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The Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Vitamin B Status and Mental Health.
Al Mansoori, A, Shakoor, H, Ali, HI, Feehan, J, Al Dhaheri, AS, Cheikh Ismail, L, Bosevski, M, Apostolopoulos, V, Stojanovska, L
Nutrients. 2021;(4)
Abstract
Diet is a modifiable factor that ensures optimal growth, biochemical performance, improved mood and mental functioning. Lack of nutrients, notably vitamin B, has an impact on human health and wellbeing. The United Arab Emirates is facing a serious problem of micronutrient deficiencies because of the growing trend for bariatric surgery, including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. People undergoing bariatric surgery are at high risk of developing neurological, cognitive, and mental disabilities and cardiovascular disease due to deficiency in vitamin B. Vitamin B is involved in neurotransmitter synthesis, including γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline. Deficiency of vitamin B increases the risk of depression, anxiety, dementia and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, vitamin B deficiency can disrupt the methylation of homocysteine, leading to hyperhomocysteinemia. Elevated homocysteine levels are detrimental to human health. Vitamin B deficiency also suppresses immune function, increases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulates NF-κB. Considering the important functions of vitamin B and the severe consequences associated with its deficiency following bariatric surgery, proper dietary intervention and administration of adequate supplements should be considered to prevent negative clinical outcomes.
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2.
The effects of vitamin B on the immune/cytokine network and their involvement in depression.
Mikkelsen, K, Stojanovska, L, Prakash, M, Apostolopoulos, V
Maturitas. 2017;:58-71
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that there are various interactions between the nervous system and the immune system, and that the immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) have been implicated in the neurobiological manifestations of depression. The immune/cytokine network has a powerful influence on the brain. In addition, deficiency in B vitamins has been linked to depression. Hence, greater knowledge of how immune cells change in the presence of vitamin B derivatives could improve understanding of how immune changes may correlate with depression, all of which are discussed herein.
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3.
Nicotinamide reduces photodynamic therapy-induced immunosuppression in humans.
Thanos, SM, Halliday, GM, Damian, DL
The British journal of dermatology. 2012;(3):631-6
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune suppressive effects of topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) are potential contributors to treatment failure after PDT for nonmelanoma skin cancer. Nicotinamide (vitamin B(3) ) prevents immune suppression by ultraviolet radiation, but its effects on PDT-induced immunosuppression are unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of topical and oral nicotinamide on PDT-induced immunosuppression in humans. METHODS Twenty healthy Mantoux-positive volunteers received 5% nicotinamide lotion or vehicle to either side of the back daily for 3 days. Another group of 30 volunteers received 500 mg oral nicotinamide or placebo twice daily for 1 week in a randomized, double-blinded, crossover design. In each study, methylaminolaevulinate cream was applied to discrete areas on the back, followed by narrowband red light irradiation (37 J cm(-2) ) delivered at high (75 mW cm(-2) ) or low (15 mW cm(-2) ) irradiance rates. Adjacent, nonirradiated sites served as controls. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (Mantoux) reactions were assessed at treatment and control sites to determine immunosuppression. RESULTS High irradiance rate PDT with vehicle or with placebo caused significant immunosuppression (equivalent to 48% and 50% immunosuppression, respectively; both P < 0·0001); topical and oral nicotinamide reduced this immunosuppression by 59% and 66%, respectively (both P < 0·0001). Low irradiance rate PDT was not significantly immunosuppressive in the topical nicotinamide study (15% immunosuppression, not significant), but caused 22% immunosuppression in the oral study (placebo arm; P = 0·006); nicotinamide reduced this immunosuppression by 69% (P = 0·045). CONCLUSIONS While the clinical relevance of these findings is currently unknown, nicotinamide may provide an inexpensive means of preventing PDT-induced immune suppression and enhancing PDT cure rates.
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4.
Polyneuropathy, anti-tuberculosis treatment and the role of pyridoxine in the HIV/AIDS era: a systematic review.
van der Watt, JJ, Harrison, TB, Benatar, M, Heckmann, JM
The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2011;(6):722-8
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is increasing in incidence in certain parts of the world, particularly where there is a co-epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), and it is associated with a significant degree of morbidity and mortality. One of the most common complications of anti-tuberculosis treatment is the development of a painful isoniazid (INH) associated polyneuropathy (PN), which is preventable with adequate pyridoxine supplementation. As PN is also the most frequent neurological complication associated with HIV infection, subjects who are HIV and TB co-infected may be at increased risk of developing PN. In this review, we explore current knowledge of anti-tuberculosis drug associated PN focusing on INH and its relationship to pyridoxine, as well as the additional impact of antiretroviral treatment and TB-HIV co-infection. It is evident that guidelines established for the prevention and treatment of this problem differ between industrialised and developing countries, and that further research is needed to define the optimum dosing of pyridoxine supplementation in populations where there is a significant burden of TB and HIV.
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5.
Aged garlic extract supplemented with B vitamins, folic acid and L-arginine retards the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis: a randomized clinical trial.
