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The effects of canola and olive oils consumption compared to sunflower oil, on lipid profile and hepatic steatosis in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.
Yahay, M, Heidari, Z, Allameh, Z, Amani, R
Lipids in health and disease. 2021;(1):7
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies and metabolic disorders in women during their reproductive years. It is often associated with dyslipidemia and other risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study was aimed to evaluate dietary intervention effects with canola and olive oils compared to sunflower oil on lipid profile and fatty liver severity among women with PCOS. METHOD This study was a 10-week intervention including 72 women with PCOS. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups for receiving 25 g/day canola, olive, or sunflower oils for 10 weeks. The primary and secondary outcomes were to assess changes in lipid profile and in fatty liver severity, respectively. RESULT At the end of the study, 72 patients with a mean age of 29.31 were analysed. Canola oil consumption resulted in a significant reduction in serum levels of TG (P = 0.002) and TC/HDL (P = 0.021), LDL/HDL (P = 0.047), and TG/HDL (P = 0.001) ratios, however, there was no significant reduction in lipid profile following olive oil consumption. Canola (P < 0.001) and olive oils (P = 0.005) could significantly reduce the fatty liver grade. Moreover, HOMA-IR in both canola (P < 0.001) and olive (P = 0.004) groups was significantly decreased. CONCLUSION In total, compared to olive and sunflower oils, significant improvements in lipid profile, liver function, and HOMA-IR were observed following canola oil consumption in women with PCOS. TRIAL REGISTRATION IR.MUI. RESEARCH REC.1397.315. Registered 30 JUNE 2019 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.irct.ir/trial/38684.
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Effects of virgin coconut oil consumption on metabolic syndrome components and asymmetric dimethylarginine: A randomized controlled clinical trial.
Nikooei, P, Hosseinzadeh-Attar, MJ, Asghari, S, Norouzy, A, Yaseri, M, Vasheghani-Farahani, A
Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD. 2021;(3):939-949
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is some promising evidence regarding the beneficial effect of coconut oil on cardiometabolic risk factors. This study aimed to assess the effects of virgin coconut oil (VCO) consumption on metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, as well as, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in adults with MetS. METHODS AND RESULTS In this randomized controlled trial, 48 subjects, aged 20-50 years, with MetS were allocated into two groups; the intervention group was given 30 ml of VCO per day to substitute the same amounts of fat in their usual diet for four weeks. The control group was advised to follow their usual diet. VCO consumption significantly reduced serum levels of triglyceride (TG) (P = 0.001), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (P = 0.001), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) (P = 0.015) compared to the control group. The levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC) were significantly increased in the VCO group when compared to the control group (P = 0.001). Circulatory ADMA also increased in the VCO group compared to the control group (P = 0.003). No significant differences were observed in the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, anthropometric parameters, and blood pressure measurements between the two groups at the end of the study (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION VCO consumption increased the values of HDL-C while reduced TG and FBS levels. Blood pressure and waist circumference did not change. However, levels of TC, LDL-C, and ADMA elevated by VCO consumption. Caution is warranted until the results of further studies become available to explain the long-term effects of VCO consumption. REGISTRATION NUMBER IRCT20131125015536N11.
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Impact of low-fat and full-fat dairy foods on fasting lipid profile and blood pressure: exploratory endpoints of a randomized controlled trial.
Schmidt, KA, Cromer, G, Burhans, MS, Kuzma, JN, Hagman, DK, Fernando, I, Murray, M, Utzschneider, KM, Holte, S, Kraft, J, et al
The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2021;(3):882-892
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary guidelines traditionally recommend low-fat dairy because dairy's high saturated fat content is thought to promote cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, emerging evidence indicates that dairy fat may not negatively impact CVD risk factors when consumed in foods with a complex matrix. OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare the effects of diets limited in dairy or rich in either low-fat or full-fat dairy on CVD risk factors. METHODS In this randomized controlled trial, 72 participants with metabolic syndrome completed a 4-wk run-in period, limiting their dairy intake to ≤3 servings/wk of nonfat milk. Participants were then randomly assigned to 1 of 3 diets, either continuing the limited-dairy diet or switching to a diet containing 3.3 servings/d of either low-fat or full-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese for 12 wk. Exploratory outcome measures included changes in the fasting lipid profile and blood pressure. RESULTS In the per-protocol analysis (n = 66), there was no intervention effect on fasting serum total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol; triglycerides; free fatty acids; or cholesterol content in 38 isolated plasma lipoprotein fractions (P > 0.1 for all variables in repeated-measures ANOVA). There was also no intervention effect on diastolic blood pressure, but a significant intervention effect for systolic blood pressure (P = 0.048), with a trend for a decrease in the low-fat dairy diet (-1.6 ± 8.6 mm Hg) compared with the limited-dairy diet (+2.5 ± 8.2 mm Hg) in post hoc testing. Intent-to-treat results were consistent for all endpoints, with the exception that systolic blood pressure became nonsignificant (P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS In men and women with metabolic syndrome, a diet rich in full-fat dairy had no effects on fasting lipid profile or blood pressure compared with diets limited in dairy or rich in low-fat dairy. Therefore, dairy fat, when consumed as part of complex whole foods, does not adversely impact these classic CVD risk factors. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02663544.
