1.
The resting metabolic rate in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and its relation to the hormonal milieu, insulin metabolism, and body fat distribution: a cohort study.
Romualdi, D, Versace, V, Tagliaferri, V, De Cicco, S, Immediata, V, Apa, R, Guido, M, Lanzone, A
Journal of endocrinological investigation. 2019;(9):1089-1097
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate possible alterations of a major determinant of energy expenditure, the resting metabolic rate (RMR), in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with age-BMI similar controls. To assess whether the hormonal milieu, the body fat distribution and the insulin metabolism may affect energy consumption in these patients. METHODS This is a monocentric observational prospective cohort study, including 109 Caucasian PCOS subjects and 31 healthy control women. (Median age PCOS 26.0 ± 9.2 years, controls 25.5 ± 8.5 years; median BMI-body mass index PCOS 26.4 ± 9.4 kg/m2, controls 27.2 ± 12.8 kg/m2). RMR was evaluated by the SenseWear Armband (SWA), a reliable and validated metabolic holter, never previously used in the PCOS population to this purpose. Hormonal assessment, insulin metabolism evaluated by HOMA-IR and OGTT, anthropometric features (BMI and WHR) were also assessed. RESULTS Median RMR resulted similar in PCOS and control women: 1520.0 ± 248.00 kcal/day vs 1464.0 ± 332.70 kcal/day (p = 0.472), even after adjusting for BMI, fat distribution, insulin metabolism parameters. RMR resulted significantly correlated with BMI, WHR, estradiol levels, SHBG, total cholesterol, triglycerides, basal glycaemia, basal insulinemia, AUC insulin 240', and HOMA. In the subgroup of patients with WHR > 0.85, PCOS women showed a significantly lower RMR compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS The higher prevalence of obesity, which negatively influences the reproductive and general health of PCOS women, could be related to factors other than an intrinsic alteration of the RMR. Further studies are needed to clarify the possible role of the visceral fat in modulating the energy balance in PCOS. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT03132545.
2.
Effects of Hormone Therapy on Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome.
Sánchez-Rodríguez, MA, Zacarías-Flores, M, Castrejón-Delgado, L, Ruiz-Rodríguez, AK, Mendoza-Núñez, VM
International journal of molecular sciences. 2016;(9)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oral hormone therapy (HT) on oxidative stress (OS) in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome (MetS). A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out. We formed four groups of 25 women each; healthy (HW) and MetS women (MSW) were assigned to HT (1 mg/day of estradiol valerate plus 5 mg/10 day of medroxiprogesterone) or placebo. We measured plasma lipoperoxides, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, total plasma antioxidant status and uric acid, as OS markers. Alternative cut-off values of each parameter were defined and a stress score (SS) ranging from 0 to 7 was used as total OS. MetS was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) criteria. Participants were seen at baseline, 3 and 6 months. After 6 months, MetS decreased in MSW-HT (48%), their triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) improved; in the other groups no difference was found. SS in MSW-HT decreased (3.8 ± 0.3 to 1.7 ± 0.3, p < 0.05) and OS was also reduced (44%), this effect was evident since 3 mo. HW-HT with high OS also decreased (40%). In placebo groups there was no change. Our findings suggest that HT improve lipids and OS associated to MetS in postmenopausal women.
3.
Diabetes-ameliorating effects of fermented red ginseng and causal effects on hormonal interactions: testing the hypothesis by multiple group path analysis.
Lee, KJ, Lee, SY, Ji, GE
Journal of medicinal food. 2013;(5):383-95
Abstract
Although diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome (MtS) vary among various health professionals and organizations, blood glucose dysregulation and insulin resistance are common to all definitions. Red ginseng is beneficial for glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity but the mechanism is not yet elucidated. Ginsenosides Rh1 and Rg3 act as ligands of the estrogen receptor, and Rh2 and compound K act as ligands of the glucocorticoid receptors, which may influence the diabetes markers. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that there are significant causal relationships among diabetes-related markers and several hormones, and assess whether or not the consumption of fermented red ginseng (FRG) influences these causal relationships by multiple group path analysis and conventional statistical analyses. The 93 postmenopausal women were randomly divided into two groups for a double-blind trial. FRG powder and placebo were provided for 2 weeks. The data were analyzed by multiple group path analysis and the mean between groups were compared. The model's goodness of fit was excellent, with a root mean square error of approximation of 0.00, and comparative fit index of 1.00. The FRG group exhibited significantly increased levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), growth hormone (GH), and estradiol (E2), and they exhibited decreased levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. With regard to the hypothesis, the blood glucose lowering effects of FRG were due to the negative effects of aldosterone and increased GH, which was associated with DHEAS and E2. Even though the differences of variables between both groups were small, the total effects of these variables may indicate beneficial changes for the prevention of diabetes in healthy postmenopausal women.
4.
Effect of non-oral estrogen on risk markers for metabolic syndrome in early surgically menopausal women.
Kilic, S, Yilmaz, N, Erdogan, G, Aydin, M, Tasdemir, N, Doganay, M, Batioglu, S
Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society. 2010;(1):55-62
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postmenopausal women are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome as many risk factors are aggravated by menopause. Elevated levels of homocysteine, triglyceride and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) have been recognized as risk factors for metabolic syndrome. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of transdermal estrogen treatment on serum levels of atherogenic amino acids, homocysteine, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and ADMA in women with surgical menopause. METHODS A prospective study was conducted in 85 surgically menopausal Turkish women at the Department of Menopause of Dr Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Education Hospital between March 2007 and March 2008. Subjects were divided into two groups: a treatment group (Group 1) and control (Group 2). Group 1 (n = 46) received transdermal estrogen while Group 2 (n = 39) received no treatment. Body mass index (BMI) and levels of serum homocysteine, ADMA, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol were analyzed postoperatively at the first visit (baseline) and 6th months. RESULTS The two groups did not differ in age, baseline BMI and levels of ADMA, homocysteine and triglyceride. In Group 1, values of serum ADMA, homocysteine, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels were not different at baseline and at the 6-month visit (p = 0.996, p = 0.564, p = 0.113 and p = 0.173, respectively). On the other hand, the baseline and the 6th month measurements of serum ADMA, homocysteine and HDL cholesterol levels were significantly different in Group 2 (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.023, respectively). CONCLUSION Transdermal estrogen treatment has a protective effect against the risk factors of metabolic syndrome (homocysteine, ADMA, HDL cholesterol) in surgically menopausal patients who have undergone surgery in the early premenopausal period.