1.
Different modalities of exercise to reduce visceral fat mass and cardiovascular risk in metabolic syndrome: the RESOLVE randomized trial.
Dutheil, F, Lac, G, Lesourd, B, Chapier, R, Walther, G, Vinet, A, Sapin, V, Verney, J, Ouchchane, L, Duclos, M, et al
International journal of cardiology. 2013;(4):3634-42
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opinions differ over the exercise modalities that best limit cardiovascular risk (CVR) resulting from visceral obesity in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). As little is known about the combined effects of resistance and endurance training at high volumes under sound nutritional conditions, we aimed to analyze the impact of various intensities of physical activity on visceral fat and CVR in individuals with MetS. METHODS 100 participants, aged 50-70 years, underwent a diet restriction (protein intake 1.2g/kg/day) with a high exercise volume (15-20 h/week). They were randomized to three training groups: moderate-resistance-moderate-endurance (re), high-resistance-moderate-endurance (Re), or moderate-resistance-high-endurance (rE). A one-year at-home follow-up (M12) commenced with a three-week residential program (Day 0 to Day 21). We measured the change in visceral fat and body composition by DXA, MetS parameters, fitness, the Framingham score and carotid-intima-media-thickness. RESULTS 78 participants completed the program. At D21, visceral fat loss was highest in Re (-18%, p<.0001) and higher in rE than re (-12% vs. -7%, p<.0001). Similarly, from M3, visceral fat decreased more in high-intensity-groups to reach a visceral fat loss of -21.5% (Re) and -21.1% (rE)>-13.0% (re) at M12 (p<.001). CVR, MetS parameters and fitness improved in all groups. Visceral fat loss correlated with changes in MetS parameters. CONCLUSION Increased intensity in high volume training is efficient in improving visceral fat loss and carotid-intima-media-thickness, and is realistic in community dwelling, moderately obese individuals. High-intensity-resistance training induced a faster visceral fat loss, and thus the potential of resistance training should not be undervalued (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00917917).
2.
Association of the metabolic syndrome with both vigorous and moderate physical activity.
Rennie, KL, McCarthy, N, Yazdgerdi, S, Marmot, M, Brunner, E
International journal of epidemiology. 2003;(4):600-6
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional relationships between moderate and vigorous physical activity and the metabolic syndrome (MS) were examined in the Whitehall II study of civil servants (age 45-68 years). We assessed cardiovascular fitness and body mass index (BMI) as possible mediators of the observed association. METHODS Measures of 2-hour glucose, systolic blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, waist-hip ratio, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were obtained in 5153 white European participants. Participants in the most adverse sex-specific quintile for three or more of these risk factors were classified as having MS. Self-reported leisure-time physical activity was categorized into separate moderate and vigorous activity classes. BMI and resting heart rate (HR) were used to estimate body fatness and cardiovascular fitness respectively. RESULTS The odds ratios (95% CI) for having the metabolic syndrome in the top categories of vigorous and moderate activity were 0.52 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.67) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.96) respectively, adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol intake, socioeconomic status, and other activity. Adjustment for BMI and resting HR substantially attenuated both of the above associations. CONCLUSIONS Moderate and vigorous physical leisure-time activity are each associated with reduced risk of being classified with MS independently of age, smoking, and high alcohol intake. Both vigorous and moderate activities may be beneficial to the MS cluster of risk factors among middle-aged populations. Reduced BMI and increased cardiovascular fitness may be important mediators of this association for both intensities of activity.