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Effect of atorvastatin on lipogenic, inflammatory and thrombogenic markers in women with the metabolic syndrome.
Velarde, GP, Choudhary, N, Bravo-Jaimes, K, Smotherman, C, Sherazi, S, Kraemer, DF
Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD. 2021;(2):634-640
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Specific drug therapy to target the underlying proinflammatory and prothrombotic state in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) is lacking. We sought to study the effect of high-intensity atorvastatin on markers of lipogenesis, inflammation and thrombogenesis, in women with MS in the absence of cardiovascular disease or diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS This randomized double-blinded controlled trial included 88 women with MS (according to National Cholesterol Education Panel Adult Treatment Panel III criteria) and low atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk. Participants were randomized to receive atorvastatin 80 mg or matching placebo. Thrombogenic, lipogenic and inflammatory markers were collected at the time of enrollment, after a 6-week dietary run-in phase (time of randomization), and at 6- and 12-weeks after randomization. At 6 weeks post-randomization, there was significant reduction in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B) and Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio in the atorvastatin arm compared to placebo. This difference persisted at 12-weeks post randomization. There was no significant difference in fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, serum leptin, Apo-A1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and platelet activity. A significant increase in vascular adhesion molecule 1 at 6 and 12 weeks was seen within the atorvastatin arm. No difference was observed in blood pressure and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, high-intensity atorvastatin has an early and significant impact on lipoproteins and apolipoproteins but did not lower inflammatory, thrombogenic or biomarkers of platelet activity and aggregation in women with MS. The use of statins for primary prevention in these patients should be further explored.
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Effects of low fructose diet on glycemic control, lipid profile and systemic inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes: A single-blind randomized controlled trial.
Jalilvand, A, Behrouz, V, Nikpayam, O, Sohrab, G, Hekmatdoost, A
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2020;(5):849-855
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Type 2 diabetes is one of the global epidemic disorders, which causes many side effects on the body. Fructose is a lipogenic monosaccharide. Recent studies have reported the adverse effects of this carbohydrate on diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a low-fructose diet on the metabolic alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS This study was a randomized, single-blind clinical trial on 50 patients with type 2 diabetes. Participants randomly allocated to two groups, to receive either diabetic-diet or diabetic-diet with low-fructose for 8-weeks. Anthropometric measurements, systolic blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and metabolic factors were assessed at baseline and the end of the trial. RESULTS At the end of trial, reduction in body weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure were not significant except for DBP (P = 0.013). Statistical analysis showed that low-fructose diet compared to control group significantly declined fasting blood glucose (FBG), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), Triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P = 0.015, P = 0.001, P=<0.0001, P= <0.0001 and P= <0.0001 respectively). CONCLUSION Our results showed that eight weeks of low-fructose diet results in a significant improvement in FBG, HbA1c, TG, HDL-C and hs-CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Effects of curcumin on body weight, glycemic control and serum lipids in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Jamilian, M, Foroozanfard, F, Kavossian, E, Aghadavod, E, Shafabakhsh, R, Hoseini, A, Asemi, Z
Clinical nutrition ESPEN. 2020;:128-133
