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Lifestyle counselling by persuasive information and communications technology reduces prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a dose-response manner: a randomized clinical trial (PrevMetSyn).
Seo, YG, Salonurmi, T, Jokelainen, T, Karppinen, P, Teeriniemi, AM, Han, J, Park, KH, Oinas-Kukkonen, H, Savolainen, MJ
Annals of medicine. 2020;(6):321-330
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate whether lifestyle changes produced by persuasive Information and Communication Technology (ICT) counselling can lower the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS A total of 532 participants (20-60 years, body mass index 27-35 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to six arms according to counselling type (no, short-term, or intensive) with or without ICT intervention. In this report the prevalence of MetS and its components were compared between no-ICT group and ICT group. Moreover, the frequency of the web information system usage was analysed for the number of logins, responses to weekly messages, and other record variables. RESULTS The ICT group had significantly lower proportion of MetS (33.7% vs. 45.3%, p = .022) than the no-ICT group at 2-year follow-up. In mixed model, the ICT group had lower prevalence of MetS than no-ICT group (OR 0.50, 95%CI 0.27-0.90) after intervention. The tertile with the highest utilization had 71% lower prevalence of MetS compared with the lowest utilization tertile or the no-ICT group. CONCLUSIONS Web-based ICT is able to reduce the prevalence of MetS. In addition, higher utilization of the web information system is associated with a greater decrease in the prevalence of MetS. Key messages Our internet health behaviour change support system based on persuasive design and cognitive behaviour therapy markedly reduces metabolic syndrome in overweight/obese subjects. As a stand-alone tool it may save healthcare personnel resources as it is suitable at a low cost for both obese/overweight patients and the public at large.
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Levels of Circulating miR-122 are Associated with Weight Loss and Metabolic Syndrome.
Hess, AL, Larsen, LH, Udesen, PB, Sanz, Y, Larsen, TM, Dalgaard, LT
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). 2020;(3):493-501
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether the levels of specific serum microRNAs (miRNAs) were altered following diet-induced weight loss and whether the serum miRNAs differed in the presence of the metabolic syndrome. METHODS The study was a weight loss intervention trial with a prescribed energy deficit of approximately 500 kcal/d. Levels of 22 miRNAs were determined in serum samples from 85 participants with overweight or obesity. miRNAs were analyzed using TaqMan Array miRNA Cards and normalized to the geometric mean of spiked-in ath-miR-159a and U6 small nuclear RNA using the ΔCT method. RESULTS The average weight loss was 5.7 kg (P < 0.001). miR-122-5p (-0.18 ± 0.06 log fold relative to initial, P < 0.01) and miR-193a-5p (-0.12 ± 0.04, P < 0.01) levels decreased in response to weight loss. miR-126a-3p (0.11 ± 0.04, P = 0.01) and miR-222-3p (1.51 ± 0.12, P < 0.001) levels increased. Furthermore, a higher level of miR-122-5p was observed at baseline in participants with the metabolic syndrome compared with participants without (0.28 ± 0.08, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Changes in circulating miR-122-5p, miR-126a-3p, miR-193a-5p, and miR-222-3p in response to diet-induced weight loss are demonstrated. Furthermore, assessment of miR-122-5p could be an indicator of an adverse metabolic health status independent of obesity.
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Effect of Treatment of Mild Gestational Diabetes on Long-Term Maternal Outcomes.
