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1.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss.
Pouwels, S, Sakran, N, Graham, Y, Leal, A, Pintar, T, Yang, W, Kassir, R, Singhal, R, Mahawar, K, Ramnarain, D
BMC endocrine disorders. 2022;(1):63
Abstract
Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes and obesity worldwide, the deleterious effects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are becoming a growing challenge for public health. NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disease in the Western world. NAFLD is closely associated with metabolic disorders, including central obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, hyperglycaemia and persistent abnormalities of liver function tests.In general NAFLD is a common denominer for a broad spectrum of damage to the liver, which can be due to hepatocyte injury, inflammatory processes and fibrosis. This is normally seen on liver biopsy and can range from milder forms (steatosis) to the more severe forms (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver failure). In these patients, advanced fibrosis is the major predictor of morbidity and liver-related mortality, and an accurate diagnosis of NASH and NAFLD is mandatory. Histologic evaluation with liver biopsy remains the gold standard to diagnose NAFLD. Diagnosis of NAFLD is defined as presence of hepatic steatosis, ballooning and lobular inflammation with or without fibrosis. Weight loss, dietary modification, and the treatment of underlying metabolic syndrome remain the mainstays of therapy once the diagnosis is established. Dietary recommendations and lifestyle interventions, weight loss, and the treatment of underlying metabolic syndrome remain the mainstays of therapy once the diagnosis is established with promising results but are difficult to maintain. Pioglitazone and vitamin E are recommended by guidelines in selected patients. This review gives an overview of NAFLD and its treatment options.
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2.
The effectiveness of coenzyme Q10, vitamin E, inositols, and vitamin D in improving the endocrine and metabolic profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a network Meta-analysis.
Zhang, J, Xing, C, Zhao, H, He, B
Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology. 2021;(12):1063-1071
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research evaluated the efficacy of oral nutritional agents including CoQ10, vitamin E, inositols and vitamin D on androgen-associated hormones, glycolipid metabolism and body weight in women with PCOS. METHOD A multi-database search was performed from inception to December 2020. Using multi-variate random effects method, a NMA was conducted by synthesizing data pooled from RCTs. It was registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42021230292). RESULTS Twenty-three RCTs and 1291 participants were included. Based on NMA, CoQ10, vitamin E, CoQ10 combined with vitamin E, and inositols were successful in decreasing TT as compared with PA; vitamin E was superior to other agents. Vitamin E and inositols were successful in increasing SHBG levels; inositols were stronger than vitamin E. CoQ10 alone or combined with vitamin E, and inositols were successful in decreasing HOMA-IR. Inositols had the best results among included nutraceuticals to ameliorate HOMA-IR, FBG, FINS, TG, TC, and LDL-C and correlated to improvements in BMI. There was no significant difference between the CoQ10 or vitamin E group and the PA group in ameliorating lipid metabolism, and vitamin D had no positive effects in ameliorating hyperandrogenism, BMI, glycolipid metabolism profiles compared with PA. CONCLUSION For women with PCOS, inositols supplementation have some certain advantages in increasing SHBG and improving glycolipid metabolism when compared with nutraceuticals like CoQ10, vitamin E, vitamin D. Besides, vitamin E may be a better option in reducing TT and increasing SHBG. CoQ10 alone or combined with vitamin E can be helpful in decreasing HOMA-IR as well.
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3.
Fructose, Omega 3 Fatty Acids, and Vitamin E: Involvement in Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
Alberti, G, Gana, JC, Santos, JL
Nutrients. 2020;(11)
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common form of liver disease in both adults and children, becoming the leading cause for liver transplant in many countries. Its prevalence has increased considerably in recent years, mainly due to the explosive increase in pediatric obesity rates. NAFLD is strongly associated with central obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, and it has been considered as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Its complex pathophysiology involves a series of metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress processes, among others. Given the sharp increase in the prevalence of NAFLD and the lack of an appropriate pharmacological approach, it is crucial to consider the prevention/management of the disease based on lifestyle modifications such as the adoption of a healthy nutrition pattern. Herein, we review the literature and discuss the role of three key nutrients involved in pediatric NAFLD fructose and its participation in metabolism, Omega-3 fatty acids and its anti-inflammatory effects and vitamin E and its action on oxidative stress.
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4.
Evaluation of the Effect Derived from Silybin with Vitamin D and Vitamin E Administration on Clinical, Metabolic, Endothelial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress Parameters, and Serological Worsening Markers in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients.