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin on body weight, glycemic control and serum lipids in women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS The current randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 60 subjects with PCOS, aged 18-40 years old. Subjects were randomly allocated to take 500 mg/day curcumin (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Glycemic control and serum lipids were measured at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. Using RT-PCR method, gene expression related to insulin and lipid metabolism was evaluated. RESULTS Curcumin significantly decreased weight (-0.8 ± 0.9 vs. -0.2 ± 0.8 kg, P = 0.03) and BMI (-0.3 ± 0.4 vs. -0.1 ± 0.3 kg/m2, P = 0.03). Curcumin, compared with the placebo, significantly reduced fasting glucose (β -2.63 mg/dL; 95% CI, -4.21, -1.05; P = 0.002), serum insulin (β -1.16 μIU/mL; 95% CI, -2.12, -0.19; P = 0.02), insulin resistance (β -0.26; 95% CI, -0.48, -0.03; P = 0.02), and significantly increased insulin sensitivity (β 0.006; 95% CI, 0.001, 0.01; P = 0.02). In addition, taking curcumin was associated with a significant reduction in total cholesterol (β -15.86 mg/dL; 95% CI, -24.48, -7.24; P = 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (β -16.09 mg/dL; 95% CI, -25.11, -7.06; P = 0.001) and total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (β -0.62; 95% CI, -0.93, -0.30; P < 0.001), and a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol levels (β 2.14 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.36, 3.92; P = 0.01) compared with the placebo. Additionally, curcumin administration up-regulated gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) (P = 0.03) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) (P < 0.001) compared with the placebo. CONCLUSIONS Overall, curcumin administration for 12 weeks to women with PCOS had beneficial effects on body weight, glycemic control, serum lipids except triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol levels, and gene expression of PPAR-γ and LDLR. Registered under Clinical Trials.gov Identifier no. http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20170513033941N50.
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Disentangling the Effects of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids from Other Components of a Mediterranean Diet on Serum Metabolite Profiles: A Randomized Fully Controlled Dietary Intervention in Healthy Subjects at Risk of the Metabolic Syndrome.
Michielsen, CCJR, Hangelbroek, RWJ, Feskens, EJM, Afman, LA
Molecular nutrition & food research. 2019;(9):e1801095
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SCOPE The Mediterranean (MED) diet has been associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases. It is unclear whether this health effect can be mainly contributed to high intakes of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), characteristic for the MED diet, or whether other components of a MED diet also play an important role. METHODS AND RESULTS A randomized fully controlled parallel trial is performed to examine the effects of the consumption of a saturated fatty acid rich diet, a MUFA-rich diet, or a MED diet for 8 weeks on metabolite profiles, in 47 subjects at risk of the metabolic syndrome. A total of 162 serum metabolites are assessed before and after the intervention by using a targeted NMR platform. Fifty-two metabolites are changed during the intervention (false discovery rate [FDR] p < 0.05). Both the MUFA and MED diet decrease exactly the same fractions of LDL, including particle number, lipid, phospholipid, and free cholesterol fraction (FDR p < 0.05). The MED diet additionally decreases the larger subclasses of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), related VLDL fractions, VLDL-triglycerides, and serum-triglycerides (FDR p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings clearly demonstrate that the MUFA component is responsible for reducing LDL subclasses and fractions, and therefore causes an antiatherogenic lipid profile. Interestingly, consumption of the other components in the MED diet show additional health effects.
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Diets Enriched with Conventional or High-Oleic Acid Canola Oils Lower Atherogenic Lipids and Lipoproteins Compared to a Diet with a Western Fatty Acid Profile in Adults with Central Adiposity.
