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Green cardamom supplementation improves serum irisin, glucose indices, and lipid profiles in overweight or obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Daneshi-Maskooni, M, Keshavarz, SA, Qorbani, M, Mansouri, S, Alavian, SM, Badri-Fariman, M, Jazayeri-Tehrani, SA, Sotoudeh, G
BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2019;(1):59
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the reported health effects of cardamom on dyslipidemia, hepatomegaly, and fasting hyperglycemia, no human research has studied its potency in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the hepatic part of metabolic syndrome. Our aim was determining the effects of green cardamom (GC) on serum glucose indices, lipids, and irisin level among overweight or obese NAFLD patients. METHODS The place of participant recruitment was the polyclinic of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) central hospital in Tehran. Based on the ultrasonography and eligibility criteria, 87 participants were randomly divided into two groups as cardamom (n = 43) or placebo (n = 44). The supplementation was two 500 mg capsules 3 times/day with meals for 3 months. Serum irisin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin (FBI), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were measured. Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were also calculated. RESULTS In comparison with placebo, GC significantly increased irisin, HDL-c, and QUICKI and decreased FBI, TG, LDL-c, HOMA-IR, and the grade of fatty liver (P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounders, the changes were similar (P < 0.05) with an exception for LDL-c which had a trend (P = 0.07). The differences in FBS, TC, and body mass index (BMI) were not significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION GC supplement improved the grade of fatty liver, serum glucose indices, lipids, and irisin level among overweight or obese NAFLD patients. The changes in these biomarkers may yield beneficial effects on NAFLD. Further trials on the efficacy of GC for clinical practice are suggested. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT2015121317254N4 . Registered 27/12/2015.
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Effect of Breaks in Prolonged Sitting or Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Markers of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults With Excess Body Fat: A Crossover Trial.
Freire, YA, Macêdo, GAD, Browne, RAV, Farias-Junior, LF, Bezerra, ÁDL, Fayh, APT, Farias Júnior, JC, Boreskie, KF, Duhamel, TA, Costa, EC
Journal of physical activity & health. 2019;(9):727-735
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study analyzed the effect of walking breaks or low-volume high-intensity interval exercise (LV-HIIE) on markers of metabolic syndrome relative to a day of prolonged sitting. METHODS Twenty-five adults with excess body fat participated in this crossover trial: (1) 10-hour sitting day (SIT), (2) LV-HIIE followed by a sitting day (EX+SIT), and (3) sitting day with 5-minute walking breaks for every 20 minutes (SIT+WB). Glucose and blood pressure (BP) were measured before and 1 hour after 4 meals and 2 hours after lunch. Triglycerides were measured at baseline, 2, and 3.5 hours after lunch. Generalized mixed models were used to identify differences in the area under the curve (AUC) of BP and incremental AUC (iAUC) of glucose and triglycerides among the sessions. RESULTS iAUC-glucose was lower in SIT+WB than SIT (β = -35.3 mg/dL·10 h; 95% confidence interval, -52.5 to -8.2). AUC-diastolic BP was lower in SIT+WB than SIT (β = -14.1 mm Hg·10 h; 95% confidence interval, -26.5 to -1.6) and EX+SIT (β = -14.5 mm Hg·10 h; 95% confidence interval, -26.9 to -2.1). There were no differences in triglycerides and systolic BP levels among the sessions. CONCLUSION Adults with excess body fat present lower glucose and diastolic BP during a day with breaks in sitting time compared with a prolonged sitting day with or without an LV-HIIE session.
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Effect of synbiotic pomegranate juice on glycemic, sex hormone profile and anthropometric indices in PCOS: A randomized, triple blind, controlled trial.
Esmaeilinezhad, Z, Babajafari, S, Sohrabi, Z, Eskandari, MH, Amooee, S, Barati-Boldaji, R
Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD. 2019;(2):201-208
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is a common reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic disease in women. Pomegranate juice, known as a rich source of phytochemicals with high antioxidant activity, enriched with probiotic may improve PCOS. METHODS AND RESULTS A randomized, controlled, triple-blinded, parallel trial study was performed in PCOS patients (n = 92). Three treatment groups (23 patients each) received 2 L of synbiotic pomegranate juice (SPJ), pomegranate juice (PJ), and synbiotic beverage (SB) weekly. The control group (23 patients) received 2 L of placebo beverage weekly. Primary outcome was any change in insulin resistance and secondary outcomes were fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin sensitivity, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, from baseline to the end of the trial. At the end of the study, 86 patients were analyzed. There was significant change in insulin resistance in the SPJ and SB groups. Insulin sensitivity increased significantly in the SPJ and SB groups. Insulin also changed significantly in the SPJ and SB groups. BMI, weight and waist circumference decreased significantly in the SPJ and SB groups. Testosterone level also decreased significantly in the SPJ and SB groups. There was no significant change in FPG, LH and FSH in any of the groups. CONCLUSION SPJ in the form of a new beverage can improve insulin resistance, insulin, testosterone level, BMI, weight and waist circumference in PCOS. This trial was registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, with number: 25272.