Casey, BM, Rice, MM, Landon, MB, Varner, MW, Reddy, UM, Wapner, RJ, Rouse, DJ, Biggio, JR, Thorp, JM, Chien, EK, et al
American journal of perinatology. 2020;(5):475-482
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this article is to evaluate whether identification and treatment of women with mild gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy affects subsequent maternal body mass index (BMI), anthropometry, metabolic syndrome, and risk of diabetes. STUDY DESIGN This is a follow-up study of women who participated in a randomized controlled treatment trial for mild GDM. Women were enrolled between 5 and 10 years after their index pregnancy. Participants underwent blood pressure, height, weight, and anthropometric measurements by trained nursing personnel using a standardized approach. A nurse-assisted questionnaire regarding screening and treatment of diabetes or hypercholesterolemia, diet, and physical activity was completed. Laboratory evaluation included fasting serum glucose, fasting insulin, oral glucose tolerance test, and a lipid panel. Subsequent diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and adiposity in those diagnosed with mild GDM and randomized to nutritional counseling and medical therapy (treated) were compared with those who underwent routine pregnancy management (untreated). Multivariable analyses were performed adjusting for race/ethnicity and years between randomization and follow-up visit. RESULTS Four-hundred fifty-seven women with mild GDM during the index pregnancy were included in this analysis (243 treated; 214 untreated) and evaluated at a median 7 years after their index pregnancy. Baseline and follow-up characteristics were similar between treatment groups. Frequency of diabetes (9.2 vs. 8.5%, p =0.80), metabolic syndrome (32.2 vs. 34.3%, p =0.63), as well as adjusted mean values of homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (2.5 vs. 2.3, p =0.11) and BMI (29.4 vs. 29.1 kg/m2, p =0.67) were also not different. CONCLUSION Identification and treatment of women with mild GDM during pregnancy had no discernible impact on subsequent diabetes, metabolic syndrome, or obesity 7 years after delivery.
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The effect of 12 weeks of euenergetic high-protein diet in regulating appetite and body composition of women with normal-weight obesity: a randomised controlled trial.
Haghighat, N, Ashtary-Larky, D, Bagheri, R, Mahmoodi, M, Rajaei, M, Alipour, M, Kooti, W, Aghamohammdi, V, Wong, A
The British journal of nutrition. 2020;(10):1044-1051
Abstract
Normal-weight obesity (NWO) syndrome is associated with metabolic diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of a high-protein (HP) v. a standard protein (SP) diet on appetite, anthropometry and body composition in NWO women. In this clinical trial, fifty NWO women were randomly allocated to HP (n 25) or SP (n 25) diet groups. Women in the HP and SP groups consumed 25 and 15 % of their total energy intake from protein for 12 weeks. Weight, fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM), waist circumference (WC) and appetite were evaluated at baseline and following their 3-month intervention. After 12 weeks, the LBM was higher in HP compared with no significant changes in the SP group (mean between-group difference = 1·5 kg; 95 % CI 3·1, 0·01; effect size (d) = 0·4). Furthermore, the HP group had lower FM (mean between-group difference -1·1 kg; 95 % CI 1, -3·3; d = -0·2), body fat percentage (BFP) (mean between-group difference -2 %; 95 % CI 0·7, -5·2; d = -0·3) and WC (mean between-group difference -1·4 cm; 95 % CI 0·6, -3·6; d = -0·2) at the end of the study in comparison with the SP group. In both groups, weight and appetite were unchanged over time without significant differences between groups. Twelve weeks of euenergetic diets with different dietary protein contents resulted in no significant weight loss in women with NWO. However, an HP diet significantly improved body composition (LBM, FM, BFP and WC) in this population.
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Dietary Fibres and the Management of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: The RESOLVE Study.
Tremblay, A, Clinchamps, M, Pereira, B, Courteix, D, Lesourd, B, Chapier, R, Obert, P, Vinet, A, Walther, G, Chaplais, E, et al
Nutrients. 2020;(10)
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was performed to evaluate the long-term maintenance of nutritional changes promoted during an intensive initial intervention to induce body weight loss. The ability of these changes to predict long-term health outcomes was also examined. METHODS Nutritional variables, body composition, and metabolic markers collected in the RESOLVE project were analyzed before and after a 3-week intensive diet-exercise intervention (Phase 1), and during a subsequent supervision under free living conditions, of 12 months (Phase 2). RESULTS As expected, the macronutrient composition of the diet was modified to promote a negative energy balance during Phase 1. The decrease in carbohydrates imposed during this phase was maintained during Phase 2 whereas the increase in protein intake returned to baseline values at the end of the program. Dietary fiber intake was almost doubled during Phase 1 and remained significantly greater than baseline values throughout Phase 2. Moreover, fiber intake was the only nutritional variable that systematically and significantly predicted variations of health outcomes in the study. CONCLUSION The adequacy of dietary fiber intake should be a matter of primary consideration in diet-based weight reduction programs.
