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The effects of canola and olive oils consumption compared to sunflower oil, on lipid profile and hepatic steatosis in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.
Yahay, M, Heidari, Z, Allameh, Z, Amani, R
Lipids in health and disease. 2021;(1):7
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies and metabolic disorders in women during their reproductive years. It is often associated with dyslipidemia and other risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study was aimed to evaluate dietary intervention effects with canola and olive oils compared to sunflower oil on lipid profile and fatty liver severity among women with PCOS. METHOD This study was a 10-week intervention including 72 women with PCOS. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups for receiving 25 g/day canola, olive, or sunflower oils for 10 weeks. The primary and secondary outcomes were to assess changes in lipid profile and in fatty liver severity, respectively. RESULT At the end of the study, 72 patients with a mean age of 29.31 were analysed. Canola oil consumption resulted in a significant reduction in serum levels of TG (P = 0.002) and TC/HDL (P = 0.021), LDL/HDL (P = 0.047), and TG/HDL (P = 0.001) ratios, however, there was no significant reduction in lipid profile following olive oil consumption. Canola (P < 0.001) and olive oils (P = 0.005) could significantly reduce the fatty liver grade. Moreover, HOMA-IR in both canola (P < 0.001) and olive (P = 0.004) groups was significantly decreased. CONCLUSION In total, compared to olive and sunflower oils, significant improvements in lipid profile, liver function, and HOMA-IR were observed following canola oil consumption in women with PCOS. TRIAL REGISTRATION IR.MUI. RESEARCH REC.1397.315. Registered 30 JUNE 2019 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.irct.ir/trial/38684.
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Body Weight Reduction of 5% Improved Blood Pressure and Lipid Profiles in Obese Men and Blood Glucose in Obese Women: A Four-Year Follow-up Observational Study.
Hasegawa, Y, Nakagami, T, Oya, J, Takahashi, K, Isago, C, Kurita, M, Tanaka, Y, Ito, A, Kasahara, T, Uchigata, Y
Metabolic syndrome and related disorders. 2019;(5):250-258
Abstract
Background: Body weight reduction (BWR) of at least 3% in obese Japanese individuals through lifestyle interventions has improved the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to assess the relation between body weight change (BWC) and CVD risk change and to identify lifestyle improvement related to BWR in obese Japanese individuals. Methods: Subjects were 2579 health checkup examinees without medicated diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidemia, and a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 who completed lifestyle questionnaires in 2008 and 2012. The 4-year changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipids, and blood pressure (BP) levels were compared across the five groups based on the 4-year BWC, and presented as <-5%, -5% to -3%, -3% to -1%, -1% to 1%, and ≥1%. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lifestyle improvement related to BWR. Results: Comparing the groups to the reference group (BWC ranging from -1% to +1%), we observed that FPG and HbA1c levels were lower in women in the <-5% group; BP levels were also lower in the <-5% group; triglyceride levels had improved in the <-3% group, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the <-5% group; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels had improved in men in the <-5% group. In men, the adjusted OR (95% CI) for BWR related to lifestyle improvement pertaining to "over 30 min exercise" was 2.6 (2.0-3.6). In women, the adjusted ORs for BWR related to "walking or physical activity," "drinking alcohol," and "drinking more than a glass of sake" were 1.7 (1.1-2.7), 1.9 (1.1-3.5), and 1.8 (1.1-3.0), respectively. Conclusions: A 5% BWR improved FPG and HbA1c levels in obese women, and BP and lipid levels in obese men. Improvements in exercise and alcohol consumption habits were associated with BWR in this population.
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Among young Sri Lankan patients with diabetes, how do lipid profiles differ between those with and without metabolic syndrome?
