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1.
Effect of Breaks in Prolonged Sitting or Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Markers of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults With Excess Body Fat: A Crossover Trial.
Freire, YA, Macêdo, GAD, Browne, RAV, Farias-Junior, LF, Bezerra, ÁDL, Fayh, APT, Farias Júnior, JC, Boreskie, KF, Duhamel, TA, Costa, EC
Journal of physical activity & health. 2019;(9):727-735
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study analyzed the effect of walking breaks or low-volume high-intensity interval exercise (LV-HIIE) on markers of metabolic syndrome relative to a day of prolonged sitting. METHODS Twenty-five adults with excess body fat participated in this crossover trial: (1) 10-hour sitting day (SIT), (2) LV-HIIE followed by a sitting day (EX+SIT), and (3) sitting day with 5-minute walking breaks for every 20 minutes (SIT+WB). Glucose and blood pressure (BP) were measured before and 1 hour after 4 meals and 2 hours after lunch. Triglycerides were measured at baseline, 2, and 3.5 hours after lunch. Generalized mixed models were used to identify differences in the area under the curve (AUC) of BP and incremental AUC (iAUC) of glucose and triglycerides among the sessions. RESULTS iAUC-glucose was lower in SIT+WB than SIT (β = -35.3 mg/dL·10 h; 95% confidence interval, -52.5 to -8.2). AUC-diastolic BP was lower in SIT+WB than SIT (β = -14.1 mm Hg·10 h; 95% confidence interval, -26.5 to -1.6) and EX+SIT (β = -14.5 mm Hg·10 h; 95% confidence interval, -26.9 to -2.1). There were no differences in triglycerides and systolic BP levels among the sessions. CONCLUSION Adults with excess body fat present lower glucose and diastolic BP during a day with breaks in sitting time compared with a prolonged sitting day with or without an LV-HIIE session.
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2.
Combination therapy with lercanidipine and enalapril reduced central blood pressure augmentation in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome.
Ghiadoni, L, Bruno, RM, Cartoni, G, Stea, F, Magagna, A, Virdis, A, Grassi, D, Ferri, C, Taddei, S
Vascular pharmacology. 2017;:16-21
Abstract
Arterial stiffness and blood pressure (BP) augmentation are independent predictors of cardiovascular events. In a randomized, open, parallel group study we compared the effect on these parameters of combination therapy with an ACE-inhibitor plus calcium channel blocker or thiazide diuretic in 76 hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome uncontrolled by ACE-inhibitor monotherapy. After 4weeks run-in with enalapril (ENA, 20mg), patients were randomized to a combination therapy with lercanidipine (LER, 10-20mg) or hydrochlorothiazide (HCT, 12.5-25mg) for 24weeks. Aortic stiffness (carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity, PWV), central BP values and augmentation (augmentation index, AIx) were measured by applanation tonometry. The two groups showed similar office and central BP after run-in. Office (ENA/LER: from 149.1±4.9/94.5±1.5 to 131.7±8.1/82.2±5.3; ENA/HCT: from 150.3±4.7/94.7±2.1 to 133.1±7.1/82.8±5.3mmHg) and central BP (ENA/LER 127.4±17.1/85.2±12.1 to 120.5±13.5/80.0±9.5mmHg; ENA/HCT 121.6±13.4/79.3±9.5mmHg) were similarly reduced after 24weeks. PWV was comparable after run-in and not differently reduced by the two treatments (ENA/LER from 8.6±1.5 to 8.1±1.3m/s, p<0.05; ENA/HCT from 8.5±1.2 to 8.2±1.0m/s, p<0.05). Finally, both combinations reduced AIx, but its reduction was significantly greater (p<0.05) in ENA/LER (from 26.8±10.9 to 20.6±9.1%) than in ENA/HCT arm (from 28.2±9.0 to 24.7±8.7%). In conclusion, the combination with LER caused a similar PWV reduction as compared to HCT, but a greater reduction in AIx in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome not controlled by ENA alone. These results indicate a positive effect of the combination of ENA/LER on central BP augmentation, suggesting a potential additive role for cardiovascular protection.
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3.
One month of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improves lipid profiles, glucose levels and blood pressure in overweight schoolchildren with metabolic syndrome.
García-López, S, Villanueva Arriaga, RE, Nájera Medina, O, Rodríguez López, CP, Figueroa-Valverde, L, Cervera, EG, Muñozcano Skidmore, O, Rosas-Nexticapa, M
Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM. 2016;(10):1143-1150
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to investigate the effects of omega (ω)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on the lipid profiles and glucose (GLU) levels of overweight (OW) schoolchildren with metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS Thirty-nine OW schoolchildren with MS, including 19 girls and 20 boys, received 1-month of dietary supplementation with gel capsules containing ω-3 fatty acids. Fasting lipid profiles and GLU levels were measured before and after supplementation. RESULTS Both sexes of OW schoolchildren with MS who received daily supplementation with 2.4 g of ω-3 fatty acids for 1 month displayed improved lipid profiles, reduced fasting GLU levels and reduced blood pressure (BP). CONCLUSIONS These findings support the addition of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation to programs aiming to improve the metabolic status of OW children with MS, although additional research on the longer-term safety and efficacy of this treatment in this population is required.
