-
1.
Inter-Individual Variability in Insulin Response after Grape Pomace Supplementation in Subjects at High Cardiometabolic Risk: Role of Microbiota and miRNA.
Ramos-Romero, S, Léniz, A, Martínez-Maqueda, D, Amézqueta, S, Fernández-Quintela, A, Hereu, M, Torres, JL, Portillo, MP, Pérez-Jiménez, J
Molecular nutrition & food research. 2021;(2):e2000113
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary polyphenols have shown promising effects in mechanistic and preclinical studies on the regulation of cardiometabolic alterations. Nevertheless, clinical trials have provided contradictory results, with high inter-individual variability. This study explores the role of gut microbiota and microRNAs (miRNAs) as factors contributing to the inter-individual variability in polyphenol response. METHODS AND RESULTS 49 subjects with at least two factors of metabolic syndrome are divided between responders (n = 23) or non-responders (n = 26), depending on the variation rate in fasting insulin after grape pomace supplementation (6 weeks). The populations of selected fecal bacteria are estimated from fecal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), while the microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are measured in fecal samples by gas chromatography. MicroRNAs are analyzed on a representative sample, followed by targeted miRNA analysis. Responder subjects show significantly lower (p < 0.05) Prevotella and Firmicutes levels, and increased (p < 0.05) miR-222 levels. CONCLUSION After evaluating the selected substrates for Prevotella and target genes of miR-222, these variations suggest that responders are those subjects exhibiting impaired glycaemic control. This study shows that fecal microbiota and miRNA expression may be related to inter-individual variability in clinical trials with polyphenols.
-
2.
The effect of grape products containing polyphenols on C-reactive protein levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Sarkhosh-Khorasani, S, Hosseinzadeh, M
The British journal of nutrition. 2021;(11):1230-1245
Abstract
Although grape polyphenols can decrease chronic inflammations, their effect on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels is still controversial. So, this meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of grape products containing polyphenols on CRP concentrations. In order to collect the relevant randomised controlled trials (RCT), the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched up to 30 March 2020. The random effects model, standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95 % CI were applied in data analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted over seventeen eligible RCT containing a total of 668 participants. The study registration number is CRD42018110169. Based on the results, grape products containing polyphenols decreased CRP levels significantly (SMD = −0·229; 95 % CI −0·41, −0·05; P = 0·013). Sensitivity analysis was performed by removing each individual study and the results did not change. According to the subgroup analysis, higher doses of grape polyphenols (>500 mg/d) and longer intervention periods (≥12 weeks) had significant effects on CRP levels. Furthermore, grape polyphenols significantly reduced the CRP levels in patients with a clinical condition. In the same vein, grape seed extract and other grape products, such as grape extract, juice and raisins, decreased CRP levels significantly. According to the meta-regression results, the CRP level depends on the dose and duration of the grape polyphenol supplementation. Based on the findings, grape products containing polyphenols had a significant effect on CRP levels. Further well-designed and long-term clinical trials are highly recommended to achieve more comprehensive and accurate results.
-
3.
Effect of Standardized Grape Powder Consumption on the Gut Microbiome of Healthy Subjects: A Pilot Study.
Yang, J, Kurnia, P, Henning, SM, Lee, R, Huang, J, Garcia, MC, Surampudi, V, Heber, D, Li, Z
Nutrients. 2021;(11)
Abstract
Grapes provide a rich source of polyphenols and fibers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the daily consumption of 46 g of whole grape powder, providing the equivalent of two servings of California table grapes, on the gut microbiome and cholesterol/bile acid metabolism in healthy adults. This study included a 4-week standardization to a low-polyphenol diet, followed by 4 weeks of 46 g of grape powder consumption while continuing the low-polyphenol diet. Compared to the baseline, 4 weeks of grape powder consumption significantly increased the alpha diversity index of the gut microbiome. There was a trend of increasing Verrucomicrobia (p = 0.052) at the phylum level, and a significant increase in Akkermansia was noted. In addition, there was an increase in Flavonifractor and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010, but a decrease in Bifidobacterium and Dialister at the genus level. Grape powder consumption significantly decreased the total cholesterol by 6.1% and HDL cholesterol by 7.6%. There was also a trend of decreasing LDL cholesterol by 5.9%, and decreasing total bile acid by 40.9%. Blood triglyceride levels and body composition were not changed by grape powder consumption. In conclusion, grape powder consumption significantly modified the gut microbiome and cholesterol/bile acid metabolism.
