1.
Saxagliptin Upregulates Nesfatin-1 Secretion and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Chen, K, Zhuo, T, Wang, J, Mei, Q
Metabolic syndrome and related disorders. 2018;(7):336-341
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Saxagliptin as one of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors can effectively improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nesfatin-1 is regarded as a very important factor in regulating feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. In this trial, we observed the effect of saxagliptin on regulating nesfatin-1 secretion and ameliorating insulin resistance and metabolic profiles in type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS One hundred two type 2 diabetes participants (M/F = 48/54) were investigated. Fifty-one (M/F = 24/27) of them as the treatment group were treated with oral glucose-lowering agents including saxagliptin, the other 51 (M/F = 24/27) as the control group were treated with oral glucose-lowering agents excluding any DPP-4 inhibitors. The parameters of serum nesfatin-1, C-peptide, homeostasis model assessment-β (HOMA-β) function, HOMA insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure (BP) at baseline, month 3, 6, and 12 were observed and compared respectively. RESULTS Saxagliptin significantly upregulated nesfatin-1 secretion (P < 0.001 at 3-, 6-, and 12-months vs. baseline), increased serum C-peptide (P < 0.05, 0.001, and 0.001 at 3-, 6-, and 12-months vs. baseline), improved HOMA-IR and function of HOMA-β (P < 0.001 at 3-, 6-, and 12-months vs. baseline) and metabolic profiles (P < 0.001 with HbA1c at 3-, 6- and 12-months; P < 0.001 with LDL-C at 6- and 12-months; P < 0.001 and 0.01 with HDL-C at 6- and 12-months vs. baseline), declined BMI (P < 0.05 at 6- and 12-months vs. baseline) and BP (P < 0.001 with systolic BP (SBP), and mean BP at 6- and 12-months, P < 0.01 with diastolic BP at 6- and 12-months vs. baseline). CONCLUSIONS Saxagliptin could upregulate nesfatin-1 secretion and ameliorate insulin resistance and metabolic profiles in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Saxagliptin had the potential to play fundamental by upregulating nesfatin-1 secretion besides lowering glucose by inhibiting the degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1.
2.
Influence of physical exercise and relationship with biochemical variables of NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide and ischemia modified albumin.
Lippi, G, Salvagno, GL, Montagnana, M, Schena, F, Ballestrieri, F, Guidi, GC
Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry. 2006;(1-2):175-80
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnostic approach and the clinical management of patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome or cardiac dysfunction are as yet challenging. Although ischemia modified albumin (IMA) and natriuretic peptides were recently proposed for detection of myocardial ischemia and cardiac dysfunction, little information is available on preanalytical and metabolic sources of variability of these markers. METHODS To establish the influence of a regular endurance training and the relationship with conventional biochemical variables, NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and IMA were assayed, along with cardiac troponin T (cTnT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), creatinine and albumin, in 35 sedentary healthy individuals and 50 male professional road cyclists, 12-24 h following the last demanding training session. RESULTS Athletes displayed higher values of both LDH (299+/-61 vs. 257+/-36 U/l, P=0.002) and CK (184+/-123 vs. 115+/-74 U/l, P=0.011), and slightly lower concentrations of creatinine (82+/-12 vs. 87+/-9 micromol/l, P=0.044). No athlete or sedentary control displayed cTnT concentrations exceeding the lower sensitivity limit of the assay. As compared to the sedentary controls, main IMA concentration was increased in athletes (100+/-13 vs. 94+/-6 KU/l, P=0.035), whereas that of NT-proBNP appeared significantly decreased (2.8+/-1.6 vs. 4.3+/-34, P=0.005). The percentage of subjects displaying values exceeding the upper reference limit for the IMA assay was significantly different between athletes and sedentary controls (50% vs. 7%; P<0.001). Pearson correlation analysis revealed an inverse association between IMA and albumin in both athletes (r=-0.640; P<0.001) and sedentary controls (r=-0.583; P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Results of our investigation indicate that a demanding and regular aerobic training regimen, though able to trigger skeletal muscle sufferance, is not associated with any biochemical sign of severe and irreversible chronic cardiac involvement. Moreover, we suggest the adoption of specific IMA diagnostic thresholds following patients' stratification according to serum albumin concentration and physical activity.