way ANOVA, and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. RESULTS The result showed that TAC had a significant positive correlation with HDL and a significant negative correlation with abdominal obesity. In addition, there was a significant positive association between the level of MDA and age, BMI, abdominal obesity, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and LDL; however, it had a negative significant correlation with HDL. CONCLUSIONS The measurement of TAC and MDA biomarkers can increase the early diagnosis of patients at risk of developing Mets.
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10.
Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect of Tai chi exercise training in older adults with metabolic syndrome.
Mendoza-Núñez, VM, Arista-Ugalde, TL, Rosado-Pérez, J, Ruiz-Ramos, M, Santiago-Osorio, E
Clinical interventions in aging. 2018;:523-531
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Tai chi (TC) exercise training in healthy older adults has been demonstrated. However, there are no studies on this effect in older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of TC exercise on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in older adults with MetS. METHODS A quasi-experimental study was carried out with a sample of 110 older sedentary volunteers with clinical diagnoses of MetS: (i) a control group, n = 50, of individuals who do not participate in physical exercise, of which 37 fulfilled the entire study protocol, and (ii) an experimental group, n = 60, of subjects enrolled in a TC exercise training program (eight-form easy), 5 days a week for 6 months, in sessions of 50 min, under the supervision of a qualified instructor, of which 48 fulfilled the entire study protocol. We measured in both groups (pre- and post-intervention) the following cardiovascular parameters: resting heart rate (RHR), diastolic and systolic blood pressure (DBP and SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), RHR-SBP product, RHR-MAP product; glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c); oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant status, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, and oxidative stress score); and inflammation markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10). RESULTS A statistically significant decrease in HbA1c concentration was observed in the TC group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). This group also showed a statistically significant increase in TAS and a decrease in the oxidative stress score (p < 0.05). We did not observe changes in the cardiovascular parameters (RHR, DBP, SBP, MAP, RHR-SBP product, and RHR-MAP product) in the TC experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the practice of TC exercise has an antioxidative and hypoglycemic effect in the elderly with MetS.