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Kuntai capsules improve glucolipid metabolism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Liang, R, Liu, Z, Li, P, Fan, P, Xu, L, Sun, X, Peng, J, Peng, X, Zhang, M
Medicine. 2019;(39):e16788
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to observe the effect and safety of Heyan Kuntai Capsule (HYKT) on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS Hundred patients with PCOS were randomly divided into HYKT group (n = 50) and placebo groups (n = 50) in which the individuals were treated with HYKT and its placebo continuously for 6 months. Meanwhile, all participants received health education (such as exercise and diet). The primary outcomes were serum sex hormone levels, a series of blood lipid, fasting and postprandial 2 hours blood glucose. Body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and insulin-sensitive index (ISI) were also observed. In addition, adverse events were recorded to evaluate the drug safety. RESULTS After treatment, the BMI and WHR of all the patients were decreased. The fasting and postprandial 2 hours blood glucose levels were significantly declined when treated with HYKT, which were not observed in the placebo group. Similarly, serum sex hormones including luteinizing hormone (LH), LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone were lowered after treated with HYKT instead of the placebo. Besides, blood lipids outcomes such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as insulin and HOMA-IR were decreased with significance in HYKT group when compared with those in the placebo group, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and ISI increased obviously. CONCLUSION HYKT showed the effect on ameliorating the glucose and lipid metabolism disorder and improving insulin resistance and increase insulin sensitivity of PCOS patients, which is similar to insulin sensitizing agent.
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A pre-meal of whey proteins induces differential effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in subjects with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised cross-over trial.
Bjørnshave, A, Holst, JJ, Hermansen, K
European journal of nutrition. 2019;(2):755-764
Abstract
PURPOSE Postprandial lipaemia (PPL), an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is affected by composition and timing of meals. We evaluated if whey proteins (WP) consumed as a pre-meal before a fat-rich meal reduce postprandial triglyceride (TG) and apolipoprotein B-48 (ApoB-48) responses in subjects with the metabolic syndrome (MeS). METHODS An acute, randomised, cross-over trial was conducted. 20 subjects with MeS consumed a pre-meal of 0, 10 or 20 g WP 15 min prior to a fat-rich meal. The responses of TG and ApoB-48 were assessed. We also analysed postprandial responses of free fatty acids (FFA), glucose, insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and paracetamol (reflecting gastric emptying rates). RESULTS WP pre-meal did not alter the TG or ApoB-48 responses. In contrast, the insulin response was more pronounced after a pre-meal of 20 g WP than with 10 g WP (P = 0.0005) and placebo (P < 0.0001). Likewise, the postprandial glucagon response was greater with a pre-meal of 20 g WP than with 10 g WP (P < 0.0001) and 0 g WP (P < 0.0001). A pre-meal with 20 g of WP generated lower glucose (P = 0.0148) and S-paracetamol responses (P = 0.0003) and a higher GLP-1 response (P = 0.0086) than placebo. However, the pre-meal did not influence responses of GIP, FFA or appetite assessed by a Visual Analog Scale. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of a WP pre-meal prior to a fat-rich meal did not affect TG and chylomicron responses. In contrast, the WP pre-meal stimulates insulin and glucagon secretion and reduces blood glucose as expected, and delays gastric emptying. Consequently, our study points to a differential impact of a WP pre-meal on lipid and glucose metabolism to a fat-rich meal in subjects with MeS.
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Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Serum Values of Gamma-glutamyl transferase, Pseudocholinesterase, Bilirubin, Ferritin, and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Women with Type 2 Diabetes.
