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Effects of low fructose diet on glycemic control, lipid profile and systemic inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes: A single-blind randomized controlled trial.
Jalilvand, A, Behrouz, V, Nikpayam, O, Sohrab, G, Hekmatdoost, A
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2020;(5):849-855
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Type 2 diabetes is one of the global epidemic disorders, which causes many side effects on the body. Fructose is a lipogenic monosaccharide. Recent studies have reported the adverse effects of this carbohydrate on diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a low-fructose diet on the metabolic alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS This study was a randomized, single-blind clinical trial on 50 patients with type 2 diabetes. Participants randomly allocated to two groups, to receive either diabetic-diet or diabetic-diet with low-fructose for 8-weeks. Anthropometric measurements, systolic blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and metabolic factors were assessed at baseline and the end of the trial. RESULTS At the end of trial, reduction in body weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure were not significant except for DBP (P = 0.013). Statistical analysis showed that low-fructose diet compared to control group significantly declined fasting blood glucose (FBG), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), Triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P = 0.015, P = 0.001, P=<0.0001, P= <0.0001 and P= <0.0001 respectively). CONCLUSION Our results showed that eight weeks of low-fructose diet results in a significant improvement in FBG, HbA1c, TG, HDL-C and hs-CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Acute effects of feeding fructose, glucose and sucrose on blood lipid levels and systemic inflammation.
Jameel, F, Phang, M, Wood, LG, Garg, ML
Lipids in health and disease. 2014;:195
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between fructose consumption and risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Mechanisms by which dietary fructose mediates metabolic changes are poorly understood. This study compared the effects of fructose, glucose and sucrose consumption on post-postprandial lipemia and low grade inflammation measured as hs-CRP. METHODS This was a randomized, single blinded, cross-over trial involving healthy subjects (n=14). After an overnight fast, participants were given one of 3 different isocaloric drinks, containing 50 g of either fructose or glucose or sucrose dissolved in water. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 30, 60 and 120 minutes post intervention for the analysis of blood lipids, glucose, insulin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). RESULTS Glucose and sucrose supplementation initially resulted in a significant increase in glucose and insulin levels compared to fructose supplementation and returned to near baseline values within 2 hours. Change in plasma cholesterol, LDL and HDL-cholesterol (measured as area under curve, AUC) was significantly higher when participants consumed fructose compared with glucose or sucrose (P<0.05). AUC for plasma triglyceride levels however remained unchanged regardless of the dietary intervention. Change in AUC for hs-CRP was also significantly higher in subjects consuming fructose compared with those consuming glucose (P<0.05), but not sucrose (P=0.07). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that fructose as a sole source of energy modulates plasma lipids and hsCRP levels in healthy individuals. The significance of increase in HDL-cholesterol with a concurrent increase in LDL-cholesterol and elevated hs-CRP levels remains to be delineated when considering health effects of feeding fructose-rich diets. REGISTRATION NUMBER FOR CLINICAL TRIALS ACTRN12614000431628.
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Acute, food-induced moderate elevation of plasma uric acid protects against hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress and increase in arterial stiffness in healthy humans.
Vukovic, J, Modun, D, Budimir, D, Sutlovic, D, Salamunic, I, Zaja, I, Boban, M
Atherosclerosis. 2009;(1):255-60
Abstract
We examined the effects of acute, food-induced moderate increase of plasma uric acid (UA) on arterial stiffness and markers of oxidative damage in plasma in healthy males exposed to 100% normobaric oxygen. Acute elevation of plasma UA was induced by consumption of red wine, combination of ethanol and glycerol, or fructose. By using these beverages we were able to separate the effects of UA, wine polyphenols and ethanol. Water was used as a control beverage. Ten males randomly consumed test beverages in a cross-over design over the period of 4 weeks, one beverage per week. They breathed 100% O(2) between 60(th) and 90(th)min of the 4-h study protocol. Pulse wave augmentation index (AIx) at brachial and radial arteries, plasma antioxidant capacity (AOC), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) assessed by xylenol orange method, UA and blood ethanol concentrations were determined before and 60, 90, 120, 150 and 240 min after beverage consumption. Consumption of the beverages did not affect the AIx, TBARS or LOOH values during 60 min before exposure to hyperoxia, while AOC and plasma UA increased except in the water group. Significant increase of AIx, plasma TBARS and LOOH, which occurred during 30 min of hyperoxia in the water group, was largely prevented in the groups that consumed red wine, glycerol+ethanol or fructose. In contrast to chronic hyperuricemia, generally considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome, acute increase of UA acts protectively against hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress and related increase of arterial stiffness in large peripheral arteries.
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Effects of glucose-to-fructose ratios in solutions on subjective satiety, food intake, and satiety hormones in young men.
Akhavan, T, Anderson, GH
The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2007;(5):1354-63
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The greater prevalence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome in the past 35 y has been attributed to the replacement of sucrose in the food supply with high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). OBJECTIVE Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of solutions containing sucrose, HFCS, or various ratios of glucose to fructose (G:F) on food intake (FI), average appetite (AA), blood glucose (BG), plasma insulin, ghrelin, and uric acid (UA) in men. DESIGN Sugar solutions (300 kcal/300 mL) were (in %) G20:F80, HFCS 55 (G45:F55), sucrose, and G80:F20 (experiment 1, n = 12) and G20:F80, G35:F65, G50:F50, sucrose, and G80:F20 (experiment 2, n = 19). The controls were a sweet energy-free control (experiment 1) and water (both experiments). Solutions were provided in a repeated-measures design. AA, BG, and FI were measured in all subjects. Hormonal responses and UA were measured in 7 subjects in experiment 2. Measurements were taken from baseline to 75 min. FI was measured at 80 min. RESULTS Sucrose and HFCS (experiment 1) and sucrose and G50:F50 (experiment 2) had similar effects on all dependent measures. All sugar solutions similarly reduced the AA area under the curve (AUC). FI and plasma UA concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) lower after high-glucose solutions than after low-glucose solutions. The lower FI was associated with a greater BG AUC (P < 0.05) and smaller AA and ghrelin AUCs (P < 0.01). Insulin and BG AUCs were positively associated (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Sucrose, HFCS, and G50:F50 solutions do not differ significantly in their short-term effects on subjective and physiologic measures of satiety, UA, and FI at a subsequent meal.