0
selected
-
1.
Nutritional factors and metabolic variables in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease: A case control study in Armenian adults.
Fazeli Moghadam, E, Tadevosyan, A, Fallahi, E, Goodarzi, R
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2017;(1):7-11
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dietary factors can affect the coronary heart disease (CHD). Results of previous studies on the association between the diet and CHD are not consistent in different countries. There were no data on this association in Armenia. OBJECTIVE Aims of this case-control study were to evaluate the association between nutritional factors and CHD among Armenians in Yerevan. METHODS During 2010 and 2011, we randomly selected 320 CHD patients with a diagnosis of CHD less than 6 months and 320 subjects without CHD (≥30years old) from the hospitals and polyclinics in Yerevan. Dietary intakes with 135 food items over the previous 12 months were evaluated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS After adjusting for some CHD risk factors higher intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were associated with a reduced risk of CHD, while this association was not witnessed for saturated fatty acids (SFA). In addition, findings indicated an inverse relation between vitamins (E, B6 and B12, folic acid) and fiber with CHD. In this population, smoking, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) were significantly more common among patients with CHD. CONCLUSION The intake of vitamins E, B6 and B12, folic acid, PUFA, MUFA and fiber appeared to be predictors of CHD, independently of other risk factors.
-
2.
Changes in C-reactive protein from low-fat diet and/or physical activity in men and women with and without metabolic syndrome.
Camhi, SM, Stefanick, ML, Ridker, PM, Young, DR
Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 2010;(1):54-61
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
Change in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) from low-fat diet (diet) and physical activity (PA) interventions is relatively unknown for adults with metabolic syndrome. The objective of the study was to assess CRP change (DeltaCRP) with diet and/or PA in men and women with and without metabolic syndrome. Men (n = 149) and postmenopausal women (n = 125) with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were recruited into a 1-year randomized controlled trial. Treatment groups were as follows: control, diet (reduced total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol intake), PA (45-60 minutes at 60%-85% maximum heart rate), or diet + PA. Weight loss was not an intervention focus. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria. Stored plasma samples were analyzed for CRP. Change in CRP was compared between treatments, within sex and metabolic syndrome status, using analysis of covariance, including covariates for baseline CRP and body fat change. For women with metabolic syndrome (n = 39), DeltaCRP was greater in diet vs control (-1.2 +/- 0.4, P = .009), diet + PA vs control (-1.3 +/- 0.4, P = .006), and diet + PA vs PA (-1.1 +/- 0.4, P = .02). Women with metabolic syndrome receiving the diet component (diet or diet + PA) had greater DeltaCRP compared with those who did not (control or PA) (P = .001). Change in CRP was not significantly different between intervention groups in men overall, women overall, men with (n = 47) or without metabolic syndrome (n = 102), or women without metabolic syndrome (n = 86). Low-fat diet may be the most effective treatment for reducing CRP in women with metabolic syndrome.
-
3.
Low-carbohydrate (low & high-fat) versus high-carbohydrate low-fat diets in the treatment of obesity in adolescents.
Demol, S, Yackobovitch-Gavan, M, Shalitin, S, Nagelberg, N, Gillon-Keren, M, Phillip, M
Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). 2009;(2):346-51
Abstract
AIM: To compare the impact of low-carbohydrate diets of different fat content to high-carbohydrate low-fat diet on weight and metabolic parameters in obese adolescents. METHODS Fifty-five patients aged 12-18 years with a body mass index (BMI) above the 95th percentile were randomly allocated to one of three isoenergetic diet regimens. Anthropometric and metabolic measurements were taken after overnight fast, at baseline, after the 12-week intervention and after nine month of follow-up. RESULTS No significant differences were found among the groups in changes in BMI, BMI-percentile, fat percentage, or metabolic markers at the end of the intervention and at the end of follow-up. Insulin level and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) level decreased significantly at both time points only in the two low carbohydrate diet groups. CONCLUSION All diet regimens are associated with a significant reduction in BMI and improvement of some metabolic parameters in obese adolescents. Low-carbohydrate diets apparently have no advantage over high-carbohydrate low-fat diets. The significant drop in insulin level and HOMA in the low carbohydrate diet groups is noteworthy given the increasing frequency of type-2 diabetes as part of metabolic syndrome in children and youth. The impact of low carbohydrate diets in obese and insulin-resistant youth warrants further investigation.