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Effects of a snack enriched with carob and Undaria pinnatifida (wakame) on metabolic parameters in a double blind, randomized clinical trial in obese patients.
Izaola, O, Primo, D, Rico Bargués, D, Martín-Diana, AB, Martínez Villaluenga, C, Miranda, J, de Luis Román, DA
Nutricion hospitalaria. 2020;(3):465-473
Abstract
Introduction: the composition of snack foods likely influences the overall effect that snacking has on metabolism and obesity. The objective of the current study was to assess the responses to two different snacks, one of them supplemented with wakame and carobs, on cardiovascular risk factors, satiety, and subsequent food intake in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods: forty patients were randomized in a clinical trial (NCT03420989, clinicaltrial.gov) to group I (enriched snack, n = 16) or group II (control snack, n = 16). At baseline and after 8 weeks biochemical parameters, dietary intakes, and nutritional status were assessed. The subjects also rated their feelings of satiety/hunger with a test meal. Results: no differences were detected in anthropometric parameters between both snacks. Changes in other parameters were detected in patients with enriched snacks, with a significant decrease in LDL-cholesterol by 7.4 % (intervention snack, -8.9 ± 2.3 mg/dL vs control snack, -0.9 ± 3.3 mg/dL; p = 0.03), in total cholesterol by 5.8 % (intervention snack, -10.4 ± 2.9 mg/dL vs control snack, -1.4 ± 3.2 mg/dL; p = 0.02), and in resistin level by 15.9 % (intervention snack, -1.0 ± 0.2 mg/dL vs control snack, -0.1 ± 0.3 mg/dL: p = 0.03). After the test meal, satiety scores (after 20 min and 40 min) were higher than fasting levels in both groups. The same results were obtained with the 100-mm, 5-point visual satiety scale. Conclusion: our study indicates that a wakame- and carob-enriched snack induces a significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and resistin levels when compared to a control snack, without effects on food consumption, other cardiovascular parameters, or anthropometric parameters.
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An integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis identifies CD44 gene as a potential biomarker for weight loss within an energy-restricted program.
Samblas, M, Mansego, ML, Zulet, MA, Milagro, FI, Martinez, JA
European journal of nutrition. 2019;(5):1971-1980
Abstract
PURPOSE The interindividual variable response to weight-loss treatments requires the search for new predictive biomarkers for improving the success of weight-loss programs. The aim of this study is to identify novel genes that distinguish individual responses to a weight-loss dietary treatment by using the integrative analysis of mRNA expression and DNA methylation arrays. METHODS Subjects from Metabolic Syndrome Reduction in Navarra (RESMENA) project were classified as low (LR) or high (HR) responders depending on their weight loss. Transcriptomic (n = 24) and epigenomic (n = 47) patterns were determined by array-based genome-wide technologies in human white blood cells at the baseline of the treatment period. CD44 expression was validated by qRT-PCR and methylation degree of CpGs of the gene was validated by MassARRAY® EpiTYPER™ in a subsample of 47 subjects. CD44 protein levels were measured by ELISA in human plasma. RESULTS Different expression and DNA methylation profiles were identified in LR in comparison to HR. The integrative analysis of both array data identified four genes: CD44, ITPR1, MTSS1 and FBXW5 that were differently methylated and expressed between groups. CD44 showed higher expression and lower DNA methylation levels in LR than in HR. Although differences in CD44 protein levels between LR and HR were not statistically significant, a positive association was observed between CD44 mRNA expression and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the combination of a genome-wide methylation and expression array dataset can be a useful strategy to identify novel genes that might be considered as predictors of the dietary response. CD44 gene transcription and methylation may be a possible candidate biomarker for weight-loss prediction.
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Dietary carbohydrate restriction improves metabolic syndrome independent of weight loss.