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4.
Body Weight Reduction Results in Favorable Changes in Blood Pressure, Serum Lipids, and Blood Sugar in Middle-Aged Japanese Persons: A 5-Year Interval Observational Study of 26,824 Cases.
Mandai, N, Akazawa, K, Hara, N, Ide, Y, Ide, K, Dazai, U, Chishaki, A, Chishaki, H
Global journal of health science. 2015;(5):159-70
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the relationships between body weight (BWt) and metabolic syndrome (MS) risk factors to elucidate the effect of BWt (?BWt) change and body mass index (BMI) on these factors in the Japanese population. METHODS Data were collected on MS-related parameters measured during two annual examinations of 16,640 men (mean age: 41.7±11.6 years) and 10,184 women (mean age: 45.0±12.2 years) without prior treatment of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia in 2006 and 2011 in Fukuoka, Japan. The subjects were divided into three groups according to BMI in 2006 (low, middle and high BMI) and into three groups according to change in BMI between 2006 and 2011 (decreased, stable, and increased BMI). Mean values for blood pressure (BP), systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) for each group were determined by sex and subjected to statistical analysis for comparison. RESULTS High BMI (>26) was associated with higher SBP, LDL-C, FBG, and TG in both sexes. An increase≥1.1 BMI units in 5 years was associated with increased DBP, LDL-C, TG, HbA1c, and FBG and decreased HDL-C. In contrast, decreased BMI was associated with decreased BP and LDL-C and increased HDL-C in both sexes, and decreased TG in men and FBG in women. CONCLUSIONS Maintaining a desirable weight or losing weight may help prevent hypertension and MS, even in non-obese individuals.
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5.
Palatinose-blended sugar compared with sucrose: different effects on insulin sensitivity after 12 weeks supplementation in sedentary adults.
Okuno, M, Kim, MK, Mizu, M, Mori, M, Mori, H, Yamori, Y
International journal of food sciences and nutrition. 2010;(6):643-51
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the effects of daily palatinose intake on the risk factors of metabolic syndrome in sedentary non-obese Japanese adults. METHODS Japanese adults (40 females and 10 males, age: 53 +/- 9 years, range: 31-72 years old) were randomized into two groups for a double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study and given either 40 g/day palatinose-blended sugar (PS group) or 40 g/day sucrose (S group) in their diet for 12 weeks. RESULTS After the intervention, the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) had significantly decreased only in the PS group; the inter-group difference was significant at P = 0.006. Although the S group showed a significant increase in the leptin concentration and the systolic blood pressure, the PS group showed no significant changes; the inter-group differences were significant at P = 0.018 and P = 0.037, respectively. CONCLUSION Palatinose intake possibly improves insulin sensitivity when compared with sucrose intake.
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6.
[Clinical efficacy study on calming liver and restraining Yang formula in treating patients with mild or moderate degree of essential hypertension].
Zhong, G, Luo, Y, Xiang, L, Xie, Y, Xie, Q, Li, Y, Zhang, C
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2010;(6):776-81
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the therapeutic effect of calming the liver and restraining the Yang formula in treating patients with mild or moderate degree of essential hypertension (syndrome of hyperactivity of liver-Yang), and to explore its mechanism in lowering blood pressure. METHOD The 348 patients with EH of stage I , II were randomly divided into two groups, the 174 patients in the treated group were treated with the calming the liver and restraining the Yang formula, and the 174 patients in the control group were treated with amlodipine. The treatment course for them all was 12 weeks. The related clincial symptoms score and quality of life score estimated before and after treatment at 4th week, 8th week and 12th week were observed. Before and after treatment, the ambulatory blood pressure (AMBP), heart rate, blood lipid, serum livels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), Angiotensin-II (Ang II) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were measured respectively in 40 patients of the treared group and 40 patients of the control group. RESULT After treatment, the treatment in the treated group showed an effect better than that in the control group in terms of nigh-time blood pressure reducing rate (P < 0.05). The reducing blood pressure variability and total effective rate in the treated group were no significant than that in the control group. In respect of reducing symptomatic scores on dizzy, soreness and weakness of the waist and knees, disturbed and dry and bitter of mouth, ameliorating quality of life score, decreasing the levels of heart rate, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) in the treated group were showing marked improvement as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.1). The improvement in the level of Ang II , Hs-CRP and CGRP before treatment in two groups were more significant than that after treatment (P < 0.05). However There were no difference in after treatment between the treated group and the control group. CONCLUSION The calming the liver and restraining the Yang formula shows favorable efficacy in lowering blood pressure on the patients with mild or moderate degree of essential hypertension. It can reduce the clincial symptoms, improve the quality of life, regulate blood lipid metabolism. Its mechanism may be related to the functional relieving inflammatory reaction and inhibition the activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).