Gholami, M, Rezvanfar, MR, Delavar, M, Abdollahi, M, Khosrowbeygi, A
Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association. 2019;(5):311-319
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease associated with increased oxidative stress which results from mitochondrial dysfunction. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential antioxidant for energy production in mitochondria. The purpose of this randomized double-blind clinical trial study was to evaluate the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on serum values of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), pseudocholinesterase (PchE), bilirubin, ferritin, and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and metabolic syndrome biomarkers in women with T2DM. MATERIAL & METHODS Eighty women with T2DM enrolled in this study. Thirty six of them were randomized in the drug group (receiving 100 mg/day of CoQ10) and 44 women were randomized in placebo group. Intervention was continued for 12 weeks. In both groups 35 subjects finished the study and were included in the analysis. Serum levels of the variables were measured before and after supplementation. RESULTS Serum values of FBS (P=0.039), HOMA-IR (P=0.01), ferritin (P<0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (P=0.006), LDL-C (P=0.007) decreased and HDL-C (P=0.02) increased significantly in the drug group after intervention. Serum levels of triglyceride (P=0.09) decreased marginally in CoQ10 group. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study had shown that after supplementation with 100 mg/day of CoQ10 for 12 weeks, serum values of FBS, HOMA-IR, TC, LDL-C and ferritin were decreased and values of HDL-C were increased in women with T2DM.
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Effects of green coffee extract supplementation on anthropometric indices, glycaemic control, blood pressure, lipid profile, insulin resistance and appetite in patients with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised clinical trial.
Roshan, H, Nikpayam, O, Sedaghat, M, Sohrab, G
The British journal of nutrition. 2018;(3):250-258
Abstract
This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of decaffeinated green coffee bean extract (GCE) on anthropometric indices, glycaemic control, blood pressure, lipid profile, insulin resistance and appetite in patients with the metabolic syndrome (Mets). Subjects were randomly allocated to consume 400 mg GCE or placebo capsules twice per d for 8 weeks. Both groups were advised to follow an energy balanced diet. After GCE supplementation, systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly reduced compared with the placebo group (-13·76 (sd 8·48) v. -6·56 (sd 9·58) mmHg, P=0·01). Also, GCE treatment significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBS) (-5·15 (sd 60·22) v. 29·42 (sd 40·01) mg/dl (-0·28 (SD 3·34) v. 1·63 (SD 2·22) mmol/l); P=0·03) and homoeostatic model of assessment of insulin resistance in comparison to placebo (-1·41 (sd 3·33) v. 1·23 (sd 3·84), P=0·02). In addition, waist circumference (-2·40 (sd 2·54) v. -0·66 (sd 1·17) cm, P=0·009) and appetite score (-1·44 (sd 1·72) v. -0·2 (sd 1·32), P=0·01) of the individuals supplemented with GCE indicated a significant decline. Besides, weight and BMI reduction in the intervention group was almost twice as much as the placebo group; however, this discrepancy was marginally significant (weight: -2·08 (sd 2·11) v. -0·92 (sd 1·30) kg, P=0·05). No difference was observed in terms of glycated Hb (HbA1c) percentage and lipid profile parameters between the two groups. To sum up, GCE administration had an ameliorating effect on some of the Mets components such as high SBP, high FBS and Mets main aetiological factors including insulin resistance and abdominal obesity. Furthermore, GCE supplementation could reduce appetite level.
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Comparison of the effects of flaxseed oil and sunflower seed oil consumption on serum glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, and lipid peroxidation in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Akrami, A, Nikaein, F, Babajafari, S, Faghih, S, Yarmohammadi, H
Journal of clinical lipidology. 2018;(1):70-77
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) increases the risk of type II diabetes and morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Flaxseed oil (FO), as a functional food, is one of the major vegetal sources of essential omega-3 fatty acids. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the effects of consumption of FO and sunflower seed oil (SO) on lipid peroxidation and other symptoms of MetSyn. METHODS This randomized controlled interventional trial was conducted on 60 volunteers aged 30 to 60 years who were diagnosed with MetSyn in Shiraz, Iran. The participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to SO (n = 30, receiving 25 mL/d SO) and FO (n = 30, receiving 25 ml/d FO) groups using block randomization. The diets were identical for all the participants. Blood pressure (BP), serum lipid, fasting blood sugar, and malondialdehyde were measured at baseline and at the end of week 7. RESULT The results showed no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding blood lipid levels and fasting blood sugar at the end of the study. However, significant reductions in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (5.6% in FO and 10.8% in SO), and triglyceride levels were seen within each group after treatment with FO and SO (P < .05). Nonetheless, between-group changes were significant (<0.05) for systolic BP (mean [±standard deviation {SD}] changes were -14.0 ± 22.41 in the FO group [P = .004] and 0.92 ± 8.70 in the SO group [P = .594]) and diastolic BP (mean [±SD] changes were -4.26 ± 7.44 in the FO group [P = .007] and 1.30 ± 6.91 in the SO group [P = .344]), but marginally significant (P = .053) for malondialdehyde level (mean [±SD] changes were -1.29 ± 1.48 in the FO group [P < .001] and -0.52 ± 1.34 in the SO group [P = .52]). A significant decrease in weight was also found in both groups. However, waist circumference decreased significantly only in the FO group at the end of the study (P < .05). CONCLUSION Our results indicated that dietary FO could be effective in amelioration of some symptoms of MetSyn and decrease BP and lipid peroxidation.
