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The impact of structured diabetes education on glycemic control during Ramadan fasting in diabetic patients in Beni Suef, Egypt.
Nassar, M, Ahmed, TM, AbdAllah, NH, El Sayed El Hadidy, K, Sheir, RE
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2021;(5):102249
Abstract
AIMS: Ramadan is a holy month for the Muslim community. Fasting Ramadan is directed by a systematic alteration in eating habits, sleeping times, and daily physical activities that optimize blood glucose levels. This study aims to evaluate the effects of structured education on safe fasting among diabetic patients. METHODS This study included diabetic patients with eligibility for the Ramadan fast. The control group included 494 patients who received standard diabetes education, while the intervention group included 407 patients who attained structured diabetes education. The patients were required to register their responses following the written, structured questionnaires before and after Ramadan fasts. In addition, patients were advised to keep a log of their hypoglycemic episodes. RESULT This study showed that structured diabetes education improved the blood glucose levels/glycemic control and outcomes of patients during their Ramadan fasting. The structured diabetes education helped reduce the incidence of hypoglycemic events and hyperglycemic crises. It also increased the acceptance and frequency of blood sugar level measurements among patients during Ramadan. CONCLUSION The standard diabetes management plan should include structured diabetes education measures to improve outcomes effectively. The providers should screen the patients with diabetes before Ramadan and educate them to improve their safe fasting practices.
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School education and childhood obesity: A systemic review.
Nga, VT, Dung, VNT, Chu, DT, Tien, NLB, Van Thanh, V, Ngoc, VTN, Hoan, LN, Phuong, NT, Pham, VH, Tao, Y, et al
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2019;(4):2495-2501
Abstract
Childhood obesity prevalence is shooting up at a phenomenal rate worldwide, leading to long-term devastating consequences. A great number of studies have investigated factors contributing to the increase in BMI of children and adolescents. School-based, home-based and clinic-based solutions have been suggested as possible viable strategies, among which school-based interventions is believed to produce a noticeable effect on a massive scale. However, the question of whether school interventions, especially school education exert significant impact on childhood obesity or not, is left with mixing results. This article aims to holistically review the relationship between school education and childhood obesity. Various factors are covered, including health education, nutrition education, school nutrition, physical education, teachers' awareness, teaching practice and school stress, In all, school education is not the answer to childhood obesity but just part of it. More attempts from other stakeholders (parents, community, policy makers, researchers, etc.) should be made in order to solve this complicated puzzle.
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Recomendations on non-pharmacological interventions in women with PCOS to reduce body weight and improve metabolic disorders [Zalecenia dotyczące postępowania niefarmakologicznego u kobiet z PCOS celem zmniejszenia masy ciała i poprawy zaburzeń metabolicznych].
Dutkowska, A, Konieczna, A, Breska-Kruszewska, J, Sendrakowska, M, Kowalska, I, Rachoń, D
Endokrynologia Polska. 2019;(2):198-212
Abstract
Women with PCOS are characterised by ovarian hyperandrogenism, which, apart from fertility problems, hirsutism, acne, and androgenic alopecia, also leads to the development of central (android) obesity and its adverse metabolic consequences. Additionally, women with PCOS have intrinsic insulin resistance (IR) with its consequent hyperinsulinaemia, which leads to the development of atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which give rise to cardiovascular disease (CVD), being the main cause of death among women. Although there are several publications on the topic of life-style changes in women with PCOS to normalise body weight and thus to reduce the adverse metabolic consequences of obesity, such as T2DM and CVD, the number of randomised studies that would enable the formation of strong recommendations is very limited. Nevertheless, taking into consideration the pathophysiology, any intervention implementing healthy dietary habits leading to the reduction of body weigh should be the core of non-pharmacological treatment in women with PCOS. The aim of the given recommendations herein is to point out and systemise the interventions on lifestyle change in women with PCOS as well as to form a practical guideline for the health care specialists, dieticians, and mental-therapists (psychologist) who take care of women with this syndrome.
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LA sprouts randomized controlled nutrition, cooking and gardening programme reduces obesity and metabolic risk in Hispanic/Latino youth.