Bowen, KJ, Kris-Etherton, PM, West, SG, Fleming, JA, Connelly, PW, Lamarche, B, Couture, P, Jenkins, DJA, Taylor, CG, Zahradka, P, et al
The Journal of nutrition. 2019;(3):471-478
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BACKGROUND Novel oils high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and low in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are an alternative to partially hydrogenated oils high in trans-unsaturated fatty acids. There is widespread use of high-MUFA oils across the food industry; however, limited knowledge of their cardiovascular impact exists. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of diets containing canola oil, high-oleic acid canola oil (HOCO), and a control oil blend (diet formulated to emulate a Western fat profile) on lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins (apos), as secondary outcomes of the trial. METHODS In a multi-center, double-blind, randomized, 3-period crossover, controlled feeding trial, men (n = 44) and women (n = 75) with a mean age of 44 y, mean body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) of 31.7, and an increased waist circumference plus ≥1 metabolic syndrome criteria consumed prepared, weight-maintenance diets containing canola oil [17.5% MUFAs, 9.2% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), 6.6% SFAs], HOCO (19.1% MUFAs, 7.0% PUFAs, 6.4% SFAs), or control oil (10.5% MUFAs, 10.0% PUFAs, 12.3% SFAs) for 6 wk with ≥4-wk washouts. Fasting serum lipids were assessed at baseline and 6 wk. Diet effects were examined using a repeated measures mixed model. RESULTS Compared with the control, canola and HOCO diets resulted in lower endpoint total cholesterol (TC; -4.2% and -3.4%; P < 0.0001), LDL cholesterol (-6.6% and -5.6%; P < 0.0001), apoB (-3.7% and -3.4%; P = 0.002), and non-HDL cholesterol (-4.5% and -4.0%; P = 0.001), with no differences between canola diets. The TC:HDL cholesterol and apoB:apoA1 ratios were lower after the HOCO diet than after the control diet (-3.7% and -3.4%, respectively). There were no diet effects on triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, or apoA1 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS HOCO, with increased MUFAs at the expense of decreased PUFAs, elicited beneficial effects on lipids and lipoproteins comparable to conventional canola oil and consistent with reduced cardiovascular disease risk in adults with central adiposity. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02029833.
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Are dietary amino acids prospectively predicts changes in serum lipid profile?
Teymoori, F, Asghari, G, Salehi, P, Sadeghian, S, Mirmiran, P, Azizi, F
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2019;(3):1837-1843
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides of dietary fat and carbohydrate, amino acids(AAs), as constituent components of dietary protein have been related with serum lipid levels. This study aims to examine the association between dietary AAs and prospective changes in serum lipid profile in adults. METHODS Analyses were conducted on 3881 participants aged, 18-75 years of Tehran lipid and Glucose study, at baseline (2008-2011) and were followed for 3 years (2011-2014) to ascertain serum lipid profile changes. Dietary intakes of AAs were collected at baseline using food frequency questionnaire. Multiple linear regression adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, smoking and daily intakes of energy, total fat, and fiber were used. RESULTS The median(IQR) changes in triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were 6.0(-19.0, -35.5), 9.0(7.0, -24.0), 1.0(-3.0, -6.0), and 5.2(-8.0, -18.6) mg/dl, respectively. Higher intakes of isoleucine, lysine, tyrosine, alanine, threonine, methionine, valine, histidine, aspartic acid, and branched chain, alkaline, and alcoholic AAs were positively associated with TGs-changes in the final adjusted model, whereas tryptophan, glutamic acid, and acidic AAs were negatively related to TG-changes. Alanine and tryptophan were associated with higher and lower LDL-C-changes, respectively. Lysine, alanine, methionine, aspartic acid, and alkaline AAs showed positive association with changes in TC, whereas tryptophan and glutamic acid had a negative association with TC-changes. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that some dietary amino acids have the potential to increase or decrease serum lipid profile.
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Kuntai capsules improve glucolipid metabolism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Liang, R, Liu, Z, Li, P, Fan, P, Xu, L, Sun, X, Peng, J, Peng, X, Zhang, M
Medicine. 2019;(39):e16788
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to observe the effect and safety of Heyan Kuntai Capsule (HYKT) on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS Hundred patients with PCOS were randomly divided into HYKT group (n = 50) and placebo groups (n = 50) in which the individuals were treated with HYKT and its placebo continuously for 6 months. Meanwhile, all participants received health education (such as exercise and diet). The primary outcomes were serum sex hormone levels, a series of blood lipid, fasting and postprandial 2 hours blood glucose. Body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and insulin-sensitive index (ISI) were also observed. In addition, adverse events were recorded to evaluate the drug safety. RESULTS After treatment, the BMI and WHR of all the patients were decreased. The fasting and postprandial 2 hours blood glucose levels were significantly declined when treated with HYKT, which were not observed in the placebo group. Similarly, serum sex hormones including luteinizing hormone (LH), LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone were lowered after treated with HYKT instead of the placebo. Besides, blood lipids outcomes such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as insulin and HOMA-IR were decreased with significance in HYKT group when compared with those in the placebo group, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and ISI increased obviously. CONCLUSION HYKT showed the effect on ameliorating the glucose and lipid metabolism disorder and improving insulin resistance and increase insulin sensitivity of PCOS patients, which is similar to insulin sensitizing agent.