1.
Review of the Mechanism of Nanocarriers and Technological Developments in the Field of Nanoparticles for Applications in Cancer Theragnostics.
Shreyash, N, Sonker, M, Bajpai, S, Tiwary, SK
ACS applied bio materials. 2021;(3):2307-2334
Abstract
Cancer cannot be controlled by the usage of drugs alone, and thus, nanotechnology is an important technique that can provide the drug with an impetus to act more effectively. There is adequate availability of anticancer drugs that are classified as alkylating agents, hormones, or antimetabolites. Nanoparticle (NP) carriers increase the residence time of the drug, thereby enhancing the survival rate of the drug, which otherwise gets washed off owing to the small size of the drug particles by the excretory system. For example, for enhancing the circulation, a coating of nonfouling polymers like PEG and dextran is done. Famous drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) are commonly encapsulated inside the nanocomposite. The various classes of nanoparticles are used to enhance drug delivery by aiding it to fight against the tumor. Targeted therapy aims to attack the cells with features common to the cancer cells while minimizing damage to the normal cell, and these therapies work in one in four ways. Some block the cancer cells from reproducing newer cells, others release toxic substances to kill the cancer cells, some stimulate the immune system to destroy the cancer cells, and some block the growth of more blood vessels around cancer cells, which starve the cells of the nutrients, which is needed for their growth. This review aims to testify the advancements nanotechnology has brought in cancer therapy, and its statements are supported with recent research findings and clinical trial results.
2.
Development and application of metal materials in terms of vascular stents.
Wu, T, Chen, X, Fan, D, Pang, X
Bio-medical materials and engineering. 2015;(4):435-41
Abstract
BACKGROUND With life pace accelerated, poor diet habits developed, psychological burden enhanced and many other factors, the incidence of coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular cerebrovascular diseases has been increased year by year, which are serious threat to human health. OBJECTIVE Provide relational references for the similar researchers after metal stent materials were reviewed and prospected. METHODS This paper reviews the development and application of metal materials in terms of vascular stents, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of 316L stainless steel, nitinol super-elastic alloys, cobalt-based alloys (Co-Cr-Ni-Mo-Mn), magnesium-based alloy, iron-based alloys and tantalum metal stents as well as in clinical practice research and application. RESULTS Recognize the advantages and disadvantages of different metal stent materials as well as in clinical practice research and application. CONCLUSIONS Although metal stents have been widely used in clinical practice, there are still many problems to be solved, especially to improve mechanical properties and biological activity. Strong immune rejection is also a problem. Therefore, it will be a significant direction for future material research to treat surface modification, further improve the biocompatibility, reduce the thrombosis and completely eliminate the rejection and vascular restenosis. In addition, the stent materials should be developed toward controllable degradation and special features in the future.
3.
Review insights into the interactions of amino acids and peptides with inorganic materials using single molecule force spectroscopy.
Das, P, Reches, M
Biopolymers. 2015;(5):480-94
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between proteins and inorganic surfaces is important for the development of new biomaterials and implants as they interface with the immune response by proteins. In addition, the adsorption of proteins to inorganic surfaces leads to the formation of a conditioning layer that facilitates bacterial attachments and biofilm formation. As biofilm provides bacterial resistance to antibiotics, biofilm formation is an undesirable process that could be prevented by resisting protein interactions with the substrate. Moreover, the interaction between proteins and inorganic materials is the basis for the formation of composite materials in nature. Understanding the underlying forces that governs these interactions would lead to the design of new and unique composite materials in vitro. This review focuses on the insights gained using single-molecule force spectroscopy by AFM on these interactions. This tool provides molecular information, at the single molecule level, on the interaction between a molecule on the AFM tip and a substrate.
4.
Material Science in Cervical Total Disc Replacement.
Pham, MH, Mehta, VA, Tuchman, A, Hsieh, PC
BioMed research international. 2015;:719123
Abstract
Current cervical total disc replacement (TDR) designs incorporate a variety of different biomaterials including polyethylene, stainless steel, titanium (Ti), and cobalt-chrome (CoCr). These materials are most important in their utilization as bearing surfaces which allow for articular motion at the disc space. Long-term biological effects of implanted materials include wear debris, host inflammatory immune reactions, and osteolysis resulting in implant failure. We review here the most common materials used in cervical TDR prosthetic devices, examine their bearing surfaces, describe the construction of the seven current cervical TDR devices that are approved for use in the United States, and discuss known adverse biological effects associated with long-term implantation of these materials. It is important to appreciate and understand the variety of biomaterials available in the design and construction of these prosthetics and the considerations which guide their implementation.