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7.
Comparison of the effects of telmisartan and olmesartan on home blood pressure, glucose, and lipid profiles in patients with hypertension, chronic heart failure, and metabolic syndrome.
Sasaki, T, Noda, Y, Yasuoka, Y, Irino, H, Abe, H, Adachi, H, Hattori, S, Kitada, H, Morisawa, D, Miyatake, K
Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension. 2008;(5):921-9
Abstract
We compared the effects of telmisartan and olmesartan in 20 patients with chronic heart failure and metabolic syndrome. The subjects underwent once-daily 40 mg telmisartan for at least 3 months before switching to once-daily 20 mg olmesartan for the next 3 months (post 1). They were then treated with 3 months of once-daily 40 mg telmisartan (post 2). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the early morning, plasma B-type natriuretic peptide, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were increased at post 1 (p < 0.005, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.005 vs. baseline, respectively) before returning to their baseline values at post 2. The changes in plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels correlated significantly with the shifts in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the early morning at posts 1 and 2. Meanwhile, there were no fluctuations in either blood pressure in the late evening or in the outpatient room; nor were there fluctuations in heart rate. Simultaneously, neither serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol nor fasting blood sugar levels differed significantly between posts. Moreover, telmisartan had more beneficial effects on glucose and lipid profiles in patients with relatively high HbA1c, serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Therefore, we concluded that telmisartan was more beneficial than olmesartan for controlling blood pressure in the early morning, as well as for improving glucose and lipid profiles in patients with hypertension, chronic heart failure, and metabolic syndrome.
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8.
[The influence of antihypertensive agents on plasmatic and vascular-thrombocytic homeostasis in metabolic syndrome].
Vengerovskiĭ, AI, Idrisova, EM, Bushkova, EA, Mananko, EI, Krasnova, NM
Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia. 2008;(6):8-12
Abstract
The combined therapy with enalapril and prolonged-release verapamil, as well as with enalapril and moxonidine significantly increases the level of antiatherogenic high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, reduces the atherogenicity coefficients, decreases the concentrations of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and soluble fibrinmonomeric complexes and the aggregation activity of thrombocytes, activates plasminogen in the blood of patients under conditions of metabolic syndrome with arterial hypertension. At the same time the enalapril monotherapy has no significant influence on the parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and the plasmatic and vascular-thrombocytic homeostasis.
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9.
Effects of PREMIER lifestyle modifications on participants with and without the metabolic syndrome.
Lien, LF, Brown, AJ, Ard, JD, Loria, C, Erlinger, TP, Feldstein, AC, Lin, PH, Champagne, CM, King, AC, McGuire, HL, et al
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979). 2007;(4):609-16
Abstract
Lifestyle modification can reduce blood pressure and lower cardiovascular risk. Established recommendations include weight loss, sodium reduction, and increased physical activity. PREMIER studied the effects of lifestyle interventions based on established recommendations alone and with the addition of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern. This analysis aimed to assess the interventions' impact on cardiometabolic variables in participants with, compared with those without, metabolic syndrome. The primary outcome was 6-month change in systolic blood pressure. Participants with prehypertension or stage-1 hypertension were randomly assigned to an advice only control group, a 6-month intensive behavioral intervention group of established recommendations (EST), or an established recommendations plus DASH group (EST+DASH). Metabolic syndrome was defined per National Cholesterol and Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. We used general linear models to test intervention effects on change in blood pressure, lipids, and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment), in subgroups defined by the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome. Of 796 participants, 399 had metabolic syndrome. Both EST and EST+DASH reduced the primary outcome variable, systolic blood pressure. Within the EST+DASH group, those with and without metabolic syndrome responded similarly (P=0.231). However, within EST, those with metabolic syndrome had a poorer response, with a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 8.4 mm Hg versus 12.0 mm Hg in those without metabolic syndrome (P=0.002). Thus, metabolic syndrome attenuated the systolic blood pressure reduction of EST, but this attenuation was overcome in EST+DASH. Finally, diastolic blood pressure, lipids, and homeostasis model assessment responded similarly to both interventions regardless of metabolic syndrome status. Our data suggest that strategies for lowering BP in individuals with metabolic syndrome may be enhanced by recommendations to adopt the DASH dietary pattern.