Plain language summary
Bariatric surgery, including gastric bypass, is the most effective strategy to treat obesity and the associated health complications. The major goal is long-term excess body weight reduction, but weight gain after time does occur in a proportion of patients. There is a wide range of responses to bariatric surgery; the different surgical techniques and genetic background of the individual patient account for this. The interactions between nutrients and genes are complex and have not been fully elucidated. This paper summarises the main literature findings relating nutritional genomics and bariatric surgery. It also describes the importance of nutritional genomics concepts in personalized bariatric management. Points discussed are: The genetic variations associated with obesity and telemore length (a marker for cellular ageing). How bariatric surgery affects epigenetics and the expression of various genes involved in different metabolic pathways. The role of bariatric surgery on gut microbiota. The authors believe that nutritional genomics will soon enable the delivery of precise nutrition recommendations to patients undergoing bariatric surgery, to provide high-risk individuals with personalized treatment and to prevent complications.
Abstract
This review provides a literature overview of new findings relating nutritional genomics and bariatric surgery. It also describes the importance of nutritional genomics concepts in personalized bariatric management. It includes a discussion of the potential role bariatric surgery plays in altering the three pillars of nutritional genomics: nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, and epigenetics. We present studies that show the effect of each patient's genetic and epigenetic variables on the response to surgical weight loss treatment. We include investigations that demonstrate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with obesity phenotypes and their influence on weight loss after bariatric surgery. We also present reports on how significant weight loss induced by bariatric surgery impacts telomere length, and we discuss studies on the existence of an epigenetic signature associated with surgery outcomes and specific gene methylation profile, which may help to predict weight loss after a surgical procedure. Finally, we show articles which evidence that bariatric surgery may affect expression of numerous genes involved in different metabolic pathways and consequently induce functional and taxonomic changes in gut microbial communities. The role nutritional genomics plays in responses to weight loss after bariatric surgery is evident. Better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in this process is necessary for successful weight management and maintenance.
Lifestyle medicine
Bioactive Substances
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DNA
Methodological quality
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Not applicable
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