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1.
Superoxide Dismutase, BDNF, and Cognitive Improvement in Drug-Naive First-Episode Patients With Schizophrenia: A 12-Week Longitudinal Study.
Wu, Z, Liu, Q, Zhang, Y, Guan, X, Xiu, M, Zhang, X
The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology. 2022;(2):128-135
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive improvement after antipsychotic agents in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) appears to involve redox regulation through neurotrophins such as brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). This study examined whether cognitive improvement was associated with the increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and whether higher levels of BDNF could have a permissive role in allowing SOD to improve cognition. METHODS We examined this hypothesis in 183 drug-naïve first-episode SCZ patients taking risperidone monotherapy for 12 weeks. We measured total copper-zinc SOD (CuZn-SOD), manganese SOD (Mn-SOD), and SOD activities and BDNF levels in these patients and compared their levels with 152 healthy controls. We assessed cognitive functioning and clinical symptoms at baseline and 12-week follow-up. RESULTS After treatment with risperidone, CuZn-SOD activity was significantly increased, and BDNF levels were slightly increased. Increased CuZn-SOD activity was associated with the cognitive effectiveness of risperidone monotherapy. The BDNF levels and SOD activities were correlated at baseline but not after 12-week treatment. Furthermore, baseline CuZn-SOD activity positively correlated with improvement on the delayed memory subscale of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status only in the high BDNF subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Our longitudinal study suggests that risperidone can enhance SOD activity and that, in combination with higher baseline BDNF levels acting in a permissive role, can improve cognitive impairments in SCZ. Greater baseline CuZn-SOD activity also may have predictive value for cognitive improvement of delayed memory in SCZ patients receiving risperidone treatment.
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2.
Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Is Associated With Left Ventricular Geometry and Heart Failure in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.
Li, X, Lin, Y, Wang, S, Zhou, S, Ju, J, Wang, X, Chen, Y, Xia, M
Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020;(15):e016862
Abstract
Background Extracellular superoxide dismutase (Ec-SOD) is a major scavenger of reactive oxygen species. However, its relationships with abnormal left ventricular (LV) geometry patterns and heart failure (HF) are still unknown in patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results A cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the association of serum Ec-SOD activity with LV geometry, as well as HF in 1047 patients with cardiovascular disease. All participants underwent standard echocardiography examination and measurement of serum Ec-SOD activity. Overall, we found a significantly decreased trend of serum Ec-SOD activity from subjects with normal geometry (147.96±15.94 U/mL), subjects with abnormal LV geometry without HF (140.19±20.12 U/mL), and subjects with abnormal LV geometry and overt HF (129.32±17.92 U/mL) after adjustment for potential confounders (P for trend <0.001). The downward trends remained significant in the concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy groups after stratification by different LV geometry patterns. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that each 10 U/mL increase in serum Ec-SOD activity was associated with a 16.5% decrease in the odds of concentric remodeling without HF (odds ratio [OR], 0.835; 95% CI, 0.736-0.948), a 40.4% decrease in the odds of concentric hypertrophy with HF (OR, 0.596; 95% CI, 0.486-0.730), a 16.1% decrease in the odds of eccentric hypertrophy without HF (OR, 0.839; 95% CI, 0.729-0.965) and a 34.0% decrease in the odds of eccentric hypertrophy with HF (OR, 0.660; 95% CI, 0.565-0.772). Conclusions Serum Ec-SOD activity was independently associated with abnormal LV geometry patterns with and without overt HF. Our results indicate that Ec-SOD might be a potential link between LV structure remodeling and the development of subsequent HF in patients with cardiovascular disease. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier NCT03351907.
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3.
Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Superoxide Dismutase, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, and Carnitine for 12 Months in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy.
