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Levels of Circulating miR-122 are Associated with Weight Loss and Metabolic Syndrome.
Hess, AL, Larsen, LH, Udesen, PB, Sanz, Y, Larsen, TM, Dalgaard, LT
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). 2020;(3):493-501
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether the levels of specific serum microRNAs (miRNAs) were altered following diet-induced weight loss and whether the serum miRNAs differed in the presence of the metabolic syndrome. METHODS The study was a weight loss intervention trial with a prescribed energy deficit of approximately 500 kcal/d. Levels of 22 miRNAs were determined in serum samples from 85 participants with overweight or obesity. miRNAs were analyzed using TaqMan Array miRNA Cards and normalized to the geometric mean of spiked-in ath-miR-159a and U6 small nuclear RNA using the ΔCT method. RESULTS The average weight loss was 5.7 kg (P < 0.001). miR-122-5p (-0.18 ± 0.06 log fold relative to initial, P < 0.01) and miR-193a-5p (-0.12 ± 0.04, P < 0.01) levels decreased in response to weight loss. miR-126a-3p (0.11 ± 0.04, P = 0.01) and miR-222-3p (1.51 ± 0.12, P < 0.001) levels increased. Furthermore, a higher level of miR-122-5p was observed at baseline in participants with the metabolic syndrome compared with participants without (0.28 ± 0.08, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Changes in circulating miR-122-5p, miR-126a-3p, miR-193a-5p, and miR-222-3p in response to diet-induced weight loss are demonstrated. Furthermore, assessment of miR-122-5p could be an indicator of an adverse metabolic health status independent of obesity.
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A Single Motivational Lecture Can Promote Modest Weight Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Nakata, Y, Sasai, H, Tsujimoto, T, Hashimoto, K, Kobayashi, H
Obesity facts. 2020;(2):267-278
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a public health problem worldwide. To widely disseminate weight-loss interventions across the target population, a cost-effective approach is needed. OBJECTIVE We aimed to test whether a single motivational lecture could promote weight loss. METHODS Our study was a 3-month randomized controlled trial, and we recruited participants via local newspaper advertisements in 3 cities in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, and randomly assigned them to a control group (no intervention) and an intervention group, who attended a single motivational lecture lasting approximately 2 h. No other lectures or textbooks were provided. The eligibility criteria included an age of 40-64 years, a body mass index (BMI) of 25-40 kg/m2, and the presence of at least 1 component of metabolic syndrome. The primary outcome was body weight change at 3 months. RESULTS We enrolled 145 eligible participants with a mean age of 53.8 ± 7.1 years and a BMI of 28.5 ± 3.1 kg/m2. The 3-month body weight change in the control and intervention groups was -0.65 kg (95% confidence interval [CI] -1.09 to -0.20) and -2.48 kg (95% CI -3.01 to -1.95), respectively. The between-group difference was 1.83 kg (95% CI 1.15-2.51). CONCLUSIONS The significant difference suggested that a single motivational lecture is an effective option to promote modest weight loss in the short term.
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An integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis identifies CD44 gene as a potential biomarker for weight loss within an energy-restricted program.
Samblas, M, Mansego, ML, Zulet, MA, Milagro, FI, Martinez, JA
European journal of nutrition. 2019;(5):1971-1980
Abstract
PURPOSE The interindividual variable response to weight-loss treatments requires the search for new predictive biomarkers for improving the success of weight-loss programs. The aim of this study is to identify novel genes that distinguish individual responses to a weight-loss dietary treatment by using the integrative analysis of mRNA expression and DNA methylation arrays. METHODS Subjects from Metabolic Syndrome Reduction in Navarra (RESMENA) project were classified as low (LR) or high (HR) responders depending on their weight loss. Transcriptomic (n = 24) and epigenomic (n = 47) patterns were determined by array-based genome-wide technologies in human white blood cells at the baseline of the treatment period. CD44 expression was validated by qRT-PCR and methylation degree of CpGs of the gene was validated by MassARRAY® EpiTYPER™ in a subsample of 47 subjects. CD44 protein levels were measured by ELISA in human plasma. RESULTS Different expression and DNA methylation profiles were identified in LR in comparison to HR. The integrative analysis of both array data identified four genes: CD44, ITPR1, MTSS1 and FBXW5 that were differently methylated and expressed between groups. CD44 showed higher expression and lower DNA methylation levels in LR than in HR. Although differences in CD44 protein levels between LR and HR were not statistically significant, a positive association was observed between CD44 mRNA expression and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the combination of a genome-wide methylation and expression array dataset can be a useful strategy to identify novel genes that might be considered as predictors of the dietary response. CD44 gene transcription and methylation may be a possible candidate biomarker for weight-loss prediction.
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Improving Weight Loss by Combination of Two Temporary Antiobesity Treatments.
