1.
Platelet extracellular vesicles in COVID-19: Potential markers and makers.
Puhm, F, Flamand, L, Boilard, E
Journal of leukocyte biology. 2022;(1):63-74
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Abstract
Platelets and platelet extracellular vesicles (pEV) are at the crossroads of coagulation and immunity. Extracellular vesicles are messengers that not only transmit signals between cells, but also provide information about the status of their cell of origin. Thus, pEVs have potential as both biomarkers of platelet activation and contributors to pathology. Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a complex disease affecting multiple organs and is characterized by a high degree of inflammation and risk of thrombosis in some patients. In this review, we introduce pEVs as valuable biomarkers in disease with a special focus on their potential as predictors of and contributors to COVID-19.
2.
Prognostic value of cardiac biomarkers in COVID-19 infection.
Sheth, A, Modi, M, Dawson, D, Dominic, P
Scientific reports. 2021;(1):4930
Abstract
Multiple Biomarkers have recently been shown to be elevated in COVID-19, a respiratory infection with multi-organ dysfunction; however, information regarding the prognostic value of cardiac biomarkers as it relates to disease severity and cardiac injury are inconsistent. The goal of this meta-analysis was to summarize the evidence regarding the prognostic relevance of cardiac biomarkers from data available in published reports. PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched from inception through April 2020 for studies comparing median values of cardiac biomarkers in critically ill versus non-critically ill COVID-19 patients, or patients who died versus those who survived. The weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between the groups were calculated for each study and combined using a random effects meta-analysis model. The odds ratio (OR) for mortality based on cardiac injury was combined from studies reporting it. Troponin levels were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients who died or were critically ill versus those who were alive or not critically ill (WMD 0.57, 95% CI 0.43-0.70, p < 0.001). Additionally, BNP levels were also significantly higher in patients who died or were critically ill (WMD 0.45, 95% CI - 0.21-0.69, p < 0.001). Cardiac injury was independently associated with significantly increased odds of mortality (OR 6.641, 95% CI 1.26-35.1, p = 0.03). A significant difference in levels of D-dimer was seen in those who died or were critically ill. CK levels were only significantly higher in those who died versus those who were alive (WMD 0.79, 95% CI 0.25-1.33, p = 0.004). Cardiac biomarkers add prognostic value to the determination of the severity of COVID-19 and can predict mortality.
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[SARS-CoV-2 and neurological disorders: the revelance of biomarkers?].
Bigot-Corbel, E, Lanore, A, Raulet, C, Delorme, C, Azulay, JP, Lehmann, S, Beaudeux, JL, Beauvieux, MC, Sapin, V, Peoc'h, K, et al
Annales de biologie clinique. 2021;(1):7-16
Abstract
Soon after the pandemic, numerous publications described cases of neurological disorders associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The range of neurological symptoms is becoming increasingly more extensive as the pandemic progresses. However, it is not yet well established whether the manifestations are due to direct viral damage to the nervous system or indirect consequences of the infection. This review presents an inventory of the biochemical markers studied in the context of neurological disorders related to SARS-CoV-2. By reflecting various physiopathological mechanisms, these biomarkers allow both a better understanding of the pathophysiology of Covid-19 and a contribution to the diagnosis of neurologic troubles; they could participate in the prognostic evaluation of patients.
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Biomarkers associated with COVID-19 disease progression.
Ponti, G, Maccaferri, M, Ruini, C, Tomasi, A, Ozben, T
Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences. 2020;(6):389-399
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Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a scientific, medical, and social challenge. The complexity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is centered on the unpredictable clinical course of the disease that can rapidly develop, causing severe and deadly complications. The identification of effective laboratory biomarkers able to classify patients based on their risk is imperative in being able to guarantee prompt treatment. The analysis of recently published studies highlights the role of systemic vasculitis and cytokine mediated coagulation disorders as the principal actors of multi organ failure in patients with severe COVID-19 complications. The following biomarkers have been identified: hematological (lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)), inflammatory (C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), procalcitonin (PCT)), immunological (interleukin (IL)-6 and biochemical (D-dimer, troponin, creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), especially those related to coagulation cascades in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). New laboratory biomarkers could be identified through the accurate analysis of multicentric case series; in particular, homocysteine and angiotensin II could play a significant role.