Federico, A, Dallio, M, Masarone, M, Gravina, AG, Di Sarno, R, Tuccillo, C, Cossiga, V, Lama, S, Stiuso, P, Morisco, F, et al
Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2019;:8742075
Abstract
Nowadays, the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease represents the main chronic liver disease in the Western countries, and the correct medical therapy remains a big question for the scientific community. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect derived from the administration for six months of silybin with vitamin D and vitamin E (RealSIL 100D®) on metabolic markers, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and worsening of disease markers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients. We enrolled 90 consecutive patients with histological diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and 60 patients with diagnosis of reflux disease (not in therapy) as healthy controls. The nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients were randomized into two groups: treated (60 patients) and not treated (30 patients). We performed a nutritional assessment and evaluated clinical parameters, routine home tests, the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, NAFLD fibrosis score and fibrosis-4, transient elastography and controlled attenuation parameter, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, tumor necrosis factor α, transforming growth factor β, interleukin-18 and interleukin-22, matrix metalloproteinase 2, epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin growth factor-II, cluster of differentiation-44, high mobility group box-1, and Endocan. Compared to the healthy controls, the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients had statistically significant differences for almost all parameters evaluated at baseline (p < 0.05). Six months after the baseline, the proportion of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients treated that underwent a statistically significant improvement in metabolic markers, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and worsening of disease was greater than not treated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients (p < 0.05). Even more relevant results were obtained for the same parameters by analyzing patients with a concomitant diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001). The benefit that derives from the use of RealSIL 100D could derive from the action on more systems able to advance the pathology above all in that subset of patients suffering from concomitant metabolic syndrome.
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5.
Sesame oil and vitamin E co-administration may improve cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.
Farajbakhsh, A, Mazloomi, SM, Mazidi, M, Rezaie, P, Akbarzadeh, M, Ahmad, SP, Ferns, GA, Ofori-Asenso, R, Babajafari, S
European journal of clinical nutrition. 2019;(10):1403-1411
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a clustering of metabolic abnormalities that are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to evaluate the effects of sesame oil enriched with vitamin E (vit E), sesame oil alone and sunflower oil on lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBG), malondialdehyde (MDA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), and blood pressure (BP) in patients with MetS. SUBJECTS Overall, 75 individuals with MetS (aged 30-70 years) participated in this randomized, single-blind controlled trial. Patients were randomly allocated to: (1) Group A (n = 25): sesame oil (30 ml/day) enriched with vit E (400 mg/day), (2) Group B (n = 25): sesame oil (30 ml/day), (3) Group C (n = 25): sunflower oil (30 ml/day). Anthropometric data, dietary intake, blood pressure, and biochemical markers, including fasting serum lipids, FBG, serum insulin, MDA, and hs-CRP were measured at baseline and at week 8. RESULTS In individuals in the sesame oil enriched with vit E group (Group A), there were significant reductions in serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), FBG, HOMA-IR, MDA, hs-CRP, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) systolic and diastolic BP (for all the comparison p < 0.02). Similarly, in Group B (taking sesame oil alone), TC, TG, FBG, HOMA-IR, MDA, systolic and diastolic BP were significantly improved (for all the comparison p < 0.025), while there were no significant changes in serum HDL (baseline = 35.9 ± 7.2 mg/dL vs. 36.4 ± 6.2 mg/dL, p = 0.432) and hs-CRP (baseline = 4.38 ± 1.34 mg/dL vs. week 8 = 3.96 ± 1.7 mg/dL, p = 0.057) in second group. No significant changes in any of the studied clinical and anthropometric data were found in Group C (on sunflower oil). CONCLUSION Sesame oil (±vit E) was shown to beneficially affect several cardiometabolic indices (including lipids, FBG, BP, HOMA-IR, and MDA) in patients with MetS.
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6.
Effect of omega-3 fatty acid plus vitamin E Co-Supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Sepidarkish, M, Morvaridzadeh, M, Akbari-Fakhrabadi, M, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Rezaeinejad, M, Heshmati, J
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2019;(2):1649-1656
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is linked to chronic inflammation, which in return leads to a set of chronic disorders. Omega-3 fatty acids have been reported to reduce inflammation. Furthermore, Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementations may be more effective than the single supplementation in control dyslipidemia. Therefore, we designed and conducted the current systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of co-supplementation of vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids on the lipid profile. METHODS A comprehensive search for studies published between January 1990 and July 2018 was performed. The initial search extracted 3015 potentially relevant articles. After studying these publications, 9 RCTs were potentially eligible and retrieved in full text. RESULTS The meta-analysis indicate that on total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglyceride individually did not show any significant difference between intervention and control groups, but vitamin E an omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementations significantly reduce VLDL levels. CONCLUSIONS Based on the available evidence, omega-3 fatty acid and vitamin E co-supplementation can reduce VLDL, although its effect on other lipid profile parameters requires more well-designed studies.
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7.
