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Efficacy of oral Vitamin D supplementation in reducing body mass index and lipid profile in adolescents and young adults in Colombia: A pilot clinical trial protocol nested in the SIMBA cohort.
Serrano, NC, Romero, SL, Suárez, DP, Rojas, LZ, Gamboa-Delgado, EM, Forero, M, Guio, E, Quintero-Lesmes, DC
Medicine. 2020;(35):e21722
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the role of vitamin D (VD) as a protective factor in cardiovascular disease has been recognized. Thus, there is a need to study the effect of vitamin D supplementation in the control of different cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome, especially in young populations where few studies have been conducted. METHODS Pilot study of a randomized, parallel two-arm, triple-blind clinical controlled trial in 150 adolescents and young adults in the city of Bucaramanga-Colombia. The intervention group will receive 1000 IU of VD and the control group 200 IU of VD daily for 15 weeks. The main outcomes are: serum calcifediol levels (25(OH) D), body mass index and lipid profile; secondary outcomes are complementary to the previous ones (skin folds, waist-hip ratio). Other variables will be analyzed such as assessment of dietary intake, physical activity, sun exposure, cigarette and tobacco consumption and compliance with VD supplementation. DISCUSSION This study is innovative since there is little evidence from clinical trials in adolescents and young adults; similar studies are not known in our context. The results of this study may facilitate the recommendation of oral vitamin D supplementation in the population of interest. In addition, it is a low-cost and easy-to-apply intervention that could contribute to the formulation and implementation of health policies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04377386.
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25OH-Vitamin D3 Levels in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome-Unaltered in Young and not Correlated to Carotid IMT in All Ages.
Mangge, H, Zelzer, S, Meinitzer, A, Stelzer, I, Schnedl, WJ, Weghuber, D, Fuchs, D, Postolache, TT, Aigner, E, Datz, C, et al
Current pharmaceutical design. 2015;(17):2243-9
Abstract
Contradictory results exist for levels of vitamin D measured in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). To clarify this, we investigated 527 participants of the STYJOBS/ EDECTA cohort (NCT00482924), with ages between 10 and 65 years. A cross-sectional analysis of anthropometry, carotid intima media thickness (IMT), and laboratory measurements for 25OH-Vitamin D3 (vitD), glucose metabolism, ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (US-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipids, liver-, renal-parameters, and kynurenine to tryptophan ratio were made for a selection of persons who were either obese or of normal weight. The homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA) was also measured. As compared to the normal weight controls, significantly decreased blood levels of vitD were found in overweight/obese adults, which were not observed in the juveniles. Nevertheless, both overweight/obese juveniles and adults had significantly increased US-CRP, IL-6, HOMA, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol levels, and significantly decreased HDL-cholesterol levels. Juveniles with MetS displayed unchanged levels of vitD as compared to overweight/obese juveniles without MetS. Although IMT was significantly increased in both juvenile and adult overweight/obese subjects, vitD and IMT levels were not correlated. Assuming a minimum threshold of 20 ng/ml for the establishment of "low" or "normal" vitD levels, no significant alteration in IMT, metabolic, and inflammatory markers was observed in juveniles with a low vitD-status . In conclusion, although metabolic and inflammatory symptoms of obesity are displayed in juveniles, their vitD levels are unaffected. This, together with the complete lack of association with carotid IMT in both juveniles and adults, argues against a causative role of vitD in obesity-associated vascular pathology.
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Serum 25(OH)D is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome risk profile among urban middle-aged Chinese population.
Yin, X, Sun, Q, Zhang, X, Lu, Y, Sun, C, Cui, Y, Wang, S
Nutrition journal. 2012;:68
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a variety of chronic metabolic diseases. Limited evidence regarding vitamin D deficiency exists within the Chinese population. The present study aims to examine the association between serum vitamin D concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors in the young and middle-aged, urban Chinese population METHODS The cross-sectional relationships between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and indices of adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors (e.g., body mass index, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, etc.) were evaluated in 601 non-diabetic adults. RESULT Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency was present in 66% of the tested population, and serum 25(OH)D levels were lower in patients who were overweight/obese or suffered metabolic syndrome when compared to individuals of healthy weight without metabolic syndrome (24.08 ± 8.08 vs 31.70 ± 11.77 ng/ml, 21.52 ± 6.9 vs 31.74 ± 10.21 ng/ml respectively). 25(OH)D was inversely associated with waist circumference, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and it was positively associated with HDL-cholesterol in a multivariable-adjusted regression model. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is common in the young and middle-aged, urban Chinese population, with high prevalence in overweight/obese individuals and patients with metabolic syndrome. Low vitamin D concentration was associated with indices of adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the cause-effect relation between vitamin D status, obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Relationships between vitamin D status and cardio-metabolic risk factors in young European adults.
Muldowney, S, Lucey, AJ, Paschos, G, Martinez, JA, Bandarra, N, Thorsdottir, I, Cashman, KD, Kiely, M
Annals of nutrition & metabolism. 2011;(2):85-93
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To explore associations between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young European adults. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analysis of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [s25(OH)D], intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in 195 healthy 20- to 40-year-olds (109 women) with a BMI between 27.5 and 32.5 from Iceland (64° N; n = 82), Ireland (51° N; n = 37) and Spain (42° N; n = 76) during mid-late winter. RESULTS The median s25(OH)D was 52.8 nmol/l (IQR 38.1-69.9) or 21.1 ng/ml (IQR 15.2-28.0) with a latitude-dependent gradient (p ≤ 0.0001): Iceland, 41.7 nmol/l (IQR 32.7-54.2) or 16.7 ng/ml (IQR 13.1-21.7); Ireland, 52.9 nmol/l (IQR 35.3-68.6) or 21.2 ng/ml (IQR 14.1-27.4), and Spain, 67.1 nmol/l (IQR 47.1-87.1) or 26.8 ng/ml (IQR 18.8-34.8). Eleven percent of Icelandic participants had s25(OH)D concentrations <25 nmol/l (10 ng/ml) and 66% of Icelandic, 43% of Irish, and 30% of Spanish volunteers had concentrations <50 nmol/l (20 ng/ml), respectively. Overall, 17% met 3 or more of the NCEP/ATP III criteria for cardio-metabolic syndrome (MetS). Participants in the lowest third of s25(OH)D [≤ 42.5 nmol/l (17 ng/ml)] were more likely to have MetS (OR 2.49, p = 0.045) and elevated TAG (OR 3.46, p = 0.019). Individuals with iPTH concentrations in the lowest third [2.34 pmol/l (22.2 pg/ml)] were more likely to have elevated fasting TAG (OR 4.17, p = 0.039), insulin (OR 3.15, p = 0.029) and HOMA-IR (OR 2.15, p = 0.031), and they were less likely to have elevated IL-6 (OR 0.24, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION There were interactions between s25(OH)D, iPTH and cardio-metabolic risk factors which, given the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity and a low vitamin D status among adults, require randomised controlled vitamin D intervention studies in overweight persons.