0
selected
-
1.
Lactate modulation of immune responses in inflammatory versus tumour microenvironments.
Certo, M, Tsai, CH, Pucino, V, Ho, PC, Mauro, C
Nature reviews. Immunology. 2021;(3):151-161
Abstract
The microenvironment in cancerous tissues is immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic, whereas the microenvironment of tissues affected by chronic inflammatory disease is pro-inflammatory and anti-resolution. Despite these opposing immunological states, the metabolic states in the tissue microenvironments of cancer and inflammatory diseases are similar: both are hypoxic, show elevated levels of lactate and other metabolic by-products and have low levels of nutrients. In this Review, we describe how the bioavailability of lactate differs in the microenvironments of tumours and inflammatory diseases compared with normal tissues, thus contributing to the establishment of specific immunological states in disease. A clear understanding of the metabolic signature of tumours and inflammatory diseases will enable therapeutic intervention aimed at resetting the bioavailability of metabolites and correcting the dysregulated immunological state, triggering beneficial cytotoxic, inflammatory responses in tumours and immunosuppressive responses in chronic inflammation.
-
2.
Lactate in Sarcoma Microenvironment: Much More than just a Waste Product.
Taddei, ML, Pietrovito, L, Leo, A, Chiarugi, P
Cells. 2020;(2)
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous malignant tumors relatively resistant to radio- and chemotherapy. Sarcoma progression is deeply dependent on environmental conditions that sustain both cancer growth and invasive abilities. Sarcoma microenvironment is composed of different stromal cell types and extracellular proteins. In this context, cancer cells may cooperate or compete with stromal cells for metabolic nutrients to sustain their survival and to adapt to environmental changes. The strict interplay between stromal and sarcoma cells deeply affects the extracellular metabolic milieu, thus altering the behavior of both cancer cells and other non-tumor cells, including immune cells. Cancer cells are typically dependent on glucose fermentation for growth and lactate is one of the most heavily increased metabolites in the tumor bulk. Currently, lactate is no longer considered a waste product of the Warburg metabolism, but novel signaling molecules able to regulate the behavior of tumor cells, tumor-stroma interactions and the immune response. In this review, we illustrate the role of lactate in the strong acidity microenvironment of sarcoma. Really, in the biological context of sarcoma, where novel targeted therapies are needed to improve patient outcomes in combination with current therapies or as an alternative treatment, lactate targeting could be a promising approach to future clinical trials.
-
3.
Clinical importance of lactic acid bacteria: a short review.
Kumari, A, Catanzaro, R, Marotta, F
Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis. 2011;(3):177-80
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were used extensively as starter cultures in food fermentation. Some of the health benefits which have been claimed for lactic acid bacteria as probiotics include the following: improvement of the normal microflora, prevention of infectious diseases and food allergies, reduction of serum cholesterol, anticarcinogenic activity, stabilization of the gut mucosal barrier, immune adjuvant properties, alleviation of intestinal bowel disease symptoms and improvement in the digestion of lactose in intolerant hosts. The present study is aimed to brief review the some clinical importance of lactic acid bacteria (www.actabiomedica.it).
-
4.
Medical nutrition therapy: use of sourdough lactic acid bacteria as a cell factory for delivering functional biomolecules and food ingredients in gluten free bread.
Arendt, EK, Moroni, A, Zannini, E
Microbial cell factories. 2011;(Suppl 1):S15
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disease, triggered in genetically susceptible individuals by ingesting gluten from wheat, rye, barley, and other closely related cereal grains. Currently, the estimated prevalence of CD is around 1 % of the population in the western world and medical nutritional therapy (MNT) is the only accepted treatment for celiac disease. To date, the replacement of gluten in bread presents a significant technological challenge for the cereal scientist due to the low baking performance of gluten free products (GF). The increasing demand by the consumer for high quality gluten-free (GF) bread, clean labels and natural products is rising. Sourdough has been used since ancient times for the production of rye and wheat bread, its universal usage can be attributed to the improved quality, nutritional properties and shelf life of sourdough based breads. Consequently, the exploitation of sourdough for the production of GF breads appears tempting. This review will highlight how sourdough LAB can be an efficient cell factory for delivering functional biomolecules and food ingredients to enhance the quality of gluten free bread.
-
5.
Targeting mucosal dendritic cells with microbial antigens from probiotic lactic acid bacteria.
Mohamadzadeh, M, Duong, T, Hoover, T, Klaenhammer, TR
Expert review of vaccines. 2008;(2):163-74
Abstract
The use of vaccines against infectious microbes has been critical to the advancement of medicine. Vaccine strategies combined with, or without, adjuvants have been established to eradicate various bacterial and viral pathogens. A new generation of vaccines is being developed using specific strains of Gram-positive, lactic acid bacteria and, notably, some probiotic lactobacilli. These bacteria have been safely consumed by humans for centuries in fermented foods. Thus, they can be orally administered, are well tolerated by recipients and could be easily and economically provided to large populations. In this overview, we focus on mucosal immunity and how its cellular component(s), particularly dendritic cells, can be specifically targeted to deliver immunogenic subunits, such as the protective antigen from Bacillus anthracis (the causative agent of anthrax). An antigen-specific immune response can be elicited using specific strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus expressing the protective antigen. A mucosal, dendritic cell-targeted approach increases the bioavailability of an immunogen of interest when delivered orally by L. acidophilus. This provides an efficiently elegant natural strategy and serves a dual function as an immune-stimulating adjuvant in vivo.