Gatto, NM, Martinez, LC, Spruijt-Metz, D, Davis, JN
Pediatric obesity. 2017;(1):28-37
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Many programmes for children that involve gardening and nutrition components exist; however, none include experimental designs allowing more rigorous evaluation of their impact on obesity. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to explore the effects of a novel 12-week gardening, nutrition and cooking intervention {'LA Sprouts'} on dietary intake, obesity parameters and metabolic disease risk among low-income, primarily Hispanic/Latino youth in Los Angeles.. METHODS This study used a randomized control trial involving four elementary schools [two randomized to intervention {172, 3rd-5th grade students}; two randomized to control {147, 3rd-5th grade students}]. Classes were taught in 90-min sessions once per week for 12 weeks. Data collected at pre-intervention and post-intervention included dietary intake via food frequency questionnaire, anthropometric measures {body mass index, waist circumference}, body fat, and fasting blood samples. RESULTS LA Sprouts participants compared with controls had significantly greater reductions in body mass index z-scores {-0.1 vs. -0.04, respectively; p = 0.01} and waist circumference {-1.2 vs. 0.1 cm; p < 0.001}. Fewer LA Sprouts participants had the metabolic syndrome after the intervention than before, while controls with metabolic syndrome increased. LA Sprouts participants compared with controls increased dietary fiber intake {+3.4% vs. -16.5%; p = 0.04}. All participants decreased vegetable intake, but decreases were less in LA Sprouts than controls {-3.7% vs. -26.1%; p = 0.04}. Change in fruit intake did not differ between LA Sprouts and controls. CONCLUSIONS LA Sprouts was effective in reducing obesity and metabolic risk; however, additional larger and longer-term studies are warranted.
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Nurse-led empowerment strategies for hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome.
Chang, AK, Fritschi, C, Kim, MJ
Contemporary nurse. 2012;(1):118-28
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a nurse-led empowerment-based intervention to that of standard care on metabolic syndrome risk factors, self-management behaviors, and walking activity in Korean hypertensive patients. METHODS Using a quasi-experimental design, patients participated in an experimental group (N = 30) or control group (N = 22). The experimental group received eight weekly empowerment sessions, including lifestyle modification education, empowerment group discussions, and exercise training, while the control group received standard hypertension care. RESULTS The experimental group had significantly improved metabolic syndrome symptoms and prevalence, empowerment scores, self-management behaviors, and walking (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest that, in Korean hypertensive patients, empowerment interventions are more effective than standard care in improving metabolic syndrome risk factors, empowerment, self-management behaviors, and walking.
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Polycystic ovary syndrome and weight management.
Moran, LJ, Lombard, CB, Lim, S, Noakes, M, Teede, HJ
Women's health (London, England). 2010;(2):271-83
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Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in women of reproductive age, and has reproductive, metabolic and psychological implications. Weight gain and obesity worsen the features of PCOS, while weight loss improves the features of PCOS. While there are potential barriers to successful weight management in young women who do not suffer from PCOS, women with PCOS may experience additional barriers. Weight management strategies in younger women with or without PCOS should encompass both the prevention of excess weight gain and achieving and maintaining a reduced weight through multidisciplinary lifestyle management, comprising dietary, exercise and behavioral therapy, as well as attention to psychosocial stress and practical and physiological barriers to weight management. Further research is warranted in the examination of specific barriers to weight management in women with PCOS, as well as in the determination of optimal components of lifestyle weight management interventions in young women in order to facilitate long-term compliance.
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Effectiveness of comprehensive health education combining lifestyle education and hot spa bathing for male white-collar employees: a randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up.
Kamioka, H, Nakamura, Y, Okada, S, Kitayuguchi, J, Kamada, M, Honda, T, Matsui, Y, Mutoh, Y
Journal of epidemiology. 2009;(5):219-30
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is known to prevent obesity and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly people; however, the effectiveness of a comprehensive health education program for male white-collar employees is uncertain. METHODS Forty-three men volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly assigned into 2 groups. The intervention group participated in a 2-hour program comprising comprehensive health education and hot spa bathing, offered once every 2 weeks, in addition to individualized programs once a week, for 24 weeks. The control group received only general health guidance. We compared their lifestyle characteristics and physical and mental health criteria at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and 1 year after the end of the intervention. RESULTS Rates of adherence to individualized programs were 60.0 +/- 27.2% and 30.5 +/- 29.6% at the end of the intervention and at 1 year after the end of the intervention, respectively. Significant (P < 0.05) interaction of criteria was observed for cluster of differentiation 4+ (CD4+) cells and the ratio of cluster of differentiation 4+ to 8+ (CD4/8) cells, which were used to represent the participants' immunological function. We divided the intervention group into 2 subgroups on the basis of their attendance. Among the resulting 3 groups, significant interaction of criteria was observed for CD4+ and CD4/8 cells. In addition, the high attendance group had the highest CD4+ count and CD4/8 ratio. CONCLUSIONS Participants who attended classes and/or performed the supplementary individualized programs tended to maintain their immunological function and to experience a decrease in body fat percentage. However, few effects were noted in participants with poor adherence, even in the intervention group.