-
1.
Effects of low fructose diet on glycemic control, lipid profile and systemic inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes: A single-blind randomized controlled trial.
Jalilvand, A, Behrouz, V, Nikpayam, O, Sohrab, G, Hekmatdoost, A
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2020;(5):849-855
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Type 2 diabetes is one of the global epidemic disorders, which causes many side effects on the body. Fructose is a lipogenic monosaccharide. Recent studies have reported the adverse effects of this carbohydrate on diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a low-fructose diet on the metabolic alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS This study was a randomized, single-blind clinical trial on 50 patients with type 2 diabetes. Participants randomly allocated to two groups, to receive either diabetic-diet or diabetic-diet with low-fructose for 8-weeks. Anthropometric measurements, systolic blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and metabolic factors were assessed at baseline and the end of the trial. RESULTS At the end of trial, reduction in body weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure were not significant except for DBP (P = 0.013). Statistical analysis showed that low-fructose diet compared to control group significantly declined fasting blood glucose (FBG), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), Triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P = 0.015, P = 0.001, P=<0.0001, P= <0.0001 and P= <0.0001 respectively). CONCLUSION Our results showed that eight weeks of low-fructose diet results in a significant improvement in FBG, HbA1c, TG, HDL-C and hs-CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes.
-
2.
Effects of curcumin on body weight, glycemic control and serum lipids in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Jamilian, M, Foroozanfard, F, Kavossian, E, Aghadavod, E, Shafabakhsh, R, Hoseini, A, Asemi, Z
Clinical nutrition ESPEN. 2020;:128-133
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin on body weight, glycemic control and serum lipids in women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS The current randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 60 subjects with PCOS, aged 18-40 years old. Subjects were randomly allocated to take 500 mg/day curcumin (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Glycemic control and serum lipids were measured at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. Using RT-PCR method, gene expression related to insulin and lipid metabolism was evaluated. RESULTS Curcumin significantly decreased weight (-0.8 ± 0.9 vs. -0.2 ± 0.8 kg, P = 0.03) and BMI (-0.3 ± 0.4 vs. -0.1 ± 0.3 kg/m2, P = 0.03). Curcumin, compared with the placebo, significantly reduced fasting glucose (β -2.63 mg/dL; 95% CI, -4.21, -1.05; P = 0.002), serum insulin (β -1.16 μIU/mL; 95% CI, -2.12, -0.19; P = 0.02), insulin resistance (β -0.26; 95% CI, -0.48, -0.03; P = 0.02), and significantly increased insulin sensitivity (β 0.006; 95% CI, 0.001, 0.01; P = 0.02). In addition, taking curcumin was associated with a significant reduction in total cholesterol (β -15.86 mg/dL; 95% CI, -24.48, -7.24; P = 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (β -16.09 mg/dL; 95% CI, -25.11, -7.06; P = 0.001) and total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (β -0.62; 95% CI, -0.93, -0.30; P < 0.001), and a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol levels (β 2.14 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.36, 3.92; P = 0.01) compared with the placebo. Additionally, curcumin administration up-regulated gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) (P = 0.03) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) (P < 0.001) compared with the placebo. CONCLUSIONS Overall, curcumin administration for 12 weeks to women with PCOS had beneficial effects on body weight, glycemic control, serum lipids except triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol levels, and gene expression of PPAR-γ and LDLR. Registered under Clinical Trials.gov Identifier no. http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20170513033941N50.
-
3.
Disentangling the Effects of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids from Other Components of a Mediterranean Diet on Serum Metabolite Profiles: A Randomized Fully Controlled Dietary Intervention in Healthy Subjects at Risk of the Metabolic Syndrome.