-
4.
Quantitative Data-Independent Acquisition Glycoproteomics of Sparkling Wine.
Pegg, CL, Phung, TK, Caboche, CH, Niamsuphap, S, Bern, M, Howell, K, Schulz, BL
Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP. 2021;:100020
Abstract
Sparkling wine is an alcoholic beverage enjoyed around the world. The sensory properties of sparkling wine depend on a complex interplay between the chemical and biochemical components in the final product. Glycoproteins have been linked to positive and negative qualities in sparkling wine, but the glycosylation profiles of sparkling wine have not been previously investigated in detail. We analyzed the glycoproteome of sparkling wines using protein- and glycopeptide-centric approaches. We developed an automated workflow that created ion libraries to analyze sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry data based on glycopeptides identified by Byonic (Protein Metrics; version 2.13.17). We applied our workflow to three pairs of experimental sparkling wines to assess the effects of aging on lees and of different yeast strains used in the liqueur de tirage for secondary fermentation. We found that aging a cuvée on lees for 24 months compared with 8 months led to a dramatic decrease in overall protein abundance and an enrichment in large glycans at specific sites in some proteins. Secondary fermentation of a Riesling wine with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain Siha4 produced more yeast proteins and glycoproteins than with S. cerevisiae yeast strain DV10. The abundance and glycosylation profiles of grape glycoproteins were also different between grape varieties. To our knowledge, this work represents the first in-depth study into protein- and peptide-specific glycosylation in sparkling wines and describes a quantitative glycoproteomic sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra/data-independent acquisition workflow that is broadly applicable to other sample types.
-
5.
Adjustment of K+ Fluxes and Grapevine Defense in the Face of Climate Change.
Monder, H, Maillard, M, Chérel, I, Zimmermann, SD, Paris, N, Cuéllar, T, Gaillard, I
International journal of molecular sciences. 2021;(19)
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the most economically important fruit crops due to the high value of its fruit and its importance in winemaking. The current decrease in grape berry quality and production can be seen as the consequence of various abiotic constraints imposed by climate changes. Specifically, produced wines have become too sweet, with a stronger impression of alcohol and fewer aromatic qualities. Potassium is known to play a major role in grapevine growth, as well as grape composition and wine quality. Importantly, potassium ions (K+) are involved in the initiation and maintenance of the berry loading process during ripening. Moreover, K+ has also been implicated in various defense mechanisms against abiotic stress. The first part of this review discusses the main negative consequences of the current climate, how they disturb the quality of grape berries at harvest and thus ultimately compromise the potential to obtain a great wine. In the second part, the essential electrical and osmotic functions of K+, which are intimately dependent on K+ transport systems, membrane energization, and cell K+ homeostasis, are presented. This knowledge will help to select crops that are better adapted to adverse environmental conditions.
-
6.
Complete Sequence, Genome Organization and Molecular Detection of Grapevine Line Pattern Virus, a New Putative Anulavirus Infecting Grapevine.
Elbeaino, T, Kontra, L, Demian, E, Jaksa-Czotter, N, Slimen, AB, Fabian, R, Lazar, J, Tamisier, L, Digiaro, M, Massart, S, et al
Viruses. 2020;(6)
Abstract
: Grapevine line pattern virus (GLPV) was first described 30 years ago in Hungary. The lack of its genomic sequences and of an available antiserum made its detection impossible in other parts of the world. Three different high-throughput sequencing (HTS) protocols applied on a GLPV-infected vine allowed the construction of the full genome sequence of this virus. It includes three RNA segments, encoding four proteins: methyltransferase-helicase (1a), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (2a), movement protein (3a) and coat protein (3b). The obtained sequences were used to design specific primers for its detection by RT-PCR and Northern blot hybridization, respectively. These diagnostic methods were used to test the presence of GLPV in graft-inoculated plants and in 220 grapevine accessions of different Mediterranean origins. The three RNAs-encoding proteins of GLPV shared a very high amino acid identity with those of hop yellow virus, a tentative member of the Anulavirus genus, leaving no doubt that both are two isolates of the same viral species. A circular RNA originating from the RNA2 was found, for which an alternative silencing suppressor role is hypothesized. Further investigation is needed to determine this possibility and also the host range and pathological significance of the virus.
