1.
Osteosarcopenic Obesity: Current Knowledge, Revised Identification Criteria and Treatment Principles.
Kelly, OJ, Gilman, JC, Boschiero, D, Ilich, JZ
Nutrients. 2019;(4)
Abstract
Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) syndrome describes the simultaneous deterioration of bone, muscle and excess fat, resulting in reduced functionality and systemic metabolic dysregulation. The key component contributing to this may be ectopic fat in the viscera, bone and muscle. OSO research to date is summarized, and the revised criteria for its identification for research purposes are reviewed and proposed, including new criteria to assess visceral fat in males and females. Finally, nutritional and physical activity recommendations are consolidated into a treatment algorithm, which can be validated in future studies and which may also be applied to preventative management.
2.
Dietary interventions in the treatment of metabolic syndrome as a cardiovascular disease risk-inducing factor. A review.
Mandecka, A, Regulska-Ilow, B
Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny. 2018;(3):227-233
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a concept which refers to a simultaneous occurrence of clinically significant cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes as well as their vascular complications. The metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder, therefore its treatment should be multifactorial and intensive. MetS occurs due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Each of MetS components is a well-known risk factor of atherosclerosis. Such modifications to the lifestyle as increasing physical activity, introducing a well-balanced diet and reducing the body mass are associated with reduced occurrence of MetS and its individual components. It is necessary to implement proper dietary processes, a physical training program and pharmacological treatment. The treatment of MetS should begin with weight loss, which affects the occurrence of abdominal obesity, as well as increased physical activity, leading to an increased tissue sensitivity to insulin. It is recommended to introduce a low-energy, individually balanced diet that will lead to a 7-10% weight loss over the course of 6-12 months. Patients are also advised to quit smoking and limit the consumption of salt and alcohol.
3.
Nutrigenomics: Opportunities & challenges for public health nutrition.
Reddy, VS, Palika, R, Ismail, A, Pullakhandam, R, Reddy, GB
The Indian journal of medical research. 2018;(5):632-641
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Abstract
The hierarchical information flow through DNA-RNA-protein-metabolite collectively referred to as 'molecular fingerprint' defines both health and disease. Environment and food (quality and quantity) are the key factors known to affect the health of an individual. The fundamental concepts are that the transition from a healthy condition to a disease phenotype must occur by concurrent alterations in the genome expression or by differences in protein synthesis, function and metabolites. In other words, the dietary components directly or indirectly modulate the molecular fingerprint and understanding of which is dealt with nutrigenomics. Although the fundamental principles of nutrigenomics remain similar to that of traditional research, a collection of comprehensive targeted/untargeted data sets in the context of nutrition offers the unique advantage of understanding complex metabolic networks to provide a mechanistic understanding of data from epidemiological and intervention studies. In this review the challenges and opportunities of nutrigenomic tools in addressing the nutritional problems of public health importance are discussed. The application of nutrigenomic tools provided numerous leads on biomarkers of nutrient intake, undernutrition, metabolic syndrome and its complications. Importantly, nutrigenomic studies also led to the discovery of the association of multiple genetic polymorphisms in relation to the variability of micronutrient absorption and metabolism, providing a potential opportunity for further research toward setting personalized dietary recommendations for individuals and population subgroups.