Michielsen, CCJR, Hangelbroek, RWJ, Feskens, EJM, Afman, LA
Molecular nutrition & food research. 2019;(9):e1801095
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
SCOPE The Mediterranean (MED) diet has been associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases. It is unclear whether this health effect can be mainly contributed to high intakes of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), characteristic for the MED diet, or whether other components of a MED diet also play an important role. METHODS AND RESULTS A randomized fully controlled parallel trial is performed to examine the effects of the consumption of a saturated fatty acid rich diet, a MUFA-rich diet, or a MED diet for 8 weeks on metabolite profiles, in 47 subjects at risk of the metabolic syndrome. A total of 162 serum metabolites are assessed before and after the intervention by using a targeted NMR platform. Fifty-two metabolites are changed during the intervention (false discovery rate [FDR] p < 0.05). Both the MUFA and MED diet decrease exactly the same fractions of LDL, including particle number, lipid, phospholipid, and free cholesterol fraction (FDR p < 0.05). The MED diet additionally decreases the larger subclasses of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), related VLDL fractions, VLDL-triglycerides, and serum-triglycerides (FDR p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings clearly demonstrate that the MUFA component is responsible for reducing LDL subclasses and fractions, and therefore causes an antiatherogenic lipid profile. Interestingly, consumption of the other components in the MED diet show additional health effects.
-
4.
Diets Enriched with Conventional or High-Oleic Acid Canola Oils Lower Atherogenic Lipids and Lipoproteins Compared to a Diet with a Western Fatty Acid Profile in Adults with Central Adiposity.
Bowen, KJ, Kris-Etherton, PM, West, SG, Fleming, JA, Connelly, PW, Lamarche, B, Couture, P, Jenkins, DJA, Taylor, CG, Zahradka, P, et al
The Journal of nutrition. 2019;(3):471-478
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel oils high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and low in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are an alternative to partially hydrogenated oils high in trans-unsaturated fatty acids. There is widespread use of high-MUFA oils across the food industry; however, limited knowledge of their cardiovascular impact exists. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of diets containing canola oil, high-oleic acid canola oil (HOCO), and a control oil blend (diet formulated to emulate a Western fat profile) on lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins (apos), as secondary outcomes of the trial. METHODS In a multi-center, double-blind, randomized, 3-period crossover, controlled feeding trial, men (n = 44) and women (n = 75) with a mean age of 44 y, mean body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) of 31.7, and an increased waist circumference plus ≥1 metabolic syndrome criteria consumed prepared, weight-maintenance diets containing canola oil [17.5% MUFAs, 9.2% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), 6.6% SFAs], HOCO (19.1% MUFAs, 7.0% PUFAs, 6.4% SFAs), or control oil (10.5% MUFAs, 10.0% PUFAs, 12.3% SFAs) for 6 wk with ≥4-wk washouts. Fasting serum lipids were assessed at baseline and 6 wk. Diet effects were examined using a repeated measures mixed model. RESULTS Compared with the control, canola and HOCO diets resulted in lower endpoint total cholesterol (TC; -4.2% and -3.4%; P < 0.0001), LDL cholesterol (-6.6% and -5.6%; P < 0.0001), apoB (-3.7% and -3.4%; P = 0.002), and non-HDL cholesterol (-4.5% and -4.0%; P = 0.001), with no differences between canola diets. The TC:HDL cholesterol and apoB:apoA1 ratios were lower after the HOCO diet than after the control diet (-3.7% and -3.4%, respectively). There were no diet effects on triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, or apoA1 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS HOCO, with increased MUFAs at the expense of decreased PUFAs, elicited beneficial effects on lipids and lipoproteins comparable to conventional canola oil and consistent with reduced cardiovascular disease risk in adults with central adiposity. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02029833.
-
5.
Are dietary amino acids prospectively predicts changes in serum lipid profile?
