1.
The Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Vitamin B Status and Mental Health.
Al Mansoori, A, Shakoor, H, Ali, HI, Feehan, J, Al Dhaheri, AS, Cheikh Ismail, L, Bosevski, M, Apostolopoulos, V, Stojanovska, L
Nutrients. 2021;(4)
Abstract
Diet is a modifiable factor that ensures optimal growth, biochemical performance, improved mood and mental functioning. Lack of nutrients, notably vitamin B, has an impact on human health and wellbeing. The United Arab Emirates is facing a serious problem of micronutrient deficiencies because of the growing trend for bariatric surgery, including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. People undergoing bariatric surgery are at high risk of developing neurological, cognitive, and mental disabilities and cardiovascular disease due to deficiency in vitamin B. Vitamin B is involved in neurotransmitter synthesis, including γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline. Deficiency of vitamin B increases the risk of depression, anxiety, dementia and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, vitamin B deficiency can disrupt the methylation of homocysteine, leading to hyperhomocysteinemia. Elevated homocysteine levels are detrimental to human health. Vitamin B deficiency also suppresses immune function, increases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulates NF-κB. Considering the important functions of vitamin B and the severe consequences associated with its deficiency following bariatric surgery, proper dietary intervention and administration of adequate supplements should be considered to prevent negative clinical outcomes.
2.
The effects of vitamin B on the immune/cytokine network and their involvement in depression.
Mikkelsen, K, Stojanovska, L, Prakash, M, Apostolopoulos, V
Maturitas. 2017;:58-71
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that there are various interactions between the nervous system and the immune system, and that the immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) have been implicated in the neurobiological manifestations of depression. The immune/cytokine network has a powerful influence on the brain. In addition, deficiency in B vitamins has been linked to depression. Hence, greater knowledge of how immune cells change in the presence of vitamin B derivatives could improve understanding of how immune changes may correlate with depression, all of which are discussed herein.
3.
Polyneuropathy, anti-tuberculosis treatment and the role of pyridoxine in the HIV/AIDS era: a systematic review.
van der Watt, JJ, Harrison, TB, Benatar, M, Heckmann, JM
The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2011;(6):722-8
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is increasing in incidence in certain parts of the world, particularly where there is a co-epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), and it is associated with a significant degree of morbidity and mortality. One of the most common complications of anti-tuberculosis treatment is the development of a painful isoniazid (INH) associated polyneuropathy (PN), which is preventable with adequate pyridoxine supplementation. As PN is also the most frequent neurological complication associated with HIV infection, subjects who are HIV and TB co-infected may be at increased risk of developing PN. In this review, we explore current knowledge of anti-tuberculosis drug associated PN focusing on INH and its relationship to pyridoxine, as well as the additional impact of antiretroviral treatment and TB-HIV co-infection. It is evident that guidelines established for the prevention and treatment of this problem differ between industrialised and developing countries, and that further research is needed to define the optimum dosing of pyridoxine supplementation in populations where there is a significant burden of TB and HIV.