1.
What Model of Nutrition Can Be Recommended to People Ending Their Professional Sports Career? An Analysis of the Mediterranean Diet and the CRON Diet in the Context of Former Athletes.
Hołowko-Ziółek, J, Cięszczyk, P, Biliński, J, Basak, GW, Stachowska, E
Nutrients. 2020;(12)
Abstract
Athletes who retire from their sporting career face an increase in body weight, leading to overweight or obesity. Simultaneously, a significant number of these athletes meet the criteria of metabolic syndrome. The available literature does not offer clearly defined standards of nutrition for the discussed group of people. In this situation, it seems advisable to develop different standards of dietary behavior typical of athletes finishing their sports careers. For this purpose, the study analyzed two types of diets: the Mediterranean diet and the Calorie Restriction with Optimal Nutrition (CRON) diet based on significant calorie restrictions. Both diets seem to meet the requirements of this group of people.
2.
Vitamin D and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Overweight Adults: An Overview of the Evidence.
Valer-Martinez, A, Martinez, JA, Sayon-Orea, C, Galvano, F, Grosso, G, Bes-Rastrollo, M
Current pharmaceutical design. 2019;(22):2407-2420
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested a potential association between low vitamin D serum levels and several pathological conditions apart from the well-known bone disorders. Thus, vitamin D insufficiency has been linked to cardiometabolic risk factors including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, as well as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE This review intends to provide an overview of recent evidence from clinical studies on vitamin D [25- hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)] and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight adults. Furthermore, we also discussed potential mechanisms and limits of the retrieved results. METHODS The search process was based on the selection of publications (RCT) listed in PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. RESULTS Vitamin D status evidenced an inversely strong association with subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adiposity, but not significantly related to other bodyweight measures (i.e., body mass index). Studies have shown a potential inverse association of hypovitaminosis D with insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION The mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency enhances adiposity, as well as putative association with metabolic syndrome features, remain still unclear. Further investigation would be required to conclude whether vitamin D has an independent role in preventing cardiometabolic disorders.
3.
Obesity in the European region: social aspects, epidemiology and preventive strategies.
Ricci, G, Tomassoni, D, Pirillo, I, Sirignano, A, Sciotti, M, Zaami, S, Grappasonni, I
European review for medical and pharmacological sciences. 2018;(20):6930-6939
Abstract
Obesity related to metabolic syndrome is gaining an increasing importance as the main risk factor for diseases and disability in the European region. We herein review the increasing trend of obesity and overweight in males and females from Europe, preventive programs addressed to children, youngsters, adult population and subjects with particular diseases which can profit from healthy nutrition. The main feature is that some European countries have implemented programs on World Health Organization (WHO) proposals, while some others have focused attention only on some aspects. Based on the reported obesity increase over the last twenty years, prevention programs seem to have been ineffective. Most likely, the effects will be observed later on. In this concern, it will be fundamental to continue and finance the countries of the European region, where those programs have been extensively applied, to obtain even better results in terms of obesity prevention.