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1.
Exercise training modulates the gut microbiota profile and impairs inflammatory signaling pathways in obese children.
Quiroga, R, Nistal, E, Estébanez, B, Porras, D, Juárez-Fernández, M, Martínez-Flórez, S, García-Mediavilla, MV, de Paz, JA, González-Gallego, J, Sánchez-Campos, S, et al
Experimental & molecular medicine. 2020;(7):1048-1061
Abstract
Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels and is a serious health concern associated with metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and gut microbiota alterations. Physical exercise is known to counteract obesity progression and modulate the gut microbiota composition. This study aims to determine the effect of a 12-week strength and endurance combined training program on gut microbiota and inflammation in obese pediatric patients. Thirty-nine obese children were assigned randomly to the control or training group. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, muscular strength, and inflammatory signaling pathways in mononuclear cells were evaluated. Bacterial composition and functionality were determined by massive sequencing and metabolomic analysis. Exercise reduced plasma glucose levels and increased dynamic strength in the upper and lower extremities compared with the obese control group. Metagenomic analysis revealed a bacterial composition associated with obesity, showing changes at the phylum, class, and genus levels. Exercise counteracted this profile, significantly reducing the Proteobacteria phylum and Gammaproteobacteria class. Moreover, physical activity tended to increase some genera, such as Blautia, Dialister, and Roseburia, leading to a microbiota profile similar to that of healthy children. Metabolomic analysis revealed changes in short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, and several sugars in response to exercise, in correlation with a specific microbiota profile. Finally, the training protocol significantly inhibited the activation of the obesity-associated NLRP3 signaling pathway. Our data suggest the existence of an obesity-related deleterious microbiota profile that is positively modified by physical activity intervention. Exercise training could be considered an efficient nonpharmacological therapy, reducing inflammatory signaling pathways induced by obesity in children via microbiota modulation.
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2.
[Effect of Qingshen Granules on inflammation/hepcidin axis and iron metabolism in patients with renal anemia: a single-center, randomized controlled trial].
Zhang, L, Wang, Y, Jin, H, Wang, D, Wei, L, Ren, K, Mao, Y
Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University. 2019;(10):1155-1159
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Qingshen Granules on renal anemia in patients with damp-heat syndrome and explore the mechanisms in light of inflammation/hepcidin axis and iron metabolism. METHODS Sixty patients with renal anemia and dampness-heat syndrome were randomized into control group (n=30) and treatment group (n=30). All the patients were given routine treatment, and the patients in the treatment group received additional treatment with Qingshen Granules (3 times a day). After 12 weeks of treatments, the patients were examined for changes in the integral value of TCM syndrome, serum creatinine (Scr), glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), red blood cell (RBC) count, interleukin-6 (IL-6), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), ferritin, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), serum iron (SI), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TAST), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and ferritin levels. RESULTS After the treatment, the scores of TCM syndrome were significantly improved in the treatment group and were better than those in the control group (P=0.000). Scr and eGFR were improved in both groups after the treatment. The levels of HGB, HCT and RBC were all improved in the two groups after treatment, and the improvements were more obvious in the treatment group (P=0.002, 0.002, and 0.017, respectively). The levels of IL-6, hs-CRP, hepcidine and GDF-15 were all lowered in the two groups after the treatment, and they were all significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (all P=0.000). The treatments increased the levels of SI and TAST in both of the groups, and compared with those in control group, the levels of TIBC, sTfR and ferritin were significantly lowered in the treatment group after the 12-week treatment (P=0.000). CONCLUSIONS Qingshen granules can effectively improve renal anemia in patients with damp-heat syndrome possibly by improving iron metabolism through alleviation of inflammation and reduction of hepcidine level.
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3.