Hormonal and Metabolic Effects of Coenzyme Q10 and/or Vitamin E in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Izadi, A, Ebrahimi, S, Shirazi, S, Taghizadeh, S, Parizad, M, Farzadi, L, Gargari, BP
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2019;(2):319-327
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-age women. The hormonal and metabolic effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and/or vitamin E in patients with PCOS have not been studied, to our knowledge. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of CoQ10 and/or vitamin E on glucose homeostasis parameters and reproductive hormones in women with PCOS. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial among 86 women with PCOS. INTERVENTION CoQ10 or vitamin E or combination for 8 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Glucose homeostasis parameters and sex hormone concentrations. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, supplementation with CoQ10 alone or in combination with vitamin E, compared with placebo, had significant effects on fasting blood sugar (FBS); vitamin E's effect on FBS was not significant. A significant reduction in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was observed in the CoQ10 and combined groups. CoQ10, vitamin E, and cosupplementation led to decreased serum total testosterone levels (P < 0.001) compared with those of the placebo group. CoQ10 supplementation in combination with vitamin E significantly improved in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels compared with other groups (P = 0.008). Linear regression analysis revealed that changes in FBS, insulin, and HOMA-IR were predictors of change in free androgen index (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION CoQ10 with or without vitamin E supplementation among women with PCOS had beneficial effects on serum FBS and insulin levels, as well as HOMA-IR and total testosterone levels. However, only cosupplementation affected SHBG concentrations.
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8.
Effect of Omega-3 and vitamin E co-supplementation on serum lipids concentrations in overweight patients with metabolic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Asbaghi, O, Choghakhori, R, Abbasnezhad, A
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2019;(4):2525-2531
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results of the studies assessed the effect of omega-3 and vitamin E co-supplementation on lipid profile in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) are contradictory. Therefore, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), to assess the effect of omega-3 and vitamin E co-supplementation on total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in patients with MS. METHODS A systematic search was performed to find the related articles, up to April, 2019. There was no language and time limitation. Meta-analyses were carried out using both the random and fixed effects model where appropriate, and I2 index was used to evaluate the heterogeneity. RESULTS Search yielded 1236 publications. Five RCTs with 254 patients were eligible. Results of the meta-analysis indicated that omega-3 and vitamin E co-supplementation significantly reduced the serum concentrations of TG and LDL, whereas, it had no significant effect on the serum levels of TC and HDL in overweight patients with MS. CONCLUSION Present systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that omega-3 and vitamin E co-supplementation have beneficial effects on lipid profile of overweight patients with MS. It significantly reduced the serum levels of TG and LDL in such patients.
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9.
The Effects of Magnesium and Vitamin E Co-Supplementation on Hormonal Status and Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Shokrpour, M, Asemi, Z
Biological trace element research. 2019;(1):54-60
Abstract
Synergistic approach of magnesium and vitamin E may benefit clinical symptoms of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) through improving their metabolic profiles and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. This study was designed to determine the effects of magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation on hormonal status and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with PCOS. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 60 women with PCOS, aged 18-40 years old. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to take 250 mg/day magnesium plus 400 mg/day vitamin E supplements or placebo (n = 30 each group) for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after the 12-week intervention to quantify related variables. Magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in hirsutism (β - 0.37; 95% CI, - 0.70, - 0.05; P = 0.02) and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (β - 0.67 mg/L; 95% CI, - 1.20, - 0.14; P = 0.01), and a significant increase in plasma nitric oxide (NO) (β 3.40 μmol/L; 95% CI, 1.46, 5.35; P = 0.001) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (β 66.32 mmol/L; 95% CI, 43.80, 88.84; P < 0.001). Overall, magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation for 12 weeks may benefit women with PCOS on hirsutism, serum hs-CRP, plasma NO, and TAC levels. Clinical trial registration number http://www.irct.ir : IRCT2017082733941N8.
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10.
The Effect of Magnesium and Vitamin E Co-Supplementation on Glycemic Control and Markers of Cardio-Metabolic Risk in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Jamilian, M, Sabzevar, NK, Asemi, Z
Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme. 2019;(2):100-105
Abstract
Data on the effects of magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation on glycemic control and markers of cardio-metabolic risk of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were collected. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the effects of magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation on glycemic control and markers of cardio-metabolic risk in women with PCOS. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out on 60 women with PCOS, aged 18-40 years old. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to receive 250 mg/day magnesium plus 400 mg/day vitamin E supplements or placebo (n=30 each group) for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after the 12-week intervention to quantify related variables. After the 12-week intervention, compared with the placebo, magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation led to a significant reduction in serum insulin levels (-1.1±3.0 vs. +1.6±3.7 μIU/ml, p=0.003) and homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (-0.2±0.7 vs. +0.4±0.9, p=0.002), and a significant increase in the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01±0.01 vs. -0.009±0.02, p=0.003). Furthermore, magnesium plus vitamin E supplementation significantly decreased serum triglycerides (-15.0±24.4 vs. +6.7±22.2 mg/dl, p=0.001) and VLDL-cholesterol concentrations (-3.0±4.9 vs. +0.6±2.4 mg/dl, P=0.01) compared with the placebo. A trend toward a greater decrease in total cholesterol levels was observed in magnesium plus vitamin E group compared to placebo group (-7.0±32.6 vs. +8.1±26.6 mg/dl, p=0.05). In conclusion, magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation for 12 weeks to PCOS women had beneficial effects on parameters of insulin metabolism and few markers of cardio-metabolic risk.