1.
Prospective association of physical activity and inflammatory biomarkers in older adults from the PREDIMED-Plus study with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Fuentes, GC, Castañer, O, Warnberg, J, Subirana, I, Buil-Cosiales, P, Salas-Salvadó, J, Corella, D, Serra-Majem, L, Romaguera, D, Estruch, R, et al
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2020;(10):3092-3098
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited prospective evidence on the association between physical activity (PA) and inflammation in older adults. Our aim was to assess the associations between changes in PA and changes in the inflammatory profile in older individuals who are overweight or obese. METHODS This prospective study included 489 men and women, aged 55-75 years, from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 18 (IL-18), monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1), C-peptide, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), leptin, and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted chemokine (RANTES) were obtained from fasting blood samples and a composite inflammatory score based on these biomarkers was calculated. Physical activity was measured by a validated questionnaire. All measures were taken at baseline and one-year follow-up. RESULTS Multiple linear regression models showed an association between an increase in total PA and a decrease in the inflammatory score (p = 0.012), which was particularly driven by a decrease in C-peptide (p = 0.037). Similarly, the inflammatory score decreased with increasing moderate PA (p = 0.001), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Increases in total PA, moderate and moderate-to-vigorous PA were associated with a decrease in the inflammatory profile of obese or overweight older individuals. This finding is relevant for PA recommendations and public health strategies. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY Clinical trial identifier: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial 89898870.
2.
The Effects of High-Protein and High-Monounsaturated Fat Meals on Postprandial Lipids, Lipoprotein Particle Numbers, Cytokines, and Leptin Responses in Overweight/Obese Subjects.
Shah, M, Adams-Huet, B, Franklin, B, Phillips, M, Mitchell, J
Metabolic syndrome and related disorders. 2018;(3):150-158
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is linked to dyslipidemia, proinflammatory state, and hyperleptinemia. The influence of high-protein (HP) versus high-monounsaturated fat (HMF) meals on postprandial lipids, lipoprotein particle numbers, cytokines, and leptin responses in overweight/obese (OW/O) subjects is unknown. METHODS Twenty-four OW/O participants consumed an HP (31.9% energy from protein) and HMF (35.2% fat and 20.7% monounsaturated fat) meal, of similar energy/carbohydrate content, in a random order. The outcome variables were assessed from blood samples collected in fasted and postprandial (3 hr) states. RESULTS Repeated measures analysis found significant (P < 0.05) meal condition by time interactions for triglycerides (TGs), very low-density lipoprotein particles (VLDLP), total high-density lipoprotein particles (T-HDLP), and the ratio of large-buoyant high-density lipoprotein 2b (LB-HDL2b) to T-HDLP, and meal effect on small-dense HDLP (SD-HDLP). Comparison of HP versus HMF condition showed significantly lower TG at 120 min [geometric mean (95% confidence interval, CI): 148 (125-175) vs. 194 (164-230) mg/dL] and 180 min [167 (138-203) vs. 230 (189-278) mg/dL] and VLDLP at 180 min [70.0 (58.2-84.3) vs. 88.0 (73.1-106) nmol/L]. HP versus HMF condition showed significantly lower LB-HDL2b/T-HDLP at 180 min [mean difference (95% CI): 0.021 (0.004-0.038)], and higher T-HDLP [671 (263-1079) nmol/L] and SD-HDLP [606 (292-920) nmol/L] at 120 min. Area under the curve was significantly lower for TG and higher for T-HDLP, SD-HDLP, and small-dense LDL III (SD-LDL III) in the HP condition. Cytokines and leptin were not different between conditions. CONCLUSION OW/O subjects had lower TG and VLDLP, but less favorable SD-LDL III, SD-HDLP, and LB-HDL2b/T-HDLP ratio responses to the HP versus HMF meals.
3.
Effect of Vegan Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Carnitine- and Choline-Derived Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Production and Vascular Inflammation in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome.
Smits, LP, Kootte, RS, Levin, E, Prodan, A, Fuentes, S, Zoetendal, EG, Wang, Z, Levison, BS, Cleophas, MCP, Kemper, EM, et al
Journal of the American Heart Association. 2018;(7)
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal microbiota have been found to be linked to cardiovascular disease via conversion of the dietary compounds choline and carnitine to the atherogenic metabolite TMAO (trimethylamine-N-oxide). Specifically, a vegan diet was associated with decreased plasma TMAO levels and nearly absent TMAO production on carnitine challenge. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a double-blind randomized controlled pilot study in which 20 male metabolic syndrome patients were randomized to single lean vegan-donor or autologous fecal microbiota transplantation. At baseline and 2 weeks thereafter, we determined the ability to produce TMAO from d6-choline and d3-carnitine (eg, labeled and unlabeled TMAO in plasma and 24-hour urine after oral ingestion of 250 mg of both isotope-labeled precursor nutrients), and fecal samples were collected for analysis of microbiota composition. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans of the abdominal aorta, as well as ex vivo peripheral blood mononuclear cell cytokine production assays, were performed. At baseline, fecal microbiota composition differed significantly between vegans and metabolic syndrome patients. With vegan-donor fecal microbiota transplantation, intestinal microbiota composition in metabolic syndrome patients, as monitored by global fecal microbial community structure, changed toward a vegan profile in some of the patients; however, no functional effects from vegan-donor fecal microbiota transplantation were seen on TMAO production, abdominal aortic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, or ex vivo cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CONCLUSIONS Single lean vegan-donor fecal microbiota transplantation in metabolic syndrome patients resulted in detectable changes in intestinal microbiota composition but failed to elicit changes in TMAO production capacity or parameters related to vascular inflammation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.trialregister.nl. Unique identifier: NTR 4338.