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The Influences of Chromium Supplementation on Glycemic Control, Markers of Cardio-Metabolic Risk, and Oxidative Stress in Infertile Polycystic ovary Syndrome Women Candidate for In vitro Fertilization: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Jamilian, M, Zadeh Modarres, S, Amiri Siavashani, M, Karimi, M, Mafi, A, Ostadmohammadi, V, Asemi, Z
Biological trace element research. 2018;(1):48-55
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of chromium intake on glycemic control, markers of cardio-metabolic risk, and oxidative stress in infertile polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women candidate for in vitro fertilization (IVF). This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was done among 40 subjects with infertile PCOS candidate for IVF, aged 18-40 years old. Individuals were randomly allocated into two groups to take either 200 μg/day of chromium (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) for 8 weeks. Biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline and at end-of-trial. Compared with the placebo, taking chromium supplements led to significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose (- 2.3 ± 5.7 vs. + 0.9 ± 3.1 mg/dL, P = 0.03), insulin levels (- 1.4 ± 2.1 vs. + 0.4 ± 1.7 μIU/mL, P = 0.004), homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (- 0.3 ± 0.5 vs. + 0.1 ± 0.4, P = 0.005), and a significant increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+ 0.004 ± 0.008 vs. - 0.001 ± 0.008, P = 0.03). In addition, chromium supplementation significantly decreased serum triglycerides (- 19.2 ± 33.8 vs. + 8.3 ± 21.7 mg/dL, P = 0.004), VLDL- (- 3.8 ± 6.8 vs. + 1.7 ± 4.3 mg/dL, P = 0.004) and total cholesterol concentrations (- 15.3 ± 26.2 vs. - 0.6 ± 15.9 mg/dL, P = 0.03) compared with the placebo. Additionally, taking chromium supplements was associated with a significant increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity (+ 153.9 ± 46.1 vs. - 7.8 ± 43.9 mmol/L, P < 0.001) and a significant reduction in malondialdehyde values (-0.3 ± 0.3 vs. + 0.1 ± 0.2 μmol/L, P = 0.001) compared with the placebo. Overall, our study supported that chromium administration for 8 weeks to infertile PCOS women candidate for IVF had beneficial impacts on glycemic control, few variables of cardio-metabolic risk, and oxidative stress.
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Effects of synbiotic supplementation on metabolic parameters and apelin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
Karimi, E, Moini, A, Yaseri, M, Shirzad, N, Sepidarkish, M, Hossein-Boroujerdi, M, Hosseinzadeh-Attar, MJ
The British journal of nutrition. 2018;(4):398-406
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of infertility in women of reproductive age. Insulin resistance is a main pathophysiologic feature in these patients. According to some studies, the intake of probiotic bacteria may improve glucose homoeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of synbiotics on metabolic parameters and apelin in PCOS patients. This randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted on eighty-eight PCOS women aged 19-37 years old. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups receiving (1) synbiotic supplement (n 44), and (2) placebo (n 44) for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks. The two groups showed no difference in fasting blood sugar (adjusted mean difference: 0·60; 95 % CI -3·80, 5·00, P=0·727), plasma glucose fasting 2-h (adjusted mean difference 2·09; 95 % CI -9·96, 14·15, P=0·134), HbA1c (adjusted mean difference 0·06; 95 % CI -0·09, 0·22, P=0·959), homoeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (adjusted mean difference: 0·02; 95 % CI -0·99, 1·03, P=0·837), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (adjusted mean difference: -0·02; 95 % CI -0·33, 0·29, P=0·940) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (adjusted mean difference: 0·24; 95 % CI -1·61, 2·08, P=0·141) by the end of the intervention. A significant difference was observed in the mean apelin 36 before and after the intervention between synbiotic and placebo groups (adjusted mean difference: -4·05; 95 % CI -7·15, -0·96, P=0·004). A 12-week synbiotic supplementation has no significant beneficial effects on HOMA-IR and CRP in PCOS patients, whereas the level of apelin 36 significantly decreased.