1.
Effects of whey protein on glycemic control and serum lipoproteins in patients with metabolic syndrome and related conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.
Amirani, E, Milajerdi, A, Reiner, Ž, Mirzaei, H, Mansournia, MA, Asemi, Z
Lipids in health and disease. 2020;(1):209
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of whey protein on serum lipoproteins and glycemic status in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related disorders. METHODS Online databases, such as Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched by two independent authors from inception until 30th April 2020 for English randomized clinical trials investigating the efficacy of whey protein administration in subjects with Mets or related conditions on the parameters of glycemic and lipid control compared to certain control. In order to evaluate the included studies' methodological quality, Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was applied. Using Cochrane's Q test and I-square (I2) statistic, the included trials' heterogeneity was also examined. Using a random-effects model, data were pooled, and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered as the overall effect size. RESULTS Twenty-two studies were selected to be included in this meta-analysis. Consumption of whey protein resulted in significant reduction of HbA1c (WMD: -0.15; 95% CI: - 0.29, - 0.01) insulin (WMD: -0.94; 95% CI: - 1.68, - 0.21) and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD: -0.20; 95% CI: - 0.36, - 0.05). A significant reduction in triglycerides levels (WMD: -17.12; 95% CI: - 26.52, - 7.72), total cholesterol (WMD: -10.88; 95% CI -18.60, - 3.17), LDL-cholesterol levels (WMD: -8.47 95% CI: - 16.59, - 0.36) and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio (WMD: -0.26; 95% CI: - 0.41, - 0.10) was found as well. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that supplementation with whey protein had beneficial effect on several indicators of glycemic control and lipid parameters in patients with MetS and related conditions.
2.
The effect of whey protein on the components of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese individuals; a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Badely, M, Sepandi, M, Samadi, M, Parastouei, K, Taghdir, M
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2019;(6):3121-3131
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and stroke is increased following an outbreak of metabolic syndrome. Whey protein can play a major role in preventing metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to systematically evaluate the effect of whey protein on the components of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obesity patients. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on RCTs (PROSPERO registration number: CDR42019114794). Published articles of controlled trials between 1 January 2000 to 30 May 2019 indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were reviewed. Keywords were Whey Protein, Metabolic Syndrome, HDL Lipoprotein, Blood Pressure, Triglyceride, Fasting Blood Glucose, Waist Circumference, Overweight and Obesity or a combination of them in the title/abstracts. The mean difference was extracted for each study. All analyses performed using STATA version 11. RESULTS There were 2344 individuals reviewed in this systematic review of 37 published articles. CONCLUSION According to the results, whey supplementation significantly reduced the SBP, DBP, HDL, waist circumference, TG and FBS in intervention groups in comparing to control groups.
3.
Cocoa and Whey Protein Differentially Affect Markers of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism and Satiety.
Campbell, CL, Foegeding, EA, Harris, GK
Journal of medicinal food. 2016;(3):219-27
Abstract
Food formulation with bioactive ingredients is a potential strategy to promote satiety and weight management. Whey proteins are high in leucine and are shown to decrease hunger ratings and increase satiety hormone levels; cocoa polyphenolics moderate glucose levels and slow digestion. This study examined the effects of cocoa and whey proteins on lipid and glucose metabolism and satiety in vitro and in a clinical trial. In vitro, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with 0.5-100 μg/mL cocoa polyphenolic extract (CPE) and/or 1-15 mM leucine (Leu) and assayed for lipid accumulation and leptin production. In vivo, a 6-week clinical trial consisted of nine panelists (age: 22.6 ± 1.7; BMI: 22.3 ± 2.1) consuming chocolate-protein beverages once per week, including placebo, whey protein isolate (WPI), low polyphenolic cocoa (LP), high polyphenolic cocoa (HP), LP-WPI, and HP-WPI. Measurements included blood glucose and adiponectin levels, and hunger ratings at baseline and 0.5-4.0 h following beverage consumption. At levels of 50 and 100 μg/mL, CPE significantly inhibited preadipocyte lipid accumulation by 35% and 50%, respectively, and by 22% and 36% when combined with 15 mM Leu. Leu treatment increased adipocyte leptin production by 26-37%. In the clinical trial, all beverages significantly moderated blood glucose levels 30 min postconsumption. WPI beverages elicited lowest peak glucose levels and HP levels were significantly lower than LP. The WPI and HP beverage treatments significantly increased adiponectin levels, but elicited no significant changes in hunger ratings. These trends suggest that combinations of WPI and cocoa polyphenols may improve markers of metabolic syndrome and satiety.