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1.
Monitoring the Reaction of the Body State to Antibiotic Treatment against Helicobacter pylori via Infrared Spectroscopy: A Case Study.
Maiti, KS, Apolonski, A
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2021;(11)
Abstract
The current understanding of deviations of human microbiota caused by antibiotic treatment is poor. In an attempt to improve it, a proof-of-principle spectroscopic study of the breath of one volunteer affected by a course of antibiotics for Helicobacter pylori eradication was performed. Fourier transform spectroscopy enabled searching for the absorption spectral structures sensitive to the treatment in the entire mid-infrared region. Two spectral ranges were found where the corresponding structures strongly correlated with the beginning and end of the treatment. The structures were identified as methyl ester of butyric acid and ethyl ester of pyruvic acid. Both acids generated by bacteria in the gut are involved in fundamental processes of human metabolism. Being confirmed by other studies, measurement of the methyl butyrate deviation could be a promising way for monitoring acute gastritis and anti-Helicobacter pylori antibiotic treatment.
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2.
Helicobacter pylori Biofilm and New Strategies to Combat it.
Moghadam, MT, Chegini, Z, Khoshbayan, A, Farahani, I, Shariati, A
Current molecular medicine. 2021;(7):549-561
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, the most frequent pathogen worldwide that colonizes around 50% of the world's population, causes important diseases such as gastric adenocarcinoma, chronic gastritis, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. In recent years, various studies have reported that H. pylori biofilm may be one of the critical barriers to the eradication of this bacterial infection. Biofilms inhibit the penetration of antibiotics, increase the expression of efflux pumps and mutations, multiple therapeutic failures, and chronic infections. Nanoparticles and natural products can demolish H. pylori biofilm by destroying the outer layers and inhibiting the initial binding of bacteria. Also, the use of combination therapies destroying extracellular polymeric substances decreases coccoid forms of bacteria and degrading polysaccharides in the outer matrix that lead to an increase in the permeability and performance of antibiotics. Different probiotics, antimicrobial peptides, chemical substances, and polysaccharides by inhibiting adhesion and colonization of H. pylori can prevent biofilm formation by this bacterium. Of note, many of the above are applicable to acidic pH and can be used to treat gastritis. Therefore, H. pylori biofilm may be one of the major causes of failure to eradication of infections caused by this bacterium, and antibiotics are not capable of destroying the biofilm. Thus, it is necessary to use new strategies to prevent recurrent and chronic infections by inhibiting biofilm formation.
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3.
Nanomechanical Hallmarks of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Pediatric Patients.
Deptuła, P, Suprewicz, Ł, Daniluk, T, Namiot, A, Chmielewska, SJ, Daniluk, U, Lebensztejn, D, Bucki, R
International journal of molecular sciences. 2021;(11)
Abstract
BACKGROUND the molecular mechanism of gastric cancer development related to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has not been fully understood, and further studies are still needed. Information regarding nanomechanical aspects of pathophysiological events that occur during H. pylori infection can be crucial in the development of new prevention, treatment, and diagnostic measures against clinical consequences associated with H. pylori infection, including gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and gastric cancer. METHODS in this study, we assessed mechanical properties of children's healthy and H. pylori positive stomach tissues and the mechanical response of human gastric cells exposed to heat-treated H. pylori cells using atomic force microscopy (AFM NanoWizard 4 BioScience JPK Instruments Bruker). Elastic modulus (i.e., the Young's modulus) was derived from the Hertz-Sneddon model applied to force-indentation curves. Human tissue samples were evaluated using rapid urease tests to identify H. pylori positive samples, and the presence of H. pylori cells in those samples was confirmed using immunohistopathological staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION collected data suggest that nanomechanical properties of infected tissue might be considered as markers indicated H. pylori presence since infected tissues are softer than uninfected ones. At the cellular level, this mechanical response is at least partially mediated by cell cytoskeleton remodeling indicating that gastric cells are able to tune their mechanical properties when subjected to the presence of H. pylori products. Persistent fluctuations of tissue mechanical properties in response to H. pylori infection might, in the long-term, promote induction of cancer development.
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4.
Sociodemographic, Lifestyle and Medical Factors Associated with Helicobacter Pylori Infection.
