Plain language summary
At present, the treatment for obesity includes regular physical activity, diet intervention, medication and bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to summarise the current literature and investigate whether different dietary interventions influence the metabolic indicators of overweight or obesity. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of twelve papers, eight of which were of medium quality. The duration of dietary therapy was usually an average of 19 weeks, from 4 weeks to 24 weeks. Dietary interventions included a calorie-restricted diet, a Mediterranean diet, a low-carb diet, a low-fat diet, and a ketogenic diet. Results show that dietary intervention had a significant effect on changes in fasting insulin, fasting glucose and insulin resistance changes in women. Additionally, dietary intervention also had a positive effect on triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Authors conclude that obese women should follow dietary interventions to improve their metabolic index. Furthermore, future large-scale randomised controlled trial experiments should be performed on specific diet therapies.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dietary therapy may improve glucose and lipid metabolism function in women. However, there is no systematic review to investigate the association between metabolic effects and different dietary interventions in obese women. The main purpose of this study is to summarize the current literature and investigate whether different dietary interventions have an effect on glucose and metabolic indicators of overweight or obese women. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies from 1991 to 2022 by adopting a systematic review and meta-analysis. The database includes Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. Literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were independently completed by 2 researchers. Meta-analysis was performed with RevMan. RESULTS Twelve articles were extracted and the meta-analysis results showed that the mean difference of metabolic indexes of obese women before and after dietary intervention, including fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR (Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance), TG (triglyceride), TC (total cholesterol), LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) are -0.13 [-0.15, -0.10], -2.41 [-3.44, -1.38], -0.13 [-0.15, -0.10], -21.71 [-24.19, -19.22], -21.71 [-24.19, -19.22], -13.29 [-17.86, -8.72], 3.31 [2.22, 4.40], respectively. CONCLUSIONS Different dietary interventions benefit glucose and lipid metabolism of overweight or obese women. Further study is needed to determine which specific dietary effects have the greatest effect on improving metabolic indicators.
Methodological quality
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