Teymoori, F, Asghari, G, Salehi, P, Sadeghian, S, Mirmiran, P, Azizi, F
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2019;(3):1837-1843
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides of dietary fat and carbohydrate, amino acids(AAs), as constituent components of dietary protein have been related with serum lipid levels. This study aims to examine the association between dietary AAs and prospective changes in serum lipid profile in adults. METHODS Analyses were conducted on 3881 participants aged, 18-75 years of Tehran lipid and Glucose study, at baseline (2008-2011) and were followed for 3 years (2011-2014) to ascertain serum lipid profile changes. Dietary intakes of AAs were collected at baseline using food frequency questionnaire. Multiple linear regression adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, smoking and daily intakes of energy, total fat, and fiber were used. RESULTS The median(IQR) changes in triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were 6.0(-19.0, -35.5), 9.0(7.0, -24.0), 1.0(-3.0, -6.0), and 5.2(-8.0, -18.6) mg/dl, respectively. Higher intakes of isoleucine, lysine, tyrosine, alanine, threonine, methionine, valine, histidine, aspartic acid, and branched chain, alkaline, and alcoholic AAs were positively associated with TGs-changes in the final adjusted model, whereas tryptophan, glutamic acid, and acidic AAs were negatively related to TG-changes. Alanine and tryptophan were associated with higher and lower LDL-C-changes, respectively. Lysine, alanine, methionine, aspartic acid, and alkaline AAs showed positive association with changes in TC, whereas tryptophan and glutamic acid had a negative association with TC-changes. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that some dietary amino acids have the potential to increase or decrease serum lipid profile.
-
6.
Kuntai capsules improve glucolipid metabolism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Liang, R, Liu, Z, Li, P, Fan, P, Xu, L, Sun, X, Peng, J, Peng, X, Zhang, M
Medicine. 2019;(39):e16788
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to observe the effect and safety of Heyan Kuntai Capsule (HYKT) on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS Hundred patients with PCOS were randomly divided into HYKT group (n = 50) and placebo groups (n = 50) in which the individuals were treated with HYKT and its placebo continuously for 6 months. Meanwhile, all participants received health education (such as exercise and diet). The primary outcomes were serum sex hormone levels, a series of blood lipid, fasting and postprandial 2 hours blood glucose. Body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and insulin-sensitive index (ISI) were also observed. In addition, adverse events were recorded to evaluate the drug safety. RESULTS After treatment, the BMI and WHR of all the patients were decreased. The fasting and postprandial 2 hours blood glucose levels were significantly declined when treated with HYKT, which were not observed in the placebo group. Similarly, serum sex hormones including luteinizing hormone (LH), LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone were lowered after treated with HYKT instead of the placebo. Besides, blood lipids outcomes such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as insulin and HOMA-IR were decreased with significance in HYKT group when compared with those in the placebo group, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and ISI increased obviously. CONCLUSION HYKT showed the effect on ameliorating the glucose and lipid metabolism disorder and improving insulin resistance and increase insulin sensitivity of PCOS patients, which is similar to insulin sensitizing agent.
-
7.
A pre-meal of whey proteins induces differential effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in subjects with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised cross-over trial.
Bjørnshave, A, Holst, JJ, Hermansen, K
European journal of nutrition. 2019;(2):755-764
Abstract
PURPOSE Postprandial lipaemia (PPL), an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is affected by composition and timing of meals. We evaluated if whey proteins (WP) consumed as a pre-meal before a fat-rich meal reduce postprandial triglyceride (TG) and apolipoprotein B-48 (ApoB-48) responses in subjects with the metabolic syndrome (MeS). METHODS An acute, randomised, cross-over trial was conducted. 20 subjects with MeS consumed a pre-meal of 0, 10 or 20 g WP 15 min prior to a fat-rich meal. The responses of TG and ApoB-48 were assessed. We also analysed postprandial responses of free fatty acids (FFA), glucose, insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and paracetamol (reflecting gastric emptying rates). RESULTS WP pre-meal did not alter the TG or ApoB-48 responses. In contrast, the insulin response was more pronounced after a pre-meal of 20 g WP than with 10 g WP (P = 0.0005) and placebo (P < 0.0001). Likewise, the postprandial glucagon response was greater with a pre-meal of 20 g WP than with 10 g WP (P < 0.0001) and 0 g WP (P < 0.0001). A pre-meal with 20 g of WP generated lower glucose (P = 0.0148) and S-paracetamol responses (P = 0.0003) and a higher GLP-1 response (P = 0.0086) than placebo. However, the pre-meal did not influence responses of GIP, FFA or appetite assessed by a Visual Analog Scale. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of a WP pre-meal prior to a fat-rich meal did not affect TG and chylomicron responses. In contrast, the WP pre-meal stimulates insulin and glucagon secretion and reduces blood glucose as expected, and delays gastric emptying. Consequently, our study points to a differential impact of a WP pre-meal on lipid and glucose metabolism to a fat-rich meal in subjects with MeS.