-
4.
Comparison of low fat and low carbohydrate diets on circulating fatty acid composition and markers of inflammation.
Forsythe, CE, Phinney, SD, Fernandez, ML, Quann, EE, Wood, RJ, Bibus, DM, Kraemer, WJ, Feinman, RD, Volek, JS
Lipids. 2008;(1):65-77
Abstract
Abnormal distribution of plasma fatty acids and increased inflammation are prominent features of metabolic syndrome. We tested whether these components of metabolic syndrome, like dyslipidemia and glycemia, are responsive to carbohydrate restriction. Overweight men and women with atherogenic dyslipidemia consumed ad libitum diets very low in carbohydrate (VLCKD) (1504 kcal:%CHO:fat:protein = 12:59:28) or low in fat (LFD) (1478 kcal:%CHO:fat:protein = 56:24:20) for 12 weeks. In comparison to the LFD, the VLCKD resulted in an increased proportion of serum total n-6 PUFA, mainly attributed to a marked increase in arachidonate (20:4n-6), while its biosynthetic metabolic intermediates were decreased. The n-6/n-3 and arachidonic/eicosapentaenoic acid ratio also increased sharply. Total saturated fatty acids and 16:1n-7 were consistently decreased following the VLCKD. Both diets significantly decreased the concentration of several serum inflammatory markers, but there was an overall greater anti-inflammatory effect associated with the VLCKD, as evidenced by greater decreases in TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, E-selectin, I-CAM, and PAI-1. Increased 20:4n-6 and the ratios of 20:4n-6/20:5n-3 and n-6/n-3 are commonly viewed as pro-inflammatory, but unexpectedly were consistently inversely associated with responses in inflammatory proteins. In summary, a very low carbohydrate diet resulted in profound alterations in fatty acid composition and reduced inflammation compared to a low fat diet.
-
5.
Long-term effects of popular dietary approaches on weight loss and features of insulin resistance.
McAuley, KA, Smith, KJ, Taylor, RW, McLay, RT, Williams, SM, Mann, JI
International journal of obesity (2005). 2006;(2):342-9
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-carbohydrate (HC)-high-fibre diets are recommended for weight loss and for treating and preventing diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We report a randomised trial comparing high-fat (HF) and high-protein (HP) diets with the conventional approach. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 93 overweight insulin-resistant women received advice following randomisation to HF, HP or HC dietary regimes, to achieve weight loss followed by weight maintenance over 12 months. Weight, body composition and measures of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were investigated. RESULTS Retention rates were 93% for HP and 75% for HC and HF. Features of the metabolic syndrome improved in all groups during the first 6 months, to a greater extent on HF and HP than an HC. During the second 6 months the HF group had increases in waist circumference (mean difference 4.4 cm (95% CI 3.0, 5.8)), fat mass (2.3 kg (1.5, 3.1)), triglycerides (0.28 mmol/l (0.09, 0.46)) and 2 h glucose (0.70 mmol/l (0.22, 1.18)). Overall there was substantial sustained improvement in waist circumference, triglycerides and insulin in the HP group and sustained but more modest changes on HC. Dietary compliance at 12 months was poor in all groups. CONCLUSIONS HP and HC approaches appear to be appropriate options for insulin-resistant individuals. When recommending HP diets appropriate composition of dietary fat must be ensured. HC diet recommendations must include advice regarding appropriate high-fibre, low glycaemic index foods.