Genco, A, Ienca, R, Ernesti, I, Maselli, R, Casella, G, Bresciani, S, Mariani, S, Soricelli, E, Baglio, G, Lorenzo, M, et al
Obesity surgery. 2018;(12):3733-3737
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally accepted that the efficacy with an intragastric balloon decreases after the first 4 months of treatment. Aim of this study is to evaluate if the association of a very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) can improve the results in terms of weight loss parameters and co-morbidities, as compared to usually prescribed low-calorie diet (LCD). METHODS For the present study (January 2016-June 2017), 80 patients (20 M/60 F, mean age 37.8 ± 6.1 years; excess weight 56 ± 10 kg; mean BMI 37.2 ± 3.8 kg/m2) underwent Orbera positioning. After 4 months, they were randomized into two groups according to the type of treatment: group A (Bioenterics intragastric balloon - Orbera + VLCKD) (n = 40), and group B (Orbera + LCD) (n = 40). RESULTS All patients completed the study with good adherence to diet therapy treatment allocation. After the 6-month treatment period, at time of Orbera removal, mean weight loss was 19 kg and 12 kg in groups A and B respectively (p < 0.05). Mean BMI was 28.9 ± 2.8 and 31.6 ± 3.1 kg/m2 (p < 0.05), and %EWL was 33.1 ± 3.3 and 21.1 ± 2.9 (p < 0.05) in groups A and B respectively. During the last 2 months in group A, the mean weight loss was 8 kg, while in Group B, the main weight loss was 3 kg (p < 0.001). The VLCKD treatment induced a more significant reduction of major comorbidities related to metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS This study clearly indicates the efficacy of the prescription of very low-calorie ketogenic diet improving the efficacy of intragastric balloon positioning.
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Link between chemerin, central obesity, and parameters of the Metabolic Syndrome: findings from a longitudinal study in obese children participating in a lifestyle intervention.
Niklowitz, P, Rothermel, J, Lass, N, Barth, A, Reinehr, T
International journal of obesity (2005). 2018;(10):1743-1752
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chemerin has been suggested as a potential link between obesity and associated comorbidities in humans. Therefore, we studied the relationships between chemerin, parameters of fat mass, and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in obese children before and after weight reduction. METHODS We determined chemerin, bioactive leptin (bioLep), BMI-SDS, waist circumference (WC), body fat based on skinfold measurements and bioimpedance analyses, lipids, transaminases, insulin resistance index HOMA, and blood pressure in 88 obese children participating in a lifestyle intervention at baseline and 1 year later. Furthermore, we determined chemerin concentrations in 23 normal-weight children. RESULTS Obese children demonstrated significantly (p < 0.001) higher chemerin concentrations compared to normal-weight children (96.2 ± 23.0 versus 63.1 ± 12.4 ng/ml). The chemerin concentrations were not related to age or gender. Prepubertal children had higher (p = 0.024) chemerin concentrations than pubertal children (71.0 ± 13.4 versus 58.0 ± 8.9 ng/ml). Weight loss was associated with a decrease of chemerin (-14.0 ± 22.0 ng/ml; p < 0.001) and an improvement of all parameters of the MetS. Chemerin was significantly related to BMI-SDS, WC, and bioLep in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Chemerin and its changes were significantly related to insulin, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and their changes in multiple linear regression analyses adjusted to age, gender, pubertal stage, leptin and BMI. CONCLUSIONS Since chemerin was related to parameters of central fat mass and MetS both in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses these findings suggest an impact of chemerin on factors of the MetS in obese children.
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Community Weight Loss to Combat Obesity and Disability in At-Risk Older Adults.
Rejeski, WJ, Ambrosius, WT, Burdette, JH, Walkup, MP, Marsh, AP
The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. 2017;(11):1547-1553
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BACKGROUND Among older, overweight, and obese adults with either cardiovascular disease or the metabolic syndrome, reduced mobility and loss of leg strength are important risk factors for morbidity, disability, and mortality. It is unclear whether community-based approaches to weight loss may be an effective solution to this public health challenge. METHODS An 18-month three-site, randomized controlled trial conducted by YMCA staff, with blinded assessors, enrolled 249 older, overweight, and obese adults with either cardiovascular disease or metabolic syndrome with randomization to three interventions: weight loss alone (WL), weight loss + aerobic training (WL + AT), and weight loss + resistance training (WT + RT). The dual primary outcomes were 400-m walk time in seconds and knee extensor strength in Newton meters. RESULTS All groups lost weight from baseline: average baseline adjusted change of -6.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -7.5 to -4.7) for WL only, -8.6% (95% CI: -10.0 to -7.2) for WL + AT, and -9.7% (95% CI: -11.1 to -8.4) for WL + RT. Combined, the two physical activity + WL training groups had greater improvement in walk time than WL alone (mean difference 16.9 seconds [95% CI: 9.7 to 24.0], p < .0001). Baseline adjusted change in knee extensor strength was no greater with WL + RT than WL + AT (mean difference -3.6 Nm [95% CI: -7.5 to 0.3], p = .07). CONCLUSIONS At risk, older, overweight and obese adults can achieve clinically significant reductions in body weight with community-based weight loss programs. The change in percent weight loss and improvements in mobility are significantly enhanced when either RT or AT is combined with dietary WL.
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Serum bile acids and GLP-1 decrease following telemetric induced weight loss: results of a randomized controlled trial.
