1.
THADA_rs13429458 Minor Allele Increases the Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Asian, but Not in Caucasian Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Park, S, Liu, M, Zhang, T
Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme. 2019;(10):661-670
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent disease in young women that also features increased insulin resistance. Genetic factors have a strong relationship with the etiology of PCOS. We assessed whether carrying THADA rs13429458 is associated with the development of PCOS by meta-analysis and whether the association is influenced by ethnicity. Articles were searched using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Korean scientific database, and Chinese and Indian medical databases to identify all eligible studies for evaluating the association of THADA rs13429458 and PCOS risk. The association was assessed in five genetic random effects models including the allelic (AG), recessive (RG), dominant (DG), homozygous (HMG), and heterozygous (HTG) genetic models. Subgroup analyses stratified by ethnicity (Asians and non-Asians) were assessed. Nine articles were selected and 1 association analysis of Korea PCOS study met Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium criteria. A set of 38 224 PCOS women and 120 173 healthy women were included. The AG and RG showed heterogeneity in the overall and Asian subjects, but the other genetic model did not exhibit heterogeneity in all subjects. AG, RG, DG, and HMG, but not HTG, exhibited publication bias in total subjects but there was no publication bias in all genetic models among Asians and non-Asians. The overall effect of THADA_rs13429458 on PCOS risk showed significant positive associations in pooling 10 studies. In sub-group analysis only Asians, but not non-Asians, had a positive association (AG: OR=1.24, p=0.001; RG: OR=1.32, p=0.002; DG: OR, 1.70, p<0.00001; HMG: OR, 1.71, p=0.002; HTG: OR=1.34, p=0,006). In conclusions, young Asian women with the minor allele (C) for THADA rs13429458 were at increased risk of PCOS.
2.
Investigation and management of a raised serum ferritin.
Cullis, JO, Fitzsimons, EJ, Griffiths, WJ, Tsochatzis, E, Thomas, DW, ,
British journal of haematology. 2018;(3):331-340
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
Serum ferritin level is one of the most commonly requested investigations in both primary and secondary care. Whilst low serum ferritin levels invariably indicate reduced iron stores, raised serum ferritin levels can be due to multiple different aetiologies, including iron overload, inflammation, liver or renal disease, malignancy, and the recently described metabolic syndrome. A key test in the further investigation of an unexpected raised serum ferritin is the serum transferrin saturation. This guideline reviews the investigation and management of a raised serum ferritin level. The investigation and management of genetic haemochromatosis is not dealt with however and is the subject of a separate guideline.
3.
Role of the IGF axis in prostate cancer.
Biernacka, KM, Perks, CM, Holly, JM
Minerva endocrinologica. 2012;(2):173-85
Abstract
The major issue currently being faced in the management of prostate cancer is the inability to distinguish between indolent prostate tumors that will not present clinically from more aggressive and metastatic prostate cancers that will impact on men's lives. Only a small proportion of prostate cancers can be accounted for by unmistakable hereditary cancer syndromes and the predominant contribution to the progression of most sporadic cancers is thought to be environmental, with nutrition having the greatest influence. Population studies have clearly implicated metabolic factors as contributors to disease progression and poor response to therapy. It is well established that the IGF system is key in regulating growth and metabolism and mediates the effects of nutrition on these processes. It consists of two ligands (IGF-I and IGF-II), two receptors [type 1 IGF-IR and IGF-II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor], and six high affinity IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP-1 to -6). This review provides evidence from in vitro, in vivo, clinical and epidemiology studies that indicates an important role for the IGF axis in the development of prostate cancer and the likely role that it plays in mediating the effects of nutrition on disease progression. We suggest that the IGF axis is central to understanding how lifestyle impacts on prostate cancer and we highlight this by describing numerous strategies being developed to target this axis.