1.
Pomegranate Juice Increases Sirtuin1 Protein in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell from Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial.
Sohrab, G, Nasrollahzadeh, J, Tohidi, M, Zand, H, Nikpayam, O
Metabolic syndrome and related disorders. 2018;(8):446-451
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined anti-inflammatory effects of pomegranate juice (PJ). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of PJ on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and sirtuin1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), and plasma vascular inflammation biomarkers. METHODS Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to either the PJ (n = 22) or the placebo group (n = 22). The patients in the PJ group received 250 mL of PJ daily for 12 weeks, whereas the placebo group received corresponding control beverages of similar color and energy content. At baseline and at the end of week 12, fasting plasma concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule type 1 (sVCAM-1), and soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) were measured. NF-κB p65 and SIRT1 were measured in the PBMC. RESULTS Plasma sE-selectin concentration decreased significantly in the PJ group at the end of week 12 compared to baseline (P < 0.001 for treatment effect), and the reduction was significant in comparison with the placebo group (P < 0.05 for treatment effect). There were no significant differences between the two groups in plasma sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1. At the end of the study, compared with the placebo group, NF-κB p65 in PBMC was significantly lower (P < 0.01 for treatment effect) and SIRT1 was significantly higher (P < 0.0001 for treatment effect) in the PJ group. CONCLUSION This study supports the PJ consumption as a food with potential benefits in individuals with type 2 diabetes as evidenced by improvements in NF-κB and SIRT1 levels in PBMC of study participants.
2.
Egg intake during carbohydrate restriction alters peripheral blood mononuclear cell inflammation and cholesterol homeostasis in metabolic syndrome.
Andersen, CJ, Lee, JY, Blesso, CN, Carr, TP, Fernandez, ML
Nutrients. 2014;(7):2650-67
Abstract
Egg yolk contains bioactive components that improve plasma inflammatory markers and HDL profiles in metabolic syndrome (MetS) under carbohydrate restriction. We further sought to determine whether egg yolk intake affects peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) inflammation and cholesterol homeostasis in MetS, as HDL and its associated lipid transporter ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) reduce the inflammatory potential of leukocytes through modulation of cellular cholesterol content and distribution. Thirty-seven men and women classified with MetS consumed a moderate carbohydrate-restricted diet (25%-30% of energy) for 12 weeks, in addition to consuming either three whole eggs per day (EGG) or the equivalent amount of yolk-free egg substitute (SUB). Interestingly, lipopolysaccharide-induced PBMC IL-1β and TNFα secretion increased from baseline to week 12 in the SUB group only, despite increases in PBMC toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA expression in the EGG group. Compared to baseline, ABCA1 and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase mRNA expression increased by week 12 in the EGG group only, whereas changes in PBMC total cholesterol positively correlated with changes in lipid raft content. Together, these findings suggest that intake of whole eggs during carbohydrate restriction alters PBMC inflammation and cholesterol homeostasis in MetS.
3.
A combination of (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols and L-carnitine reduces the plasma lipid levels and increases the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and HepG2 cells.
Radler, U, Stangl, H, Lechner, S, Lienbacher, G, Krepp, R, Zeller, E, Brachinger, M, Eller-Berndl, D, Fischer, A, Anzur, C, et al
Annals of nutrition & metabolism. 2011;(2):133-40
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia and obesity are associated with metabolic syndrome and increased risk in developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Nutritional supplements, e.g. L-carnitine and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), exert lipid-lowering effects. Hence, the hypothesis that dietetic intervention reduces plasma lipid levels and metabolic enzymes in overweight hyperlipidemic subjects was tested. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In a prospective placebo-controlled double-blind study in 22 moderately hyperlipidemic obese humans consuming low-fat yoghurt enriched with a combination of low-dose PUFAs, polyphenols and L-carnitine (PPC) twice a day for 12 weeks were compared to 20 matching participants ingesting low-fat yoghurt. The effects on plasma lipids and expression of enzymes involved in regulation of fatty acid oxidation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and HepG2 cells were evaluated. RESULTS PPC consumption led to significantly reduced plasma free fatty acid (-29%) and triglyceride (-24%) concentrations (each p < 0.05). PPC application increased significantly peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) mRNA abundances and those of PPARα target genes (carnitine palmitoyltransferases-1, CPT1A and CPT1B, carnitine acetyltransferase and organic cation transporter 2; each p < 0.05) in PBMCs. In controls, plasma lipid levels and PBMC gene expression did not change. These findings were substantiated by the results of cell culture experiments in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION Supplementation of PPC had marked lipid-lowering effects and PBMC gene expression profiles seemed to reflect nutrition-related metabolic changes.