Didangelos, T, Karlafti, E, Kotzakioulafi, E, Kontoninas, Z, Margaritidis, C, Giannoulaki, P, Kantartzis, K
Nutrients. 2020;(11)
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the efficacy of Superoxide Dismutase, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Acetyl L-Carnitine, and Vitamin B12 (B12) in one tablet in Diabetic Neuropathy (DN). PATIENTS-METHODS In this prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 85 patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DMT2) were randomly assigned, either to receive the combination of four elements (active group, n = 43), or placebo (n = 42) for 12 months. We used the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Questionnaire and Examination (MNSIQ and MNSIE), measured the vibration perception threshold (BIO), and Cardiovascular Autonomic Reflex Tests (CARTs). Nerve function was assessed by DPN Check [sural nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) and amplitude (SNAP)]. Pain (PS) and quality of life (QL) questionnaires were administered. RESULTS At follow-up, BIO, MNSIQ, QL, PAIN, and SNCV, SNAP, and B12 levels had significantly improved inactive group (p <0.001, p <0.001, p <0.001, p <0.001, p = 0.027, p = 0.031, and p <0.001 respectively), whereas the inplacebo group MCR (mean circular resultant) and PAIN deteriorated (p <0.001, p <0.001). The changes in MNSIQ, QL, SNCV, BIO, and PAIN differed significantly between groups (p <0.001, p <0.001, p = 0.031, p <0.001, and p <0.001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS The combination of the four elements in one tablet for 12 months in patients with DMT2 improved all indices of peripheral neuropathy, including SNAP and SNCV, pain, and Quality of Life perception, except CARTs and MNSIE.
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4.
Bacterial manganese sensing and homeostasis.
Waters, LS
Current opinion in chemical biology. 2020;:96-102
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Abstract
Manganese (Mn) plays a complex role in the survival of pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria in eukaryotic hosts and is also important for free-living bacteria to thrive in stressful environments. This review summarizes new aspects of regulatory strategies to control intracellular Mn levels and gives an overview of several newly identified families of bacterial Mn transporters. Recent illustrative examples of advances in quantification of intracellular Mn pools and characterization of the effects of Mn perturbations are highlighted. These discoveries help define mechanisms of Mn selectivity and toxicity and could enable new strategies to combat pathogenic bacteria and promote growth of desirable bacteria.
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β-1,3-glucanase rOle e 9 and MnSOD rAsp f 6 IgE reactivity are the signature of atopic dermatitis in the Mediterranean area.
Scala, E, Abeni, D, Guerra, EC, Pirrotta, L, Locanto, M, Meneguzzi, G, Giani, M, Russo, G, Asero, R
Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2020;(4):487-498
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) represents a chronic skin disorder seriously affecting patients' QoL and is often associated with immunological imbalance, disorders of the skin barrier function and environmental factors. OBJECTIVE We extensively studied the proteomic IgE sensitization profile in a large AD Mediterranean cohort. METHODS A total of 588 individuals with moderate-severe (70.6%) or mild and/or history of (29.4%) AD were evaluated in comparison to 1285 unselected atopic controls (AC) with a history of adverse reactions to foods, allergic rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma by means of ImmunoCAP ISAC112 ® and Allergy Explorer-ALEX® microarray analysis. RESULTS The olive tree pollen β-1,3-glucanase rOle e 9 and the manganese superoxide dismutase from Aspergillus rAsp f 6 were the molecules most significantly associated with AD occurrence and allowed to discriminate among the moderate and severe forms of disease. An IgE hyper-reactivity to cypress, grasses, olive tree, house dust mites (including rDer p 11), and to all cross-reactive components except profilin and polcalcin was observed. About 60% of adults with severe AD were sensitized to nsLTPs. Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) IgE was found in about one-third of AD participants. Hen eggs nGal d 1 IgE sensitization was more prevalent in the paediatric population, whilst rAsp f 6 and rOle e 9 reactivity was found particularly in older patients. Despite the status of widespread IgE sensitization to both environmental and food allergens, a reduced frequency of patient-reported severe reactions to food or of asthma was observed in AD patients compared to AC, particularly in case of concomitant Ole e 9 reactivity. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Testing IgE reactivity to a large panel of molecular components unveils important associations between IgE reactivity profiles and AD clinical presentation, highlights the allergens useful for a precise AD signature and allows the detection of interesting sensitisations patterns.