Biemann, R, Penner, M, Borucki, K, Westphal, S, Luley, C, Rönicke, R, Biemann, K, Weikert, C, Lux, A, Goncharenko, N, et al
Scientific reports. 2016;:30173
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are increasingly recognised as metabolic regulators, potentially improving insulin sensitivity following bariatric surgery. However, physiological relevance of such observations remains unknown. Hence, we analysed serum BA composition and associated gut-derived hormone levels following lifestyle-induced weight loss in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). 74 non-smoking men (45-55 yr) with MetS were randomised to a lifestyle-induced weight loss program (supervision via telemonitoring) or to a control arm. Before and after a 6 months intervention period clinical and laboratory parameters, body composition, serum BA profile, FGF-19, and GLP-1 concentrations were determined in fasting blood samples. 30 participants in the control and 33 participants in the treatment arm completed the study and were included in the data analysis. In participants of the treatment arm lifestyle-induced weight loss resulted in markedly improved insulin sensitivity. Serum levels of BA species and total GLP-1 decreased, while FGF-19 remained stable. Serum BA composition changed towards an increased 12α-hydroxylated/non-12α-hydroxylated ratio. None of these parameters changed in participants of the control arm. Our results demonstrate that improved metabolic control by lifestyle modifications lowers serum levels of BAs and GLP-1 and changes serum BA composition towards an increased 12α/non-12α ratio (ICTRP Trial Number: U1111-1158-3672).
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Effect of orlistat on weight loss, hormonal and metabolic profiles in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
Moini, A, Kanani, M, Kashani, L, Hosseini, R, Hosseini, L
Endocrine. 2015;(1):286-9
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Threshold for improvement in insulin sensitivity with adolescent weight loss.
Abrams, P, Levitt Katz, LE, Moore, RH, Xanthopoulos, MS, Bishop-Gilyard, CT, Wadden, TA, Berkowitz, RI
The Journal of pediatrics. 2013;(3):785-90
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OBJECTIVES To assess the association of weight loss and insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and metabolic syndrome (MS) in obese adolescents following weight loss treatment, and to determine the threshold amount of weight loss required to observe improvements in these measures. STUDY DESIGN A randomized, controlled behavioral weight loss trial was conducted with 113 obese adolescents. Changes in fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI), body mass index (BMI), and MS criteria were assessed at baseline and at month 4. RESULTS There was significant improvement in all measures of insulin sensitivity at month 4. Mean fasting insulin dropped from 22.3 to 16.6 μU/mL (P < .0001). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance decreased significantly from 4.9 to 3.7 (P = .001) and WBISI increased significantly from 2.87 to 3.98 (P < .0001). An 8% reduction in BMI led to a significant improvement in WBISI (P = .03) and was the optimal threshold. Fewer individuals met criteria for MS after weight loss (P = .0038), although there were no significant changes in the individual features of the syndrome. CONCLUSIONS In this trial, weight loss at month 4 was associated with improved insulin sensitivity in obese adolescents. An approximate decrease in BMI of 8% was the threshold level at which insulin sensitivity improved. As more weight loss programs are designed for obese adolescents, it will be important to have reasonable weight loss goals that will yield improvements in metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk factors.
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Effect of a dairy- and calcium-rich diet on weight loss and appetite during energy restriction in overweight and obese adults: a randomized trial.
Jones, KW, Eller, LK, Parnell, JA, Doyle-Baker, PK, Edwards, AL, Reimer, RA
European journal of clinical nutrition. 2013;(4):371-6
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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES A diet rich in dairy and calcium (Ca) has been variably associated with improvements in body composition and decreased risk of type 2 diabetes. Our objective was to determine if a dietary pattern high in dairy and Ca improves weight loss and subjective appetite to a greater extent than a low dairy/Ca diet during energy restriction in overweight and obese adults with metabolic syndrome. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 49 participants were randomized to one of two treatment groups: Control (low dairy, ≈ 700 mg/day Ca, -500 kcal/day) or Dairy/Ca (high dairy, ≈ 1400 mg/day Ca, -500 kcal/day) for 12 weeks. Body composition, subjective ratings of appetite, food intake, plasma satiety hormones, glycemic response and inflammatory cytokines were measured. RESULTS Control (-2.2 ± 0.5 kg) and Dairy/Ca (-3.3 ± 0.6 kg) had similar weight loss. Based on self-reported energy intake, the percentage of expected weight loss achieved was higher with Dairy/Ca (82.1 ± 19.4%) than Control (32.2 ± 7.7%; P=0.03). Subjects in the Dairy/Ca group reported feeling more satisfied (P=0.01) and had lower dietary fat intake (P=0.02) over 12 weeks compared with Control. Compared with Control, Dairy/Ca had higher plasma levels of peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY, P=0.01) during the meal tolerance test at week 12. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was reduced at 30 min with Dairy/Ca compared with Control (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, a dairy- and Ca-rich diet was not associated with greater weight loss than control. Modest increases in plasma PYY concentrations with increased dairy/Ca intake, however, may contribute to enhanced sensations of satisfaction and reduced dietary fat intake during energy restriction.