Katulanda, GW, Dissanayake, HA, Katulanda, P, Matthews, DR, Shine, B
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2019;(5):3057-3063
Abstract
AIMS: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Apolipoproteins are emerging as powerful predictors of CVD. We aimed to study associations of metabolic syndrome and apoB, apoAI, apoB/AI ratio in young Sri Lankans with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS & METHODS Blood samples were available from 690 patients with type 2 diabetes in Sri Lanka Young Diabetes Study, and were analysed for apoB, apoAI, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), triglycerides (TG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Their associations with MetS as perNCEP/ATPIII criteria were studied. RESULTS MetS was present in 60.9% of subjects. Of those with MetS, 76.0% were women. Those with MetS had higher apoB (1.27 V s 1.19 mmol/L; p = 0.001), apoB/AI (0.80 V s 0.75; p = 0.001), non-HDL cholesterol (NHDLC) (4.15 V s 3.98 mmol/L; p = 0.002),and triglycerides (1.51 V s 1.31 mmol/L; p < 0.001) and lower apoAI (1.58 V s 1.60 mmol/L; p = 0.03) and HDLC (1.02 V s 1.16 mmol/L, p < 0.001). ApoB and apoB/AIlevels increased significantly as the number of MetS components increased. ApoB and apoB:AI ratio were independently associated with MetS and components. CONCLUSION MetS showed a high prevalence among young Sri Lankans with diabetes. Elevated apoB is commonly clustered with other risk indicators in MetS.
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Effects of Two Different Dietary Patterns on Inflammatory Markers, Advanced Glycation End Products and Lipids in Subjects without Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised Crossover Study.
Kim, Y, Keogh, JB, Clifton, PM
Nutrients. 2017;(4)
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of red and processed meat and refined grains are associated with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome and increased inflammatory and fibrinolytic markers. We hypothesised that a diet high in red and processed meat and refined grains (HMD) would increase inflammatory markers and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) compared with a diet high in dairy, whole grains, nuts and legumes (HWD). We performed a randomised crossover study of two four-week interventions in 51 participants without type 2 diabetes (15 men and 36 women aged 35.1 ± 15.6 years; body mass index: 27.7 ± 6.9 kg/m²). No baseline measurements were performed. Plasma fluorescent AGEs, carboxymethyllysine, glucose, insulin, lipids, hs-CRP, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were analysed after four weeks on each diet. IL-6, hs-CRP, AGEs and carboxymethyllysine were not different between diets but PAI-1 was higher after the HMD than after HWD ((median and interquartile range) 158, 81 vs. 121, 53 ng/mL p < 0.001). PAI-1 on the HWD diet was inversely correlated with whole grains intake (p = 0.007). PAI-1 was inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity index (r = -0.45; p = 0.001) and positively correlated with serum total cholesterol (r = 0.35; p = 0.012) and serum triglyceride (r = 0.32; p = 0.021) on HMD. This trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12614000519651).
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One month of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improves lipid profiles, glucose levels and blood pressure in overweight schoolchildren with metabolic syndrome.
García-López, S, Villanueva Arriaga, RE, Nájera Medina, O, Rodríguez López, CP, Figueroa-Valverde, L, Cervera, EG, Muñozcano Skidmore, O, Rosas-Nexticapa, M
Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM. 2016;(10):1143-1150
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to investigate the effects of omega (ω)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on the lipid profiles and glucose (GLU) levels of overweight (OW) schoolchildren with metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS Thirty-nine OW schoolchildren with MS, including 19 girls and 20 boys, received 1-month of dietary supplementation with gel capsules containing ω-3 fatty acids. Fasting lipid profiles and GLU levels were measured before and after supplementation. RESULTS Both sexes of OW schoolchildren with MS who received daily supplementation with 2.4 g of ω-3 fatty acids for 1 month displayed improved lipid profiles, reduced fasting GLU levels and reduced blood pressure (BP). CONCLUSIONS These findings support the addition of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation to programs aiming to improve the metabolic status of OW children with MS, although additional research on the longer-term safety and efficacy of this treatment in this population is required.
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Body Weight Reduction Results in Favorable Changes in Blood Pressure, Serum Lipids, and Blood Sugar in Middle-Aged Japanese Persons: A 5-Year Interval Observational Study of 26,824 Cases.
