1.
The Effectiveness of a Bioactive Food Compound in the Lipid Control of Individuals with HIV/AIDS.
Dos Santos Ferreira, R, de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães, R, Jardim Cury Pontes, ER, Aragão do Nascimento, V, Aiko Hiane, P
Nutrients. 2016;(10)
Abstract
Cardiovascular events due to decompensated lipid metabolism are commonly found in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients using anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the effect of a bioactive food compound (BFC) containing functional foods on individuals with HIV undergoing HAART. Particularly, this study aims to verify the clinical outcome in the change of the lipid profile due to the use of this compound. This study includes 115 individuals with HIV on HAART. All patients received dietary guidelines; however, sixty-one consumed BFC while fifty-one did not (NO BFC). Biochemical examinations and socio-demographic and clinical profiles were evaluated. As result, in patients using hypolipidemic and/or hypoglycemic drugs, there was 28.6% decrease in triglyceride levels (p < 0.001) in the NO BFC group, and 18.3% reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p < 0.001) in the BFC group. In patients who did not use hypolipidemic and/or hypoglycemic drugs in the NO BFC group, there was 30.6% increase in triglycerides, 11.3% total cholesterol and 15.3% LDL-C levels (p < 0.001) while for the BFC group there was 4.5% reduction in total cholesterol (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study evidenced that the dietary intervention containing BFC positively affected in lipid control, since these HIV/AIDS patients using HAART are more vulnerable to lipid disorders.
2.
The HIV-1/HAART associated metabolic syndrome - novel adipokines, molecular associations and therapeutic implications.
Tsiodras, S, Perelas, A, Wanke, C, Mantzoros, CS
The Journal of infection. 2010;(2):101-13
Abstract
The use of highly active anti-retroviral therapy has been associated with effects on various metabolic and morphological parameters that are underlied by significant hormonal and cytokine changes. Novel adipokines may have a role in the pathogenesis of these changes. In fact, leptin deficiency and hypoadiponectinemia correlate with lipoatrophy and central fat accumulation respectively whereas hypoadiponectinemia also appears to be associated with insulin resistance and lipid disorders. Preliminary evidence from proof-of-concept studies suggests that administration of recombinant leptin in replacement doses and/or administration of medications that increase adiponectin levels may improve the HIV-1/HAART associated metabolic syndrome (HAMS). Immune effects of hypoleptinemia and hypoadiponectinemia might have a role in the evolution of the HAMS that need to be further elucidated. The role for resistin in relation to HAMS is controversial and further investigation is necessary. A potential role of other novel cytokines like visfatin, retinol-binding protein-4, apelin, acylation stimulating protein, omentin and vaspin needs to be further elucidated.
3.
Vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected individuals: one more risk factor for bone loss and cardiovascular disease?
Conrado, T, Miranda-Filho, Dde B, Bandeira, F
Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia. 2010;(2):118-22
Abstract
The epidemiological profile of the HIV virus has undergone substantial modifications with advances in antiretroviral therapy. There has been a sharp decline in morbi-mortality levels of HIV-infected patients, which has resulted in higher survival rates. The HIV seropositive population is living longer and more exposed to chronic complications caused by the disease itself and the prolonged use of antiretrovirals. Initially, metabolic alterations were reported, increasing cardiovascular disease risk. Subsequently, damage on bone metabolism was related. Vitamin D insufficiency has now reached epidemic proportions, even in healthy individuals living in the tropics. Recent data suggest the hypovitaminosis D association with metabolic syndrome, immune diseases, diabetes and hypertension. Little is known regarding the effects of HIV/Aids and its treatment on the metabolism of vitamin D. In HIV-positive patients, factors linked to the virus itself and the use of antiretrovirals may be added to the other causes of hypovitaminosis D.