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Body Weight Reduction Results in Favorable Changes in Blood Pressure, Serum Lipids, and Blood Sugar in Middle-Aged Japanese Persons: A 5-Year Interval Observational Study of 26,824 Cases.
Mandai, N, Akazawa, K, Hara, N, Ide, Y, Ide, K, Dazai, U, Chishaki, A, Chishaki, H
Global journal of health science. 2015;(5):159-70
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the relationships between body weight (BWt) and metabolic syndrome (MS) risk factors to elucidate the effect of BWt (?BWt) change and body mass index (BMI) on these factors in the Japanese population. METHODS Data were collected on MS-related parameters measured during two annual examinations of 16,640 men (mean age: 41.7±11.6 years) and 10,184 women (mean age: 45.0±12.2 years) without prior treatment of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia in 2006 and 2011 in Fukuoka, Japan. The subjects were divided into three groups according to BMI in 2006 (low, middle and high BMI) and into three groups according to change in BMI between 2006 and 2011 (decreased, stable, and increased BMI). Mean values for blood pressure (BP), systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) for each group were determined by sex and subjected to statistical analysis for comparison. RESULTS High BMI (>26) was associated with higher SBP, LDL-C, FBG, and TG in both sexes. An increase≥1.1 BMI units in 5 years was associated with increased DBP, LDL-C, TG, HbA1c, and FBG and decreased HDL-C. In contrast, decreased BMI was associated with decreased BP and LDL-C and increased HDL-C in both sexes, and decreased TG in men and FBG in women. CONCLUSIONS Maintaining a desirable weight or losing weight may help prevent hypertension and MS, even in non-obese individuals.
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Effect of orlistat on weight loss, hormonal and metabolic profiles in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
Moini, A, Kanani, M, Kashani, L, Hosseini, R, Hosseini, L
Endocrine. 2015;(1):286-9
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Weight reduction in patients with coronary artery disease: comparison of Traditional Tibetan Medicine and Western diet.
von Haehling, S, Stellos, K, Qusar, N, Gawaz, M, Bigalke, B
International journal of cardiology. 2013;(2):1509-15
Abstract
BACKGROUND To test alternative medicine approaches with a specifically designed Tibetan dietary and behavioral program in patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) and manifest metabolic syndrome. METHODS This was a randomized, controlled, double-blinded, parallel group dietary and behavioral intervention study. Between December 2008 and November 2010, patients were randomly adjudicated either to evidence-based Western diet (usual care), or to Tibetan diet. We evaluated 524 patients undergoing coronary angiography. All patients were white Caucasian, presented with a body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m(2), and had evidence of metabolic syndrome. The primary endpoint was change in body weight and BMI at 6 months follow-up. Secondary endpoints included blood pressure, heart rate, intima media thickness, lipids, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP) at 6 months follow-up and change in body weight and BMI at 12 months. RESULTS Both groups of patients showed significantly reduced body weight and BMI compared to baseline (6 months, usual care weight change: -3.2 ± 3.0 kg; BMI change: -1.1 ± 1.0 kg/m(2); Tibetan diet weight change: -6.2 ± 4.4 kg/m(2); BMI change: -2.1 ± 1.5 kg/m(2)), but these changes were more pronounced in Tibetan diet compared to usual care (all, p<0.001). Beneficial effects on weight and BMI were maintained after 12 months of follow-up (p<0.0001). Levels of total and LDL cholesterols, fibrinogen and CRP were decreased in both groups, but more pronounced in Tibetan diet (Tibetan diet vs. usual care (total cholesterol): 176.2 ± 43.7 vs. 185.1 ± 47.8 mg/dL; p=0.024; LDL: 111.6 ± 37.8 vs. 119.4 ± 40.9 mg/dL; p=0.026; fibrinogen: 318.3 ± 90.4 vs. 334.1 ± 87.9 mg/dL; p=0.040; CRP: 1.2 ± 3.0 vs. 2.2 ± 4.5mg/dL; p=0.036). CONCLUSIONS Tibetan diet reduces body weight and BMI in patients with CAD and metabolic syndrome after 6 months significantly better than Western diet and may induce lipid-modifying and anti-inflammatory effects (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00810992).
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Baseline sympathetic nervous system activity predicts dietary weight loss in obese metabolic syndrome subjects.