-
8.
The effect of probiotic supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized placebo controlled trial.
Razmpoosh, E, Javadi, A, Ejtahed, HS, Mirmiran, P, Javadi, M, Yousefinejad, A
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2019;(1):175-182
Abstract
AIMS: The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of diabetes is increasing; this study investigates the effect of multi-strain probiotics on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), plasma insulin and lipid profile among patients. METHODS This randomized double blind controlled trial was performed among 60 patients; individuals were randomly assigned into 2 groups of 30 participants in order to take either probiotic supplements or placebo for 6 weeks. The probiotic supplement consisted of 7 viable strains Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus. Nutrient intakes were estimated using a 3-day and 24 hour-dietary recall at the beginning and end of study. Fasting blood samples were taken before and after intervention to measure the levels of FPG, plasma insulin and lipid profiles. RESULTS Within group comparisons showed significant decrease and increase in the levels of FPG (P = 0.001) and HDL-C (P = 0.002) in probiotic group, respectively. No significant alterations were observed for within and between group comparisons in the levels of insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, insulin resistance and anthropometric measurements, including weight, waist circumference and body mass index (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study showed a significant decrease in FPG level by multi-strain probiotic supplements in within group comparison; though, further studies are needed to confirm results. (IRCT Code: IRCT2013100714925N1).
-
9.
Effects of vitamin D supplementation along with endurance physical activity on lipid profile in metabolic syndrome patients: A randomized controlled trial.
Farag, HAM, Hosseinzadeh-Attar, MJ, Muhammad, BA, Esmaillzadeh, A, Hamid El Bilbeisi, A
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2019;(2):1093-1098
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin D supplementation along with endurance physical activity on lipid profile among metabolic syndrome patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a parallel randomized placebo controlled trial, 70 metabolic syndrome patients, were randomly assigned into three groups. Biochemical tests were assessed as baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS The mean vitamin D levels was increased significantly in both vitamin D and vitamin D plus physical activity groups (P value < 0.05). No significant change was observed in the placebo group. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in total cholesterol and LDL-C in vitamin D plus physical activity group (P value < 0.05). No significant differences in changes of triglycerides and HDL-C among the three groups (P value > 0.05). While, in vitamin D group a decreased in total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and increase in triglycerides were observed, but did not reach a statistically significant. CONCLUSION Daily supplementation of vitamin D for 12 weeks, along with moderate endurance physical activity, significantly increase vitamin D concentration and induce a significant reduction in lipid profile in metabolic syndrome patients.
-
10.
Comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on glycemic control, lipid profiles, and gene expression related to insulin and lipid metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
Shokrpour, M, Foroozanfard, F, Afshar Ebrahimi, F, Vahedpoor, Z, Aghadavod, E, Ghaderi, A, Asemi, Z
Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology. 2019;(5):406-411
Abstract
This investigation was conducted to evaluate comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on glycemic control, lipid profiles, and gene expression related to insulin and lipid metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 53 women with PCOS, aged 18-40 years old. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups to take either myo-inositol (n = 26) or metformin (n = 27) for 12 weeks. Myo-inositol supplementation, compared with metformin, significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (β -5.12 mg/dL; 95% CI, -8.09, -2.16; p=.001), serum insulin levels (β -1.49 µIU/mL; 95% CI, -2.28, -0.70; p<.001), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (β -0.36; 95% CI, -0.55, -0.17; p<.001), serum triglycerides (β 12.42 mg/dL; 95% CI, -20.47, -4.37; p=.003) and VLDL-cholesterol levels (β -2.48 mg/dL; 95% CI, -4.09, -0.87; p=.003), and significantly increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (β 0.006; 95% CI, 0.002, 0.01; p=.006) compared with metformin. Moreover, myo-inositol supplementation upregulated gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) (p=.002) compared with metformin. Overall, taking myo-inositol, compared with metformin, for 12 weeks by women with PCOS had beneficial effects on glycemic control, triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol levels, and gene expression of PPAR-γ.