The effect of cumin supplementation on metabolic profiles in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized, triple blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Morovati, A, Pourghassem Gargari, B, Sarbakhsh, P, Azari, H, Lotfi-Dizaji, L
Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2019;(4):1182-1190
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interconnected serious disorders, which is a major health problem whose prevalence is increasing. Oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to the disease pathogenesis and its complications. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Cuminum cyminum L. (which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties) essential oil (CuEO) supplementation on inflammatory and antioxidant status in patients with MetS. In this clinical trial, 56 patients with MetS aged 18-60 years received either 75-mg CuEO or placebo soft gel, thrice daily, for 8 weeks. Data on anthropometric parameters, food consumption, tumor necrosis factor alpha, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, catalase, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Compared with the placebo group, CuEO increased SOD (149.17; 95% CI, [67.93, 230.42]), TAC (0.24; 95% CI, [0.09, 0.38]) and decreased MDA (-0.36; 95% CI, [-0.66, 0.06]), (p < 0.01). In within-group analysis, CuEO led to 13.3% decrease in MDA and 6.7% increase in TAC levels (p < 0.04). The results indicated that CuEO supplementation can improve some antioxidative indices, as SOD and TAC, while decreasing MDA in patients with MetS.
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4.
Evaluation of the effects of a standardized aqueous extract of Phyllanthus emblica fruits on endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and lipid profile in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled clinical study.
Usharani, P, Merugu, PL, Nutalapati, C
BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2019;(1):97
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction (ED) has been observed in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and contributes to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The primary management of MetS involves lifestyle modifications and treatment of its individual components with drugs all of which have side effects. Thus, it would be of advantageous if natural products would be used as adjuncts or substitutes for conventional drugs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of standardized aqueous extract of fruits of Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) 250 mg and 500 mg twice daily on ED, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and lipid profile in subjects with MetS. METHODS In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study endothelial function was measured by calculating reflection index (RI) using digital plethysmograph. Oxidative stress biomarkers used were nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Systemic inflammation was measured by determining high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and dyslipidemia by lipid profile. ANOVA, paired and unpaired t-test were used. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Out of 65 screened subjects all 59 enrolled completed the study. P. emblica aqueous extract (PEE), 250 mg and 500 mg twice daily dosing, showed significant reduction in mean RI, measure of endothelial function, at 8 and 12 weeks (p < 0.001) compared to baseline and placebo. Significant mean % change was seen in oxidative stress biomarkers, NO (+ 41.89%, + 50.7%), GSH (+ 24.31%, + 53.22%) and MDA (- 21.02%, - 31.44%), and systemic inflammation biomarker, hsCRP (- 39.68%, - 53.77%) (p < 0.001) at 12 weeks with 250 mg and 500 mg twice daily dosage respectively. Significant mean % change was also seen at 12 weeks with TC (- 7.71%, - 11.11%), HDL-C (+ 7.33% + 22.16%, p < 0.05), LDL-C (- 11.39%, - 21.8%) and TG (- 9.81%, - 19.22%) respectively with 250 mg and 500 mg twice daily (p < 0.001). PEE 500 mg twice daily was significantly more efficacious than the 250 mg twice daily and placebo. No participant discontinued the study because of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS P.emblica aqueous extract significantly improved endothelial function, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and lipid profile at both dosages tested, but especially at 500 mg twice daily. Thus, this product may be used as an adjunct to conventional therapy (lifestyle modification and pharmacological intervention) in the management of metabolic syndrome. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI) with the registration number of CTRI/2017/09/009606 . The study was registered retrospectively on 4th September 2017.
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5.
Evaluation of Agraz Consumption on Adipocytokines, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress Markers in Women with Metabolic Syndrome.
Espinosa-Moncada, J, Marín-Echeverri, C, Galvis-Pérez, Y, Ciro-Gómez, G, Aristizábal, JC, Blesso, CN, Fernandez, ML, Barona-Acevedo, J
Nutrients. 2018;(11)
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by increased oxidative stress and a pro-inflammatory state. Vaccinium meridionale Swartz (known as "agraz") is a berry rich in polyphenolic compounds with demonstrated antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of agraz consumption on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in women with MetS. Forty women with MetS (47 ± 9 years) were randomly assigned to consume daily either 200 mL of agraz nectar or placebo over four weeks in a double-blind, cross-over design study, separated by a 4-week washout period. Metabolic and inflammatory markers in serum and antioxidant/oxidative stress markers in serum and urine were assessed at the end of each period. Serum antioxidant capacity measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was significantly higher (p = 0.028), while urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was lower (p = 0.041) after agraz consumption, compared to placebo. In conclusion, consumption of agraz during four weeks increased serum antioxidant capacity and decreased a marker of DNA oxidative damage in women with MetS, compared to placebo. These results suggest that agraz consumption may play a protective role in patients with MetS.
