TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of lifestyle challenges on the ocular surface.

Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Surgical Services, Miami Veterans Administration, Miami, FL, USA. Electronic address: agalor@med.miami.edu. Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Eye Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China. Cornea and Ocular Surface Unit, Eye Repair Lab, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Pallas-Kliniken, Olten, Bern, Zurich, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Triangle Eye Consultants, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. Instituto Universitario Fernandez-Vega, Universidad de Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain. Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK. School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. Department of Ophthalmology, Othorynolaringology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Cornea and External Eye Disease Service, Singapore National Eye Center, Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Eye Academic Clinical Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore. Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

The ocular surface. 2023;:262-303
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Abstract

Many factors in the domains of mental, physical, and social health have been associated with various ocular surface diseases, with most of the focus centered on aspects of dry eye disease (DED). Regarding mental health factors, several cross-sectional studies have noted associations between depression and anxiety, and medications used to treat these disorders, and DED symptoms. Sleep disorders (both involving quality and quantity of sleep) have also been associated with DED symptoms. Under the domain of physical health, several factors have been linked to meibomian gland abnormalities, including obesity and face mask wear. Cross-sectional studies have also linked chronic pain conditions, specifically migraine, chronic pain syndrome and fibromyalgia, to DED, principally focusing on DED symptoms. A systematic review and meta-analysis reviewed available data and concluded that various chronic pain conditions increased the risk of DED (variably defined), with odds ratios ranging from 1.60 to 2.16. However, heterogeneity was noted, highlighting the need for additional studies examining the impact of chronic pain on DED signs and subtype (evaporative versus aqueous deficient). With respect to societal factors, tobacco use has been most closely linked to tear instability, cocaine to decreased corneal sensitivity, and alcohol to tear film disturbances and DED symptoms.

Methodological quality

Publication Type : Meta-Analysis

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