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Relation between ADHD and COVID-19: A Narrative Review to Guide Advancing Clinical Research and Therapy.

Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Neuroimaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.Department of Psychiatry, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Iranian journal of psychiatry. 2022;(1):110-117
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Abstract

Objective: To cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, national health authorities temporarily closed cultural, religious, and educational institutions such as universities and schools. Children and adolescents with ADHD were challenged with the restrictions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic such as homeschooling and reduced physical activity. The present narrative review aimed to summarize the state-of-the-art regarding associations between COVID-19-related social restrictions and possible psychological and behavioral issues in children and adolescents with ADHD. Additionally, we discussed the underlying possible reasons of the association focusing on the role of parental influence and physical activity, vulnerabilities of individuals with ADHD to Covid-19 infection and to school closure and remote learning. Method: To collect data for the present narrative review, recent publications on these topics between February 1st, 2020 and January 10th, 2021 were retrieved from the most popular search engines (PubMed; Scopus; Google Scholar; Psych Info; Embase) through a comprehensive search using relevant keywords. Results: During confinement, children and adolescents with ADHD reported increased behavioral and ADHD-related symptoms and overall decreased psychological well-being. Factors negatively impacting children's and adolescents' behavioral symptoms and well-being were: less physical activity, adverse parental behavior, difficulties in coping with preventive guidelines, and school closure and remote learning consequences. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with ADHD and their caregivers faced both specific and general psychological issues related to the school lockdowns and homeschooling. Additionally, Individuals with ADHD seem to be more vulnerable to Covid-19 infection which highlights the need for better healthcare adaptation.

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Publication Type : Review

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