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Effects of TAT-SOD at Acupoints on Essential Hypertension by Monitoring Meridians Electrical Potential.
Guo, JK, Xu, JS, Chen, TB, Xu, MM, Liu, ST, Zhang, CX, Ke, LJ, Zhou, JW, Wang, Q, Rao, PF
Chinese journal of integrative medicine. 2020;(9):694-700
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect on essential hypertension of the topical application of TAT-Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (TAT-SOD) at left acupoint Zusanli (ST 36), and to observe whether the change of electrical potential difference (EPD) can be related to the change of blood pressure. METHODS Sixteen patients with essential hypertension and 16 healthy subjects were included in the study. EPD between the left acupoints of Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Qiuxu (GB 40) was firstly screened out for the EPD detection. An intracellular superoxide quenching enzyme, TAT-SOD, was topically applied to the acupoint ST 36 within an area of 1 cm2 once a day, and the influence on EPD was investigated. The dosage applied to TAT-SOD group (n=8) was 0.2 mL of 3000 U/mL TAT-SOD cream prepared by adding purified TAT-SOD to a vehicle cream, while placebo group (n=8) used the vehicle cream instead. The left acupoints of Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Qiuxu (GB 40) were selected for EPD measurement after comparing EPD readings between 5 acupoints on each of all 12 meridians. RESULTS EPDs between the left acupoints of GB 34 and GB 40 for 16 patients of essential hypertension and 16 healthy subjects were 44.9±6.4 and 5.6±0.9 mV, respectively. Daily application of TAT-SOD for 15 days at ST 36 of essential hypertension patients significantly decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 179.6 and 81.5 mm Hg to 153.1 and 74.1 mm Hg, respectively. Responding to the change in blood pressure, EPD between the left acupoints of GB 34 and GB 40 also declined from 44.4 to 22.8 mV with the same trend. No change was observed with SBP, DBP and EPD between the left acupoints of GB 34 and GB 40 with the daily application of the placebo cream. CONCLUSION Enzymatic scavenging of the intracellular superoxide at ST 36 proved to be effective in decreasing SBP and DBP. The results reconfirm the involvement of superoxide anions and its transportation along the meridians, and demonstrate that EPD between acupoints may be an indicator to reflect its functioning status. Moreover, preliminary results suggest a close correlation between EPD and blood pressure readings, implying a possibility of using EPD as a sensitive parameter for blood pressure and to monitor the effect of antihypertensive treatment.
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Increased vascular function and superoxide dismutase activity in physically active vs inactive adults living with HIV.
Lopes, GO, Farinatti, P, Lopes, KG, Medeiros-Lima, DJ, Matsuura, C, Oliveira, RB, Bouskela, E, Bottino, DA, Muccillo, F, Tibirica, E, et al
Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2019;(1):25-33
Abstract
This study compared macro- and microvascular endothelial function and redox status in active vs inactive HIV-infected patients (HIVP) under antiretroviral therapy. Using a cross-sectional design, macro- and microvascular reactivity, systemic microvascular density, and oxidative stress were compared between 19 HIVP (53.1 ± 6.1 year) enrolled in a multimodal training program (aerobic, strength and flexibility exercises) for at least 12 months (60-minutes sessions performed 3 times/wk with moderate intensity) vs 25 sedentary HIVP (51.2 ± 6.3 year). Forearm blood flow during reactive hyperemia (521.7 ± 241.9 vs 361.4% ± 125.0%; P = 0.04) and systemic microvascular density (120.8 ± 21.1 vs 105.6 ± 25.0 capillaries/mm2 ; P = 0.03) was greater in active than inactive patients. No significant difference between groups was detected for endothelium-dependent and independent skin microvascular vasodilation (P > 0.05). As for redox status, carbonyl groups (P = 0.22), lipid peroxidation (P = 0.86), catalase activity (P = 0.99), and nitric oxide levels (P = 0.72) were similar across groups. However, superoxide dismutase activity was greater in active vs inactive HIVP (0.118 ± 0.013 vs 0.111 ± 0.007 U/mL; P = 0.05). Immune function reflected by total T CD4 and T CD8 counts (cell/mm3 ) did not differ between active and inactive groups (P > 0.82). In conclusion, physically active HIVP exhibited similar immune function, but greater macrovascular reactivity, systemic microvascular density, and superoxide dismutase activity than inactive patients of similar age.