-
7.
Persistence and reservoirs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae biodiversity in different vineyard niches.
González, ML, Sturm, ME, Lerena, MC, Rojo, MC, Chimeno, SV, Combina, M, Mercado, LA
Food microbiology. 2020;:103328
-
8.
Grapevine as a Rich Source of Polyphenolic Compounds.
Šikuten, I, Štambuk, P, Andabaka, Ž, Tomaz, I, Marković, Z, Stupić, D, Maletić, E, Kontić, JK, Preiner, D
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2020;(23)
Abstract
Grapes are rich in primary and secondary metabolites. Among the secondary metabolites, polyphenolic compounds are the most abundant in grape berries. Besides their important impacts on grape and wine quality, this class of compounds has beneficial effects on human health. Due to their antioxidant activity, polyphenols and phenolic acids can act as anti-inflammatory and anticancerogenic agents, and can modulate the immune system. In grape berries, polyphenols and phenolic acids can be located in the pericarp and seeds, but distribution differs considerably among these tissues. Although some classes of polyphenols and phenolic acids are under strict genetic control, the final content is highly influenced by environmental factors, such as climate, soil, vineyard, and management. This review aims to present the main classes of polyphenolic compounds and phenolic acids in different berry tissues and grape varieties and special emphasis on their beneficial effect on human health.
-
9.
Bioactive Compounds and Metabolites from Grapes and Red Wine in Breast Cancer Chemoprevention and Therapy.
Ferraz da Costa, DC, Pereira Rangel, L, Quarti, J, Santos, RA, Silva, JL, Fialho, E
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2020;(15)
Abstract
Phytochemicals and their metabolites are not considered essential nutrients in humans, although an increasing number of well-conducted studies are linking their higher intake with a lower incidence of non-communicable diseases, including cancer. This review summarizes the current findings concerning the molecular mechanisms of bioactive compounds from grapes and red wine and their metabolites on breast cancer-the most commonly occurring cancer in women-chemoprevention and treatment. Flavonoid compounds like flavonols, monomeric catechins, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, anthocyanidins and non-flavonoid phenolic compounds, such as resveratrol, as well as their metabolites, are discussed with respect to structure and metabolism/bioavailability. In addition, a broad discussion regarding in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials about the chemoprevention and therapy using these molecules is presented.
-
10.
Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays for the varietal authentication of 'Nebbiolo' musts and wines.
Boccacci, P, Chitarra, W, Schneider, A, Rolle, L, Gambino, G
Food chemistry. 2020;:126100
Abstract
'Nebbiolo' (Vitis vinifera L.) is renowned for its use in producing monovarietal high-quality red wines, such Barolo and Barbaresco. The fight against fraud to safeguard high-quality productions requires an effective varietal identification system applicable in musts and wines. 'Nebbiolo'-specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified starting from available databases and 260 genotypes analysed by Vitis18kSNP array. Two SNPs were sufficient to identify 'Nebbiolo' from 1157 genotypes. The SNP TaqMan® genotyping assays developed in this work successfully identified 'Nebbiolo' in all musts and wines collected at different experimental wine-making steps. The high sensitivity of the assays allowed identification of must mixtures at 1% and wine mixtures at 10-20% with non-'Nebbiolo' genotypes. In commercial wines, the amplification efficiency was limited by the low amount of grapevine DNA and the presence of PCR inhibitors. The TaqMan® genotyping assay is a rapid, highly sensitive and specific methodology with remarkable potential for varietal identification in wines.