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6.
Genistein supplementation improves insulin resistance and inflammatory state in non-alcoholic fatty liver patients: A randomized, controlled trial.
Amanat, S, Eftekhari, MH, Fararouei, M, Bagheri Lankarani, K, Massoumi, SJ
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2018;(4):1210-1215
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The beneficial effect of genistein has indicated on metabolic disorders and inflammatory state. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of genistein supplementation on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the hepatic manifest of metabolic syndrome. METHODS In the present randomized double-blind controlled trial, patients with NAFLD were daily supplemented with either 250 mg genistein (n = 41) or placebo (n = 41) for 8-weeks. Both groups were instructed to follow an energy-balanced diet and physical activity recommendations. And their anthropometric and biochemical indices were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS At the end of the study, the genistein group had lower level of serum insulin (p = 0.001) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.041) compare to the placebo group. In addition serum malondialdehyde (MDA) (p = 0.004), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (p = 0.045) and interleukin (IL)-6 (p = 0.018) also were lower in the genistein group. Compare with placebo, genistein supplementation significantly reduced waist to hip ratio (p = 0.021), body fat percentage (p = 0.015) and triglyceride (p = 0.018). However, there were no significant changes in BMI, fasting blood glucose (p = 0.122), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p = 0.536), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p = 0.265) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Oral supplementation with 250 mg genistein for 8-weeks can reduce insulin resistance, oxidative and inflammatory indices along with improvement in fat metabolism in patients with NAFLD. Studies with longer duration and larger samples might be needed to reveal other beneficial effects of genistein.
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7.
The effects of vitamin D supplementation on proatherogenic inflammatory markers and carotid intima media thickness in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Salekzamani, S, Bavil, AS, Mehralizadeh, H, Jafarabadi, MA, Ghezel, A, Gargari, BP
Endocrine. 2017;(1):51-59
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic syndrome may predispose to cardiovascular diseases. Since, in recent studies, vitamin D is advocated for cardioprotective roles, this study was designed to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on proatherogenic inflammatory markers and common carotid intima media thickness in subjects with metabolic syndrome. METHODS This randomized double blind clinical trial was conducted in Tabriz, Iran. Eligible subjects (n = 80) with metabolic syndrome were recruited thorough advertisement and randomized to receive either vitamin D (50,000 IU/week) or matching placebo for 16 weeks. Interlukin-6, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, and common carotid intima media thickness were measured at the beginning and end of the study. The study was registered at http://www.irct.ir (code: IRCT201409033140N14). RESULTS Sixteen weeks supplementation with vitamin D increased median of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] and mean calcium levels (p < 0.001) in the intervention group. There was also a significant difference in parathyroid hormone level at the end of the study (p < 0.001). Vitamin D treatment reduced IL-6 level after 16 weeks (p = 0.027). Compared to baseline, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin levels decreased significantly in vitamin D treated subjects; however, there were no significant differences between two groups. No effect of vitamin D supplementation was observed in either common carotid intima media thickness or high sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations at the end of the study (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation improved some proatherogenic inflammatory markers in subjects with metabolic syndrome. No changes of high sensitivity C-reactive protein and carotid intima media thickness were shown after 16 weeks.
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8.