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Reduced peripheral blood superoxide dismutase 2 expression in sickle cell disease.
Armenis, I, Kalotychou, V, Tzanetea, R, Moyssakis, I, Anastasopoulou, D, Pantos, C, Konstantopoulos, K, Rombos, I
Annals of hematology. 2019;(7):1561-1572
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD), a hereditary form of chronic hemolytic anemia, is characterized by acute vascular occlusion and chronic complications as pulmonary hypertension (PH), a hallmark of higher mortality. This study aimed to determine peripheral blood expression of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), a major mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme in SCD patients on the mRNA level and compared it with SOD2 expression in healthy individuals. It also aimed to detect possible differences in SOD2 expression among patients with/without specific SCD complications and to detect possible correlations with patient laboratory parameters. SOD2 mRNA levels were significantly lower in SCD patients in comparison with controls and correlated with red blood cell count, reticulocyte count, platelet count, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and brain natriuretic peptide values. SCD patients with echocardiographic indications of PH featured significantly reduced SOD2 expression in comparison with patients without such indications. Consequently, SOD2 expression emerges as a potential biomarker of PH in SCD being a link among hemolysis, inflammation, iron overload, oxidative stress, and SCD cardiopathy.
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9.
Biomimetic Superoxide Disproportionation Catalyst for Anti-Aging Lithium-Oxygen Batteries.
Hwang, C, Yoo, J, Jung, GY, Joo, SH, Kim, J, Cha, A, Han, JG, Choi, NS, Kang, SJ, Lee, SY, et al
ACS nano. 2019;(8):9190-9197
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species or superoxide (O2-), which damages or ages biological cells, is generated during metabolic pathways using oxygen as an electron acceptor in biological systems. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects cells from superoxide-triggered apoptosis by converting superoxide to oxygen and peroxide. Lithium-oxygen battery (LOB) cells have the same aging problems caused by superoxide-triggered side reactions. We transplanted the function of SOD of biological systems into LOB cells. Malonic acid-decorated fullerene (MA-C60) was used as a superoxide disproportionation chemocatalyst mimicking the function of SOD. As expected, MA-C60 as the superoxide scavenger improved capacity retention along charge/discharge cycles successfully. A LOB cell that failed to provide a meaningful capacity just after several cycles at high current (0.5 mA cm-2) with 0.5 mAh cm-2 cutoff survived up to 50 cycles after MA-C60 was introduced to the electrolyte. Moreover, the SOD-mimetic catalyst increased capacity, e.g., more than a 6-fold increase at 0.2 mA cm-2. The experimentally observed toroidal morphology of the final discharge product of oxygen reduction (Li2O2) and density functional theory calculation confirmed that the solution mechanism of Li2O2 formation, more beneficial than the surface mechanism from the capacity-gain standpoint, was preferred in the presence of MA-C60.
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10.
Oxidative stress associated with altered activity of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes with IDA during pregnancy.
Khalid, S, Shaikh, F, Imran-Ul-Haq, HS
Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2019;(1):75-79
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy, although associated with disturbances of hematological parameters, is now also considered as a source of oxidative stress (OS). Present study aims to detect any alteration in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymes activity in pregnant women with IDA. Levels of GSH-Px and SOD were measured in 156 anemic, pregnant women and compared with similar levels in 20 non anemic, pregnant women. Activity of SOD was found to be reduced in the anemic group when compared with the control group. We found a non- significant increase in GSH-Px activities in the anemic group. These findings could be explained in terms of OS under hypoxic condition which preserves the activity of GSH-Px with a decrease activity of SOD. A positive association was seen between IDA during pregnancy and OS with results suggesting that, apart from the deficiency of iron, some other factors are also associated for the increased OS seen during pregnancy.