Mandai, N, Akazawa, K, Hara, N, Ide, Y, Ide, K, Dazai, U, Chishaki, A, Chishaki, H
Global journal of health science. 2015;(5):159-70
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the relationships between body weight (BWt) and metabolic syndrome (MS) risk factors to elucidate the effect of BWt (?BWt) change and body mass index (BMI) on these factors in the Japanese population. METHODS Data were collected on MS-related parameters measured during two annual examinations of 16,640 men (mean age: 41.7±11.6 years) and 10,184 women (mean age: 45.0±12.2 years) without prior treatment of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia in 2006 and 2011 in Fukuoka, Japan. The subjects were divided into three groups according to BMI in 2006 (low, middle and high BMI) and into three groups according to change in BMI between 2006 and 2011 (decreased, stable, and increased BMI). Mean values for blood pressure (BP), systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) for each group were determined by sex and subjected to statistical analysis for comparison. RESULTS High BMI (>26) was associated with higher SBP, LDL-C, FBG, and TG in both sexes. An increase≥1.1 BMI units in 5 years was associated with increased DBP, LDL-C, TG, HbA1c, and FBG and decreased HDL-C. In contrast, decreased BMI was associated with decreased BP and LDL-C and increased HDL-C in both sexes, and decreased TG in men and FBG in women. CONCLUSIONS Maintaining a desirable weight or losing weight may help prevent hypertension and MS, even in non-obese individuals.
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Effects of amount and type of dietary fats on postprandial lipemia and thrombogenic markers in individuals with metabolic syndrome.
Teng, KT, Chang, CY, Kanthimathi, MS, Tan, AT, Nesaretnam, K
Atherosclerosis. 2015;(1):281-7
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postprandial lipemia has been reported to affect endothelial function by thrombogenic and inflammatory pathways. We set out to investigate the impact of a) specific amount (50 g vs 20 g fat), and b) type of fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids; SFA, MUFA, PUFA) on postprandial lipemia, thrombogenic and inflammatory factors in metabolic syndrome subjects. DESIGN 30 subjects (15 men, 15 women) participated in a double-blind, randomized crossover design study with both the subjects and investigators blinded to treatments. Blood samples were collected at fasting and 30 min, hourly interval for a total of 6 h. RESULTS As expected, lower triacylglycerol response was observed for low fat/high carbohydrate meal; whereas no difference was detected between the types of fatty acids. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for low fat/high carbohydrate meal was 70%, 81% and 61% lower than the SFA, MUFA and PUFA meals, respectively. The iAUC 0-6 h for triacylglycerol was 42% lower in women compared with the men (P = 0.024), with the similar trend observed for non-esterified fatty acids. There were significant meal × time interaction (P = 0.000) for plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and thromboxane B2 (P = 0.022) from baseline. No differences were observed between meals for plasma D-dimer, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and high sensitivity C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION These data indicate that in metabolic syndrome subjects, only the amount of dietary fatty acids affects postprandial lipemia but both amount and type of dietary fats alter thrombogenic factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01571947).
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Comparative changes of lipid levels in treatment-naive, HIV-1-infected adults treated with dolutegravir vs. efavirenz, raltegravir, and ritonavir-boosted darunavir-based regimens over 48 weeks.
Quercia, R, Roberts, J, Martin-Carpenter, L, Zala, C
Clinical drug investigation. 2015;(3):211-9
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Long-term use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to treat HIV infection has been associated with dyslipidemia and metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Available options for patients at risk of cardiovascular disease include antiretroviral drugs with improved lipid profiles. Dolutegravir is one of a new generation of HIV integrase inhibitors recently incorporated into the US Department of Health and Human Services, German, Spanish, and Italian HIV treatment guidelines as a preferred first-line third agent in combination with dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone therapies. To understand the lipid profile of dolutegravir in the context of combination ART, we analyzed the lipid outcomes at 48 weeks in ART-naive participants in four phase IIb-IIIb clinical trials. METHODS Variables included in this analysis were total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C), TC/HDL ratio, and triglycerides at baseline and week 48. RESULTS In a comparative analysis, dolutegravir demonstrated a broadly neutral effect on lipids versus efavirenz or ritonavir-boosted darunavir; in both comparisons, patients taking dolutegravir exhibited smaller increases in TC, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels. In comparison with raltegravir, dolutegravir exhibited a similar lipid profile, including small increases in TC, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels for both agents. In the pooled dolutegravir analysis, minimal increases in LDL-C and triglycerides were observed but mean values at 48 weeks remained below National Cholesterol Education Program target levels. HDL-C levels increased at 48 weeks, and the mean TC/HDL-C ratio was 0.6 at 48 weeks; these values are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data show that dolutegravir has a safer lipid profile in combination ART and provides an important treatment option for older patients who may have other risk factors for metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular disease.