Razuka-Ebela, D, Polaka, I, Parshutin, S, Santare, D, Ebela, I, Murillo, R, Herrero, R, Tzivian, L, Young Park, J, Leja, M
Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD. 2020;(3):319-327
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is higher in developing countries and is often linked to lower socioeconomic status. Few studies have investigated the association between H. pylori and individual level characteristics in Europe, where several countries have a high prevalence of H. pylori infection. The study aimed to identify risk factors for H. pylori infection among adults in a large clinical trial in Latvia. METHODS 1,855 participants (40-64 years) of the "Multicenter randomized study of H. pylori eradication and pepsinogen testing for prevention of gastric cancer mortality" (GISTAR study) in Latvia tested for H. pylori IgG antibodies were included in a cross-sectional analysis. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and medical factors were compared for participants seropositive (H. pylori+) and seronegative. Mutually adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated for H. pylori+ and factors significant in univariate analysis (education, smoking, binge drinking, several dietary habits, history of H. pylori eradication and disease), adjusting for age, gender and income. RESULTS Of the participants 1,044 (55.4%) were H. pylori seropositive. The infection was associated with current (OR: 1.34, 95%CI: 1.01-1.78) and former (OR: 1.38; 95%CI: 1.03-1.85) smoking, binge drinking (OR: 1.35; 95%CI: 1.03-1.78), having ≥200g dairy daily (OR: 1.37; 95%CI: 1.11-1.69), and very hot food/drinks (OR: 1.32; 95%CI: 1.03-1.69) and inversely with ≥400g vegetables/fruit daily (OR: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.60-0.96), history of H. pylori eradication (OR: 0.57; 95%CI: 0.39-0.84), peptic ulcer (OR: 0.55; 95%CI: 0.38-0.80) and cardiovascular disease (OR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.61-0.99). CONCLUSIONS After mutual adjustment, H. pylori seropositivity was associated with lifestyle and in particular dietary factors rather than socioeconomic indicators in contrast to the majority of other studies.
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5.
Effect of probiotics during vonoprazan-containing triple therapy on gut microbiota in Helicobacter pylori infection: A randomized controlled trial.
Kakiuchi, T, Mizoe, A, Yamamoto, K, Imamura, I, Hashiguchi, K, Kawakubo, H, Yamaguchi, D, Fujioka, Y, Nakayama, A, Okuda, M, et al
Helicobacter. 2020;(3):e12690
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are beneficial to patients with Helicobacter pylori infections by modulating the gut microbiota. Biofermin-R (BFR) is a multiple antibiotic-resistant lactic acid bacteria preparation of Enterococcus faecium 129 BIO 3B-R and is effective in normalizing the gut microbiota when used in combination with antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the effect of BFR in combination with vonoprazan (VPZ)-based therapy on gut microbiota. METHODS Patients with positive urinary anti-H pylori antibody test (primary test) and fecal H pylori antigen test (secondary test) were examined. Patients in group 1 (BFR- ) received VPZ (20 mg twice daily), amoxicillin (750 mg twice daily), and clarithromycin (400 mg twice daily) for 7 days. Patients in group 2 (BFR+ ) received BFR (3 tablets/day) for 7 days, in addition to the aforementioned treatments. Following treatment, the relative abundance, α-diversity, and β-diversity of gut microbiota were assessed. RESULTS Supplementation with BFR prevented the decrease in a-diversity after eradication therapy (Day 7). β-diversity was similar between groups. The incidence rate of diarrhea was non-significantly higher in the BFR- than in the BFR+ group (73.1% vs 56.5%; P = .361). Stool consistency was comparable in the BFR+ group on Days 7 and 1 (3.86 ± 0.95 vs 3.86 ± 1.46; P = .415). CONCLUSION Biofermin-R combined with VPZ-based therapy resulted in higher microbial α-strain diversity and suppressed stool softening during H pylori eradication therapy.
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6.
Review: Helicobacter pylori infection in children.
Seo, JH, Bortolin, K, Jones, NL
Helicobacter. 2020;:e12742
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adolescents differs in comparison to adults with respect to epidemiology, host responses, and disease manifestations. Furthermore, treatment options are limited in this population and antibiotic resistance rates continue to increase. Therefore, ongoing research is vital to understand disease pathogenesis and provide optimal management of children with infection. This review summarizes relevant publications from April 2019 to March 2020. Similar to adults, recent studies show a decreasing prevalence of infection in the pediatric population. Studies of pathogenesis investigated serum immune responses and the potential inverse association of infection and allergy. Several studies investigated the effect of H pylori and related inflammation on the gut microbiome. The recommendation of endoscopy-based testing to identify the cause of symptoms and not just H pylori, reserving noninvasive UBT or stool antigen tests for post-eradication follow-up, was supported by the current literature.
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7.
Identifying the best regimen for primary eradication of Helicobacter pylori: analysis of 240 cases.
