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Chronic Hyperkalemia in Cardiorenal Patients: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and New Treatment Options.

Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, L. Parodi-Delfino Hospital, Colleferro, Italydilulloluca69@gmail.com. International Renal Research Institute, S. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy. Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Agrigento, Italy. Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, S. Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy. Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, L. Parodi-Delfino Hospital, Colleferro, Italy. Department of Health Sciences, S. Paolo Hospital, Milano, Italy. Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, ASTT Lariana, S. Anna Hospital, Como, Italy.

Cardiorenal medicine. 2019;(1):8-21
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Abstract

Chronic hyperkalemia (HK) is a serious medical condition that often manifests in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF) leading to poor outcomes and necessitating careful management by cardionephrologists. CKD, HF, diabetes, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors use is known to induce HK. Current therapeutic options are not optimal, as pointed out by a large number of CKD and HF patients with HK. The following review will focus on the main risk factors for developing HK and also aims to provide a guide for a correct diagnosis and present new approaches to therapy.

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Publication Type : Review

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