Hyde, PN, Sapper, TN, Crabtree, CD, LaFountain, RA, Bowling, ML, Buga, A, Fell, B, McSwiney, FT, Dickerson, RM, Miller, VJ, et al
JCI insight. 2019;(12)
Abstract
BACKGROUNDMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly correlated with obesity and cardiovascular risk, but the importance of dietary carbohydrate independent of weight loss in MetS treatment remains controversial. Here, we test the theory that dietary carbohydrate intolerance (i.e., the inability to process carbohydrate in a healthy manner) rather than obesity per se is a fundamental feature of MetS.METHODSIndividuals who were obese with a diagnosis of MetS were fed three 4-week weight-maintenance diets that were low, moderate, and high in carbohydrate. Protein was constant and fat was exchanged isocalorically for carbohydrate across all diets.RESULTSDespite maintaining body mass, low-carbohydrate (LC) intake enhanced fat oxidation and was more effective in reversing MetS, especially high triglycerides, low HDL-C, and the small LDL subclass phenotype. Carbohydrate restriction also improved abnormal fatty acid composition, an emerging MetS feature. Despite containing 2.5 times more saturated fat than the high-carbohydrate diet, an LC diet decreased plasma total saturated fat and palmitoleate and increased arachidonate.CONCLUSIONConsistent with the perspective that MetS is a pathologic state that manifests as dietary carbohydrate intolerance, these results show that compared with eucaloric high-carbohydrate intake, LC/high-fat diets benefit MetS independent of whole-body or fat mass.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02918422.FUNDINGDairy Management Inc. and the Dutch Dairy Association.
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Prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity in Bangladeshi university students: A cross-sectional study.
Zamsad, M, Banik, S, Ghosh, L
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2019;(1):480-483
Abstract
AIM: A sustained economic growth in Bangladesh leading to nutrition transition with negative impact on health followed to sedentary lifestyle, and obesity. Therefore, the study objective was to examine the prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity among Bangladeshi university students. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study in Bangladeshi university students was conducted in December 2016 to April 2017. Randomly selected participants, aged 18-25 years were analyzed from three specific universities as per gender variation. The height and waist-circumference were measured using measuring tape and weight by personal weight scale. RESULTS Total samples 500, 64.6% (n = 323) were males, 34.5% (n = 117) were females and mean age (standard deviation) was 21.76 (1.86) years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity (14.86% vs. 11.86%) were significantly 1.29-fold higher in males than females (OR: 1.29, 95%CI: 0.75-2.25, p < 0.001). Mean waist-circumference was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in males than females, but the waist-to height ratio (WHtR) was higher in females than in males (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION We conclude that the prevalence of overweight and obesity is significantly higher in male students than female university students of Bangladesh because of girls were so much concerned their physical appearance and wish a slim body than boys. However, future study and public health efforts are necessary to address complications of obesity problem and to promote active lifestyles.
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The Central European diet as an alternative to the Mediterranean diet in atherosclerosis prevention in postmenopausal obese women with a high risk of metabolic syndrome - a randomized nutrition-al trial.
Duś-Żuchowska, M, Bajerska, J, Krzyżanowska, P, Chmurzyńska, A, Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka, A, Muzsik, A, Walkowiak, J
Acta scientiarum polonorum. Technologia alimentaria. 2018;(4):399-407
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a powerful risk factor for atherosclerosis (AT). The crucial meth- od of minimizing the development of atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations is lifestyle modifications, including following a healthy diet. The aim of the study was to check if the Central European Diet (CED) could be an alternative to the Mediterranean Diet (MED) in the prevention of AT in patients with a risk of MS. METHODS The randomized, single-blind nutritional trial involved 144 obese women with a risk of MS. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups and followed MED (n = 72) or CED (n = 72) for 16 weeks. The concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) were measured before and after nutritional intervention. RESULTS In both studied groups, the concentrations of hs-CRP decreased significantly after the nutritional in- tervention (CED: p = 0.0107; MED: p = 0.0002). The ADMA levels were significantly lower after nutritional intervention in the CED group (p = 0.0187) but not in the MED group (p = 0.8354). However, the observed changes of hs-CRP concentrations (Δhs-CRP) and ADMA levels (ΔADMA) were not different between the groups (p = 0.5307 and p = 0.0905, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In the Central European post-menopausal obese population, a well-designed, energy-restricted diet with the use of food items traditional for the region (CED) could be a good alternative to MED in terms of AT prevention.