Effects of Ramadan Observance on Dietary Intake and Body Composition of Adolescent Athletes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'éducation physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia. Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia. Institute of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany. Activité Physique: Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia. Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. Neurotrack Technologies, 399 Bradford St, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA. Clinical Excellence Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. School of Sport and Exercise, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Department of Movement and Training Science, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Institute of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany. Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child, Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy. Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy. Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.

Nutrients. 2020;(6)
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Abstract

To evaluate the effects of Ramadan observance on dietary intake, body mass and body composition of adolescent athletes (design: systematic review and meta-analysis; data sources: PubMed and Web of Science; eligibility criteria for selecting studies: single-group, pre-post, with or without control-group studies, conducted in athletes aged <19 years, training at least 3 times/week, and published in any language before February 12th, 2020). Studies assessing body mass and/or body composition and/or dietary intake were deemed eligible. The methodological quality was assessed using 'QualSyst'. Of the twelve selected articles evaluating body mass and/or body composition, one was of strong quality and eleven were rated as moderate. Ten articles evaluated dietary intake; four were rated as strong and the remaining moderate in quality. Continuation of training during Ramadan did not change body mass from before to the first week (trivial effect size (ES) = -0.011, p = 0.899) or from before to the fourth week of Ramadan (trivial ES = 0.069, p = 0.277). Additionally, Ramadan observance did not change body fat content from before to the first week (trivial ES = -0.005, p = 0.947) and from before to the fourth week of Ramadan (trivial ES = -0.057, p = 0.947). Lean body mass remained unchanged from before to the fourth week of Ramadan (trivial ES = -0.025, p = 0.876). Dietary data showed the intake of energy (small ES = -0.272, p = 0.182), fat (trivial ES = 0.044, p = 0.842), protein (trivial ES = 0.069, p = 0.720), carbohydrate (trivial ES = 0.075, p = 0.606) and water (trivial ES = -0.115, p = 0.624) remained essentially unchanged during as compared to before Ramadan. Continued training of adolescent athletes at least three times/week during Ramadan observance has no effect on body mass, body composition or dietary intake.

Methodological quality

Publication Type : Meta-Analysis ; Review

Metadata

MeSH terms : Eating ; Fasting