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Can dietary viscous fiber affect body weight independently of an energy-restrictive diet? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Jovanovski, E, Mazhar, N, Komishon, A, Khayyat, R, Li, D, Blanco Mejia, S, Khan, T, L Jenkins, A, Smircic-Duvnjak, L, L Sievenpiper, J, et al
The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2020;(2):471-485
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of dietary fiber in obesity management remains debatable. Evidence suggests that intake of viscous fiber may have the potential to facilitate weight loss. OBJECTIVE We aimed to summarize and quantify the effects of viscous fiber on body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and body fat, independent of calorie restriction, through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. METHODS Trials ≥4 wk in duration that assessed the effect of viscous fiber supplemented to an ad libitum diet along with comparator diets were included. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were searched through 24 July, 2019. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data. Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method and random-effects models and expressed as mean differences with 95% CIs. Interstudy heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I2 statistic). The overall certainty of evidence was explored using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS Findings from 62 trials (n = 3877) showed that viscous fiber reduced mean body weight (-0.33 kg; 95% CI: -0.51, -0.14 kg; P = 0.004), BMI (in kg/m2) (-0.28; 95% CI: -0.42, -0.14; P = 0.0001), and waist circumference (-0.63 cm; 95% CI: -1.11, -0.16 cm; P = 0.008), with no change in body fat (-0.78%; 95% CI: -1.56%, 0.00%; P = 0.05) when consumed with an ad libitum diet. Greater reductions in body weight were observed in overweight individuals and those with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The certainty of evidence was graded moderate for body weight, high for waist circumference and body fat, and low for BMI. CONCLUSIONS Dietary viscous fiber modestly yet significantly improved body weight and other parameters of adiposity independently of calorie restriction. Future trials are warranted to address the inconsistency and imprecision identified through GRADE and to determine long-term weight-loss sustainability.This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03257449.
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Effect of lifestyle modifications on anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Abdolahian, S, Tehrani, FR, Amiri, M, Ghodsi, D, Yarandi, RB, Jafari, M, Majd, HA, Nahidi, F
BMC endocrine disorders. 2020;(1):71
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age. This study aimed to compare the effects of lifestyle interventions on anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters in adolescent girls with PCOS. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was systematically searched to retrieve studies investigating the effects of lifestyle modifications in adolescent girls with PCOS, which were published up to December 2019. The primary outcome was Body Mass Index (BMI) and secondary outcomes were all manifestations of PCOS, including clinical, metabolic, and hormonal parameters. Random effect meta-analysis was applied for significant results. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger test. RESULTS This study showed significant improvements in luteinizing hormone (LH) (Pooled SMD = - 0.1.23; 95% CI, - 2.44 to - 0.03), and Free Androgen Index (FAI) levels (Pooled SMD = - 0.78 95% CI, - 0.1.42 to - 0.13) in adolescent girls receiving lifestyle intervention compared to baseline. This study also revealed that diet modifications alone were associated with a significant decrease in Body Mass Index (BMI) (Pooled SMD = - 0.45; 95% CI, - 0.76 to - 0.13), and FG score (Pooled SMD = - 0.81; 95% CI, - 1.33 to - 0.28). Exercise interventions were associated with significant changes in the menstrual cycles (Pooled SMD = 1.16; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.61), Ferriman-Gallwey (FG) score (Pooled SMD = - 0.57; 95% CI, - 0.99 to - 0.15), LH (Pooled SMD = - 056; 95% CI, - 0.98 to - 0.14), Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) (Pooled SMD = - 0.81; 95% CI, - 0.1.24 to - 0.38), and Triglyceride (TG) levels (Pooled SMD = - 0.32; 95% CI, - 0.62 to - 0.02). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis concluded lifestyle interventions, such as diet and exercise, can improve some clinical, metabolic, and hormonal parameters in adolescent girls with PCOS.
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Metabolic phenotypes of obese, overweight, and normal weight individuals and risk of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Alizadeh, S, Esmaeili, H, Alizadeh, M, Daneshzad, E, Sharifi, L, Radfar, H, Radaei, MK
Archives of endocrinology and metabolism. 2019;(4):427-437
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk is inconsistent in the normal-weight, overweight, and obese individuals due to the heterogeneity of metabolic status. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the combined effects of body mass index (BMI) and metabolic status on CKD risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Knowledge databases were systematically searched up to March 2019 to identify all eligible studies investigating the CKD risk (defined as GFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and/or microalbuminuria or proteinuria) associated with the body size phenotypes which are known as metabolically unhealthy normal-weight (MUNW), metabolically healthy overweight (MHOW), metabolically unhealthy overweight, metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO). The classification of subjects in included studies as metabolically unhealthy was based on the presence of three components of metabolic syndrome. BMI categorization was based on the criteria of included studies. The risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled using random effects analysis. RESULTS A total of 9 prospective cohort studies with 128773 participants and 4797 incident cases were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with healthy normal-weight individuals as reference, MUNW and MHO subjects showed an increased risk for CKD events with a pooled RR of 1.58 (95% CI = 1.28-1.96) in MUNW and 1.55 (95% CI = 1.34-1.79) in MHO persons. Also, MHOW was at increased risk for CKD (RR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.20-1.51). MUHO individuals were at the highest risk for the development of CKD (RR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.66-2.72). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with metabolic abnormality, although at normal-weight, have an increased risk for CKD. Healthy overweight and obese individuals had higher risk; refuting the notion that metabolically healthy overweight and obese phenotypes are benign conditions.
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Effect of Q10 supplementation on body weight and body mass index: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.
Saboori, S, Rad, EY, Mardani, M, Khosroshahi, MZ, Nouri, Y, Falahi, E
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2019;(2):1179-1185
Abstract
AIMS: This meta-analysis study was carried out to assess the effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on body weight and body mass index of patients in randomized controlled clinical trial studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive systematic search of literature was performed through ISI web of sciences, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane library databases up to February 2018 which was supplemented by manual search of the references list of included studies. From a total of 1579 identified articles, only 17 trials with 14 and 14 effect-sizes were included for pooling the effects of co-enzyme Q10 supplementation on body weight and body mass index, respectively. RESULTS Results of random-effect size meta-analysis showed that supplementation with coenzyme Q10 had no significant decreasing effects on body weight (WMD: 0.28 kg; 95% CI = -0.91, 1.47; P = 0.64) and BMI (WMD: -0.03; 95% CI = -0.4, 0.34; P = 0.86) of study participants. Subgroup analysis revealed that dosage of Q10 and trial duration could not differ the results of Q10 supplementation. CONCLUSION Results of this meta-analysis study failed to show any beneficial effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on body weight and BMI of patients in clinical trial studies.