Budoff, MJ, Ahmadi, N, Gul, KM, Liu, ST, Flores, FR, Tiano, J, Takasu, J, Miller, E, Tsimikas, S
Preventive medicine. 2009;(2-3):101-7
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies demonstrated that aged garlic extract reduces multiple cardiovascular risk factors. This study was designed to assess whether aged garlic extract therapy with supplements (AGE+S) favorably affects inflammatory and oxidation biomarkers, vascular function and progression of atherosclerosis as compared to placebo. METHODS In this placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial (conducted 2005-2007), 65 intermediate risk patients (age 60+/-9 years, 79% male) were treated with a placebo capsule or a capsule containing aged garlic extract (250 mg) plus Vitamin B12 (100 microg), folic acid (300 microg), Vitamin B6 (12.5 mg) and l-arginine (100 mg) given daily for a 1 year. All patients underwent coronary artery calcium scanning (CAC), temperature rebound (TR) as an index of vascular reactivity using Digital Thermal Monitoring (DTM), and measurement of lipid profile, autoantibodies to malondialdehyde (MDA)-LDL, apoB-immune complexes, oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) on apolipoprotein B-100 (OxPL/apoB), lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)], C-reactive protein (CRP), homocysteine were measured at baseline and 12 months. CAC progression was defined as an increase in CAC>15% per year and an increase in TR above baseline was considered a favorable response. RESULTS At 1 year, CAC progression was significantly lower and TR significantly higher in the AGE+S compared to the placebo group after adjustment of cardiovascular risk factors (p<0.05). Total cholesterol, LDL-C, homocysteine, IgG and IgM autoantibodies to MDA-LDL and apoB-immune complexes were decreased, whereas HDL, OxPL/apoB, and Lp (a) were significantly increased in AGE+S to placebo. CONCLUSION AGE+S is associated with a favorable improvement in oxidative biomarkers, vascular function, and reduced progression of atherosclerosis.
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6.
UV radiation-induced immunosuppression is greater in men and prevented by topical nicotinamide.
Damian, DL, Patterson, CR, Stapelberg, M, Park, J, Barnetson, RS, Halliday, GM
The Journal of investigative dermatology. 2008;(2):447-54
Abstract
UV radiation-induced immunosuppression augments cutaneous carcinogenesis. The incidence of skin cancer continues to increase despite increased use of sunscreens, which are less effective at preventing immunosuppression than sunburn. Using the Mantoux reaction as a model of skin immunity, we investigated the effects of solar-simulated (ss) UV and its component UVA and UVB wavebands and tested the ability of topical nicotinamide to protect from UV-induced immunosuppression. Healthy, Mantoux-positive volunteers were UV-irradiated on their backs, with 5% nicotinamide or vehicle applied to different sites in a randomized, double-blinded manner. Subsequent Mantoux testing at irradiated and adjacent unirradiated sites enabled measurement of UV-induced immunosuppression with and without nicotinamide. Suberythemal ssUV caused significant immunosuppression, although component UVB and UVA doses delivered independently did not. Men were immunosuppressed by ssUV doses three times lower than those required to immunosuppress women. This may be an important cause of the higher skin cancer incidence and mortality observed in men. Topical nicotinamide prevented immunosuppression, with gene chip microarrays suggesting that the mechanisms of protection may include alterations in complement, energy metabolism and apoptosis pathways. Nicotinamide is a safe and inexpensive compound that could be added to sunscreens or after-sun lotions to improve protection from immunosuppression. immunosuppression.JID JOURNAL CLUB ARTICLE For questions, answers, and open discussion about this article, please go to http://network.nature.com/group/jidclub
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7.
Restoration of blood total glutathione status and lymphocyte function following alpha-lipoic acid supplementation in patients with HIV infection.
Jariwalla, RJ, Lalezari, J, Cenko, D, Mansour, SE, Kumar, A, Gangapurkar, B, Nakamura, D
Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.). 2008;(2):139-46
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a glutathione-replenishing disulfide, modulates whole blood total glutathione (GSH + GSSG) levels and improves lymphocyte function in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects with history of unresponsiveness to highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). DESIGN AND SETTING Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial conducted at two study sites: an eye clinic at a county hospital in San Jose and a research clinic in San Francisco, California. SUBJECTS A total of 33 HIV-infected men and women with viral load >10,000 copies/cm(3), despite HAART, aged 44-47 years, approximately 36% nonwhite, were enrolled. INTERVENTION Patients were randomly assigned to receive either ALA (300 mg three times a day) or matching placebo for 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The change over 6 months in blood total glutathione status, lymphocyte proliferation response to T-cell mitogens, CD4 cell count, and viral load in patients receiving ALA compared to placebo. RESULTS The mean blood total glutathione level in ALA-supplemented subjects was significantly elevated after 6 months (1.34+/-0.79 vs. 0.81+/-0.18 mmol/L) compared to insignificant change (0.76+/-0.34 vs. 0.76+/-0.22 mmol/L) in the placebo group (ALA vs. placebo: p=0.04). The lymphocyte proliferation response was significantly enhanced or stabilized after 6 months of ALA supplementation compared to progressive decline in the placebo group (ALA vs. placebo: p<0.001 with phytohemagglutinin; p=0.02 with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody). A positive correlation was seen between blood total glutathione level and lymphocyte response to anti-CD3 stimulation (R(2)=0.889). There was no significant change in either HIV RNA level or CD4 count over 6 months in the ALA-supplemented compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid may positively impact patients with HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome by restoring blood total glutathione level and improving functional reactivity of lymphocytes to T-cell mitogens.