Chen, Y, Liu, Q, Hu, F, Ma, J
MicrobiologyOpen. 2020;(11):e1120
Abstract
The treatment regimen for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori may be best when therapy is susceptibility guided. However, it is unrealistic to use a strategy based on susceptibility testing to prioritize therapy for every patient in China. Empirical therapy of H. pylori is still widely used. The study was designed to discuss the best first-line treatment regimen depending on empirical therapy. The focal point of the study was the optimal length of the therapy. Also, the selection of antibiotics was discussed in the article. This was a prospective, randomized, non-inferiority trial. H. pylori-infected patients who have no previous eradication therapy were randomly assigned to the following: 20 mg of rabeprazole, 1000 mg of amoxicillin, 500 mg of clarithromycin, and 220 mg of bismuth potassium citrate (BACPPI), administered twice a day for 10 or 14 days. The efficacy, side effects, and remission rate of clinical symptoms were determined. A total of 240 subjects were included in the study. The eradication rate with 14 and 10 days was essentially identical in both intention-to-treat (90.83% [95% CI, 86%-96%] vs. 87.50% [95% CI, 82%-93%]) and per-protocol (94.78% [95% CI, 91%-99%] vs. 92.11% [95% CI, 87%-97%]) analyses. Loss of appetite and belching symptoms were significantly better in the BACPPI-10 group than those in the control group after treatment. Side effects were generally mild and similar between groups. Our results showed that a 10-day amoxicillin-clarithromycin-containing bismuth quadruple therapy may be recommended for the primary empirical treatment of H. pylori infection in Beijing, China.
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8.
Efficacy of Vonoprazan for Helicobacter pylori Eradication.
Kiyotoki, S, Nishikawa, J, Sakaida, I
Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan). 2020;(2):153-161
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori can infect the gastric mucosa and cause chronic inflammation, resulting in various diseases, including gastric cancer. Eradication of H. pylori in all infected subjects is recommended; however, the number of H. pylori strains with antibiotic resistance has increased, and the eradication rate has decreased. Vonoprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker, produces a stronger acid-inhibitory effect than proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The H. pylori eradication rate with vonoprazan was found to be higher than that with PPIs. The H. pylori eradication rate with vonoprazan-based triple therapy (vonoprazan, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin) was approximately 90% and had an incidence of adverse events similar to that of PPIs. We review the current situation of H. pylori eradication in Japan, the first country in which vonoprazan was made available.
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9.
ATP Analogues for Structural Investigations: Case Studies of a DnaB Helicase and an ABC Transporter.
Lacabanne, D, Wiegand, T, Wili, N, Kozlova, MI, Cadalbert, R, Klose, D, Mulkidjanian, AY, Meier, BH, Böckmann, A
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2020;(22)
Abstract
Nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) are used as chemical energy source in a variety of cell systems. Structural snapshots along the NTP hydrolysis reaction coordinate are typically obtained by adding stable, nonhydrolyzable adenosine triphosphate (ATP) -analogues to the proteins, with the goal to arrest a state that mimics as closely as possible a physiologically relevant state, e.g., the pre-hydrolytic, transition and post-hydrolytic states. We here present the lessons learned on two distinct ATPases on the best use and unexpected pitfalls observed for different analogues. The proteins investigated are the bacterial DnaB helicase from Helicobacter pylori and the multidrug ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter BmrA from Bacillus subtilis, both belonging to the same division of P-loop fold NTPases. We review the magnetic-resonance strategies which can be of use to probe the binding of the ATP-mimics, and present carbon-13, phosphorus-31, and vanadium-51 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the proteins or the bound molecules to unravel conformational and dynamic changes upon binding of the ATP-mimics. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and in particular W-band electron-electron double resonance (ELDOR)-detected NMR, is of complementary use to assess binding of vanadate. We discuss which analogues best mimic the different hydrolysis states for the DnaB helicase and the ABC transporter BmrA. These might be relevant also to structural and functional studies of other NTPases.
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10.
The updated JSPGHAN guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood.
Kato, S, Shimizu, T, Toyoda, S, Gold, BD, Ida, S, Ishige, T, Fujimura, S, Kamiya, S, Konno, M, Kuwabara, K, et al
Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society. 2020;(12):1315-1331
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Free full text
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Abstract
The Japan Pediatric Helicobacter pylori Study Group published the first guidelines on childhood H. pylori infection in 1997. They were later revised by the Japanese Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (JSPGHAN). The H. pylori eradication rates, when employing triple therapy with amoxicillin and clarithromycin, currently recommended as the first-line therapy of H. pylori infection in Japan, have substantially decreased, creating an important clinical problem worldwide. In Japanese adults, the "test-and-treat" strategy for H. pylori infection is under consideration as an approach for gastric cancer prevention. However, the combined North American and European pediatric guidelines have rejected such a strategy for asymptomatic children. As risk for gastric cancer development is high in Japan, determining whether the "test-and-treat" strategy can be recommended in children has become an urgent matter. Accordingly, the JSPGHAN has produced a second revision of the H. pylori guidelines, which includes discussion about the issues mentioned above. They consist of 19 clinical questions and 34 statements. An H. pylori culture from gastric biopsies is recommended, not only as a diagnostic test for active infection but for antimicrobial susceptibility testing to optimize eradication therapy. Based upon antimicrobial susceptibility testing of H. pylori strains (especially involving clarithromycin), an eradication regimen including use of the antibiotics to which H. pylori is susceptible is recommended as the first-line therapy against H. pylori-associated diseases. The guidelines recommend against a "test-and-treat" strategy for H. pylori infection for asymptomatic children to protect against the development of gastric cancer because there has been no evidence supporting this strategy.