Straznicky, NE, Eikelis, N, Nestel, PJ, Dixon, JB, Dawood, T, Grima, MT, Sari, CI, Schlaich, MP, Esler, MD, Tilbrook, AJ, et al
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2012;(2):605-13
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Abstract
CONTEXT The sympathetic nervous system is an important physiological modulator of basal and postprandial energy expenditure. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate whether the variability of weight loss attained during hypocaloric dietary intervention is related to individual differences in baseline sympathetic drive and nutritional sympathetic nervous system responsiveness. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Untreated obese subjects (n = 42; body mass index = 32.1 ± 0.5 kg/m(2)), aged 57 ± 1 yr, who fulfilled Adult Treatment Panel III metabolic syndrome criteria participated in a 12-wk weight loss program using a modified Dietary Approaches to Treat Hypertension (DASH) diet. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was measured by microneurography at rest and in a subset of subjects during a standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS Weight loss (6.7 ± 0.5 kg) was independently predicted by baseline resting MSNA burst incidence (r = 0.38; P = 0.019), which accounted for 14.3% of the variance after adjustment for age and baseline body weight. Weight loss-resistant subjects in the lower tertile of weight loss (4.4 ± 0.3%) had significantly blunted MSNA responses to oral glucose at baseline compared with successful weight losers (9.6 ± 0.8%). Absolute Δ MSNA averaged -7 ± 2, -6 ± 5, and -3 ± 3 bursts per 100 heartbeats at 30, 60, and 90 min after glucose in the weight loss-resistant group. Corresponding values in the successful weight loss group were 9 ± 3, 12 ± 3, and 15 ± 4 bursts per 100 heartbeats (time × group interaction, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that baseline sympathetic drive and nutritional sympathetic responsiveness may be important prognostic biological markers for weight loss outcome.
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20-HETE and F2-isoprostanes in the metabolic syndrome: the effect of weight reduction.
Tsai, IJ, Croft, KD, Mori, TA, Falck, JR, Beilin, LJ, Puddey, IB, Barden, AE
Free radical biology & medicine. 2009;(2):263-70
Abstract
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a cytochrome P450 metabolite of arachidonic acid that regulates vascular function and sodium homeostasis. Studies showing an association between 20-HETE excretion, raised BMI, and oxidative stress suggest that 20-HETE may be important in the development of cardiovascular disease in the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We investigated whether 20-HETE and F(2)-isoprostanes (markers of oxidative stress) were altered in the MetS before and after weight reduction. A case-controlled comparison of 30 participants with the MetS and matched controls showed that plasma and urinary 20-HETE and F(2)-isoprostanes were significantly elevated in the MetS group. There was a significant gender x group interaction such that women with the MetS had higher urinary 20-HETE and F(2)-isoprostanes compared to controls (p<0.0001). In a randomized controlled trial, 42 participants with the MetS were assigned to 16 weeks of weight maintenance or a 12-week weight-loss program followed by 4 weeks weight stabilization. Relative to the weight-maintenance group, a 4-kg loss in weight resulted in a 2-mm Hg fall in blood pressure (BP) but did not alter urinary or plasma 20-HETE or F(2)-isoprostanes. 20-HETE and oxidative stress may be important mediators of cardiovascular disease risk in the MetS. Although a 4% reduction in body weight reduced BP, there were no changes in plasma or urinary 20-HETE or F(2)-isoprostanes.
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Metabolic and nutritional status changes after 10% weight loss in severely obese patients treated with laparoscopic surgery vs integrated medical treatment.
del Genio, F, Alfonsi, L, Marra, M, Finelli, C, del Genio, G, Rossetti, G, del Genio, A, Contaldo, F, Pasanisi, F
Obesity surgery. 2007;(12):1592-8
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is considered the most effective treatment for reducing excess body weight and maintaining weight loss (WL) in severely obese patients. There are limited data evaluating metabolic and body composition changes after different treatments in type III obese (body mass index [BMI] > 40 kg/m(2)). METHODS Twenty patients (9 males, 11 females; 37.6 +/- 8 years; BMI = 50.1 +/- 8 kg/m(2)) treated with dietary therapy and lifestyle correction (group 1) have been compared with 20 matched patients (41.8 +/- 6 years; BMI = 50.4 +/- 6 kg/m(2)) treated with laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGBP; group 2). Patients have been evaluated before treatment and after >10% WL obtained on average 6 weeks after LGBP and 30 weeks after integrated medical treatment. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was evaluated using the Adult Treatment Panel III/America Heart Association (ATP III/AHA) criteria. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and respiratory quotient (RQ) was assessed with indirect calorimetry; body composition with bioimpedance analysis. RESULTS At entry, RMR/fat-free mass (FFM) was 34.2 +/- 7 kcal/24 h.kg in group 1 and 35.1 +/- 8 kcal/24 h.kg in group 2 and did not decrease in both groups after 10% WL (31.8 +/- 6 vs 34.0 +/- 6). Percent FFM and fat mass (FM) was 50.7 +/- 7% and 49.3 +/- 7% in group 1 and 52.1 +/- 6% and 47.9 +/- 6% in group 2, respectively (p = n.s.). After WL, body composition significantly changed only in group 1 (% FFM increased to 55.9 +/- 6 and % FM decreased to 44.1 +/- 6; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION After >10% WL, MS prevalence decreases precociously in surgically treated patients; some improvements in body composition are observed in nonsurgically treated patients only. Further investigations are needed to evaluate long-term effects of bariatric surgery on body composition and RMR after stable WL.