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Cardiovascular risk, lipidemic phenotype and steatosis. A comparative analysis of cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic liver disease due to varying etiology.
Loria, P, Marchesini, G, Nascimbeni, F, Ballestri, S, Maurantonio, M, Carubbi, F, Ratziu, V, Lonardo, A
Atherosclerosis. 2014;(1):99-109
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver regulates lipid metabolism in health and disease states. Nevertheless, the entity of cardiovascular risk (CVR) resulting from dysregulation of lipid metabolism secondary to liver disease is poorly characterized. AIM AND METHODS To review, based on a PubMed literature search, the features and the determinants of serum lipid phenotype and its correlation with hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance (IR) and CVR across the wide spectrum of the most common chronic liver diseases due to different etiologies. RESULTS Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is associated with steatosis, IR and a typical lipid profile. The relationship between alcohol intake, incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and CVR describes a J-shaped curve. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and probably nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in particular, is associated with IR, atherogenic dyslipidemia and increased CVR independent of traditional risk factors. Moreover, NASH-cirrhosis and T2D contribute to increasing CVR in liver transplant recipients. HBV infection is generally free from IR, steatosis and CVR. HCV-associated dysmetabolic syndrome, featuring steatosis, hypocholesterolemia and IR, appears to be associated with substantially increased CVR. Hyperlipidemia is an almost universal finding in primary biliary cirrhosis, a condition typically spared from steatosis and associated with neither subclinical atherosclerosis nor excess CVR. Finally, little is known on CVR in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS CVR is increased in ALD, NAFLD and chronic HCV infection, all conditions featuring IR and steatosis. Therefore, irrespective of serum lipid phenotype, hepatic steatosis and IR may be major shared determinants in amplifying CVR in common liver disease due to varying etiology.
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Comparison of fasting blood sugar and serum lipid profile changes after treatment with atypical antipsychotics olanzapine and risperidone.
Kaushal, J, Bhutani, G, Gupta, R
Singapore medical journal. 2012;(7):488-92
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to compare the effects of the two most commonly prescribed atypical antipsychotics, olanzapine and risperidone, on fasting blood sugar and serum lipid profile of the recipients. METHODS A randomised, comparative, open clinical study was conducted on 60 schizophrenic patients. The patients were divided into two groups, one receiving olanzapine and the other receiving risperidone. The patients were assessed for changes in fasting blood sugar and serum lipid profile (triglycerides [TG], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], very-low-density lipoprotein [VLDL] and total cholesterol) eight weeks after starting treatment. The number of patients positive for fasting blood sugar and lipid profile criteria of metabolic syndrome was calculated by applying the modified National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines (NCEP ATP III) criteria at eight weeks. RESULTS Patients treated with olanzapine showed a highly significant increase in the observed parameters, whereas those treated with risperidone showed a significant increase in fasting blood sugar, HDL and LDL levels, and a highly significant increase in other parameters. Intergroup comparison was insignificant except for TG, VLDL and total cholesterol levels. More men as compared to women fulfilled the NCEP ATP III criteria for metabolic syndrome in both groups. CONCLUSION Olanzapine has a higher propensity to cause derangement of some parameters of lipid profile than risperidone. These parameters include TG, VLDL and total cholesterol levels.