1.
The impact of testosterone replacement therapy on glycemic control, vascular function, and components of the metabolic syndrome in obese hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes.
Groti, K, Žuran, I, Antonič, B, Foršnarič, L, Pfeifer, M
The aging male : the official journal of the International Society for the Study of the Aging Male. 2018;(3):158-169
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study set out to assess effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on parameters of metabolic syndrome and vascular function in obese hypogonadal males with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). STUDY DESIGN Fifty-five obese hypogonadal diabetic males on oral hypoglycemic treatment were enrolled into this one-year, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study. Group T (n = 28) was treated with testosterone undecanoate (1000 mg i.m. every 10 weeks) while group P (n = 27) received placebo. METHODS Anthropometrical and vascular measurements - flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and intima media thickness (IMT) - biochemical and hormonal blood sample analyses were performed at the start of the study and after one year. Derived parameters (BMI, HOMA-IR, calculated free testosterone (cFT) and bioavailable testosterone (BT)) were calculated. RESULTS TRT resulted in reduction of HOMA-IR by 4.64 ± 4.25 (p < .001), HbA1c by 0.94 ± 0.88% points (p < .001), and an increase in FMD by 2.40 ± 4.16% points (p = .005). CONCLUSION TRT normalized serum testosterone levels, improved glycemic control and endothelial function while exerting no ill effects on the study population.
2.
Differential effect of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate on biomarkers of glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy, overweight and obese subjects: a randomized clinical trial.
Almoosawi, S, Tsang, C, Ostertag, LM, Fyfe, L, Al-Dujaili, EA
Food & function. 2012;(10):1035-43
Abstract
The association between excess cortisol and various parameters of metabolic syndrome including hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia is increasingly recognised. The present single-blind randomised placebo-controlled cross-over study compared the effect of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate (DC) on biomarkers of glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and blood pressure (BP) in females with BMI ≥ 25 kg m(-2) (n = 21) and females with BMI < 25 kg m(-2) (n = 21). Volunteers consumed 20 g of DC containing 500 mg polyphenols or a placebo DC with negligible polyphenol-content daily for 4 weeks, separated by a 2-week washout period. Systolic BP and diastolic BP decreased after 4 weeks of polyphenol-rich DC. Placebo raised fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and salivary cortisol, an effect that was significantly different from polyphenol-rich DC which had a negligible effect on fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and salivary cortisol. Females with BMI ≥ 25 kg m(-2) responded less favourably to placebo than lean females and consequently had higher fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, in addition to a lower quantitative sensitivity check index (QUICKI) after ingestion of placebo compared to polyphenol-rich DC. No significant changes in lipid profile were observed. This study provides evidence for the metabolic benefits of consuming polyphenol-rich dark chocolate while demonstrating the possibility of adverse effects occurring with polyphenol-poor chocolate placebo.
3.
[Emotional and autonomous presentations of metabolic syndrome in childhood].
Naugol'nykh, IuV, Sukhikh, EV, Mudrova, OA, Smirnova, EN
Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2012;(2):14-7
Abstract
We examined 46 children and adolescents, aged from 7 to 16 years, with metabolic syndrome (MS) and 20 healthy volunteers. Diagnosis was established by the presence of abdominal obesity. Total cholesterol, low density proteins, atherogenity index, blood insulin and glucose with the determination of insulin resistance index were measured. A special table suggested by A.M. Vein was used for assessment of autonomous tonus and reactivity, Kerdo index and Danini-Ashner reflex were calculated. Compensatory abilities in children with MS were determined by the results of variation cardiointervalography with the calculation of main indicators. The study of autonomous provision of activity was carried out using the experimental modeling of activity: mental, emotional. Emotions and personality were assessed by Shmishek-Leonhard questionnaire. The neurological examination did not reveal focal symptoms. The disintegration of the autonomous system activity manifested itself by the activation of ergotropic link accompanied by the changes in autonomous reactivity and formation of inadequate provision of activity. The results of psychological examination revealed the ecstatic type of accentuation that indicated high emotionality and psychological lability of subjects.
4.
[Melatonin: its role in the system of neurohumoral regulation in man. Part 2].
Baksheev, VI, Kolomoets, NM
Klinicheskaia meditsina. 2011;(2):8-13
Abstract
Part 2 of this review concerns the application of melatonin (Mt) to the treatment of aged patients with cardiovascular diseases and other pathology with reference to its genoprotective and anticarcinogenic action. Effects of Mt on the cardiovascular system are underlain by its antioxidative, vasodilating, and sedative activities, the ability to regulate the heart rate and inhibit platelet aggregation. Certain authors report negative correlation between Mt production and blood cholesterol level. Mt was shown to protect from cardiac lesions associated with ischemia and reperfusion. Mt inhibits carcinogenesis and is active at systemic, tissue, cellular and subcellular levels. At the systemic level, Mt decreases hormonal production, stimulates immune activity, and prevents the development of metabolic syndrome. It inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis of tumour cells but suppresses it the nervous tissue. Mt activates telomerase. It decreases expression of oncogens and interferes with the action of mutagens and clastogens at the genetic level. Extensive studies of Mt protective action in nervous diseases are underway with special reference to spinal cord, brain, neuron and glial cell lesions; experimental cerebral stroke, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Similar studies concern the role of Mt in the protection against ionizing radiation, the development of renal pathology, and ophthalmology (glaucoma, cataract). Mt is shown to influence practically all organ systems by inhibiting mutagenesis and maintaining correlation between circadian rhythms of different biological processes throughout human evolution.