Selenium Supplementation and the Effects on Reproductive Outcomes, Biomarkers of Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Razavi, M, Jamilian, M, Kashan, ZF, Heidar, Z, Mohseni, M, Ghandi, Y, Bagherian, T, Asemi, Z
Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme. 2016;(3):185-90
Abstract
Selenium supplementation could be effective on reproductive outcomes, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of the study was to determine the effects of selenium supplementation on reproductive outcomes, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress in PCOS patients. The present randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 64 women aged 18-40 years old with PCOS at the clinic affiliated to Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. The participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups receiving either 200 μg selenium daily (n=32) or placebo (n=32) for 8 weeks. Hormonal profiles, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress were measured and compared both before and after the treatment. After 8 weeks of intervention, pregnancy rate in the selenium group was higher than in the placebo group: 18.8 (6/32) vs. 3.1% (1/32), p=0.04. In addition, alopecia (40.6 vs. 9.4%, p=0.004) and acne (46.9 vs. 12.5 %, p=0.003) decreased following the consumption of selenium supplements compared with placebo. Additionally, patients who received selenium supplements had significantly decreased serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels (p=0.02), hirsutism (modified Ferriman-Gallwey scores) (p<0.001), serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (p=0.02), and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p=0.01) compared with placebo. We did not observe any significant effects of taking selenium supplements on other hormonal profiles, nitric oxide (NO), and other biomarkers of oxidative stress. Taken together, selenium supplementation for 8 weeks among PCOS women had beneficial effects on reproductive outcomes, DHEA, hs-CRP, and MDA levels. Supporting Information for this article is available online at http://www.thieme-connect.de/products.
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Dairy Consumption Lowers Systemic Inflammation and Liver Enzymes in Typically Low-Dairy Consumers with Clinical Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome.
Dugan, CE, Aguilar, D, Park, YK, Lee, JY, Fernandez, ML
Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 2016;(3):255-61
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A 6-week cross-over study design was used to determine the effect of increased dairy consumption in typically low-dairy consumers (n = 37) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) on systemic inflammation and hepatic enzymes. METHODS This was a randomized study in which participants consumed low-fat dairy (LFD) (10 oz 1% milk, 6 oz nonfat yogurt, 4 oz 2% cheese) or a carbohydrate-based control (CNT) (1.5 oz granola bar and 12 oz 100% juice) for 6 weeks. After a 4-week washout, they were allocated to the alternate dietary treatment. Inflammatory status was assessed by fasting plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and monocyte chemoattractant -1 (MCP-1). In addition, gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and TNF-α was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from a subset of 17 subjects (13 women, 3 men) at the end of each dietary period. Liver enzymes were also assessed to evaluate whether dairy components would affect hepatic function. RESULTS Participants had lower concentrations of both hepatic alanine aminotransferase (p < 0.05) and aspartate aminotransferase (p < 0.005) after the LFD period. No significant changes in any of the plasma inflammatory compounds were found when all data were analyzed together. In contrast, expression of IL-1b and IL-6 were reduced by 46% and 63%, respectively, compared to the control period. When stratified by gender, women had lower TNF-α, (p = 0.028) and MCP-1 (p = 0.001) following LFD consumption compared to CNT. In addition, hepatic steatosis index scores were significantly lower (p < 0.001) during the LFD period. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that three dairy servings per day improved both liver function and systemic inflammation in subjects with MetS.
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10.
The effects of canrenone on inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Derosa, G, Romano, D, Bianchi, L, D'Angelo, A, Maffioli, P
Annals of medicine. 2015;(1):47-52
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the effects of canrenone compared to placebo on blood pressure control, some non-conventional biomarkers in cardiovascular stratification, and on metalloproteinases in patients affected by metabolic syndrome. METHODS A total of 156 Caucasian patients were treated with placebo or canrenone, 50 mg once a day, for 3 months and then 50 mg twice a day, till the end of the study. We evaluated: systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body weight, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profile, plasma aldosterone, creatinine, potassium, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and -9), lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), and serum myeloperoxidase (MPO). RESULTS We observed a significant decrease of SBP and DBP in the canrenone group compared to baseline. Canrenone gave a significant decrease of MMP-2 and -9, Lp(a), and MPO compared to baseline, not observed with placebo. Plasma aldosterone, but not BNP, decreased with canrenone, both compared to baseline and to placebo. CONCLUSION Canrenone seems to be effective in reducing blood pressure in patients with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, canrenone seems also to improve MPO, Lp(a), and metalloproteinases in these patients.